{"id":168689,"date":"2023-06-16T16:15:15","date_gmt":"2023-06-16T15:15:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/?p=168689"},"modified":"2023-10-30T19:37:52","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T18:37:52","slug":"data-poisoning-a-threat-to-machine-learning-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-poisoning-a-threat-to-machine-learning-models","title":{"rendered":"Data Poisoning: a threat to Machine Learning models"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"168689\" class=\"elementor elementor-168689\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7063b88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"7063b88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-728ec00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"728ec00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Among the many computer attacks that exist and that attack IT systems, Data Poisoning is characterized by the falsification of training data for Machine Learning models. What does this mean? Does it represent a real danger? Here's a brief overview of this particular attack, the threats it poses, and how to defend against it.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a71a2e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"1a71a2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e87937 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e87937\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is data poisoning?\n<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68679eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68679eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Poisoning attacks first appeared with the massive advent of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/machine-learning-what-is-it-and-why-does-it-change-the-world\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Machine Learning models <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">at the end of the 20th century.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These attacks occur during the training phase of machine learning models. A machine learning model <\/span><b>needs to be trained<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with data to function. Gradually, the machine learning model will<\/span><b> learn from its mistakes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and perform its task more and more accurately.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A predictive model is a computer program that will be able to perform a particular task, such as recognizing<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c0770c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2c0770c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"275\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2023\/06\/Data-poisoning2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-168691\" alt=\"Data-poisoning2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2023\/06\/Data-poisoning2.jpg 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2023\/06\/Data-poisoning2-300x161.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24ad032 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24ad032\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the Data Poisoning attack, by acting on the training phase, will alter or even completely distort the results of the <\/span><b>predictive model<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The example of the attacks on <\/span><b>Google&#8217;s anti-spam system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between 2017 and 2018 shows just how they work. Google&#8217;s anti-spam model is trained with data known as input\/label pairs.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The input is an email or text message, and the label indicates whether the message is spam or not.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is where the <\/span><b>Data Poisoning attack<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> comes in. It will corrupt and falsify this training data on a massive scale, indicating, for example, that a spam message is not spam. This attack will alter the accuracy of the machine-learning model. In Google&#8217;s case, spammers can then rub their hands together:They can send spam without Google&#8217;s anti-spam model notifying them. Data poisoning attacks can also <\/span><b>act on traffic sign recognition models<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, used for autonomous cars, for example. If this model is poisoned, it could very well confuse a stop sign with a speed limit sign.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e44c3e5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e44c3e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2023\/06\/Data-poisoning1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-168692\" alt=\"Data-poisoning1\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96a514b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96a514b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This attack has become very accessible to even the smallest hacker. Previously, Data Poisoning attacks were <\/span><b>difficult to implement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> because they required a lot of computing power, time, and money. But new techniques have made it possible to bypass these obstacles. The <\/span><b>TrojanNet backdoor technique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is particularly problematic. By creating a neural network that detects a series of patches, this technique does not require access to the original model and can be performed by a basic computer. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05e2468 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"05e2468\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6129aa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6129aa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the dangers of Data Poisoning?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f59a3b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f59a3b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fact that a data poisoning attack has become so accessible makes it a real danger. Once the model training phase is over, it&#8217;s very difficult to <\/span><b>correct the machine learning model<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It would require a lengthy analysis of all the inputs that have trained the model, to detect fraudulent inputs and remove them. But if the mass of data is too large, this analysis is simply impossible. The only solution is to retrain the model.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But these training phases can be extremely costly: in the case of the <\/span><b>GPT-3 <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/artificial-intelligence-definition\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">artificial intelligence system<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> developed by Open IA, the training phase cost around 16 million euros&#8230;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data poisoning is not just an <\/span><b>economic cost<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it can also represent an <\/span><b>even greater danger<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Artificial intelligence and machine learning models are becoming increasingly important in our societies, and are being used for tasks of the utmost importance, such as healthcare, transport, and criminal investigations. For example, the Chicago police are using AI to fight crime, to predict where and when violent crimes will break out.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What happens if the data in their models is poisoned? Crime-fighting becomes ineffective, and the models steer police officers in the wrong direction.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da0fb49 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"da0fb49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffc201b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ffc201b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How can we protect ourselves from data poisoning?\n<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15661c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15661c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fortunately, there are ways to combat data poisoning.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first technique is to <\/span><b>check the databases<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> before injecting them into the model&#8217;s training data. This can be done using statistical methods to detect anomalies in the data, regression tests, or manual moderation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can also spot any drop in <\/span><b>model performance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during the training phase and react immediately, thanks to cloud tools such as <\/span><b>Azure Monitor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><b>Amazon SageMaker<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, as data poisoning requires prior knowledge of the model, it is important to keep the model&#8217;s operating information secret during the training phase.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data poisoning, therefore, represents a real IT threat, and all the more so as these attacks are becoming<\/span><b> increasingly accessible to hackers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The challenge, however, is to keep pace with the technical progress made by hackers and to improve prevention systems. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-scientist-salary\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Scientists<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-engineer-role-skills-salary\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Engineers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are on the front line in combating these attacks. They are the ones who will have to<\/span><b> collect secure data<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><b>detect attacks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during the training phases. If you&#8217;d like to find out more about how these models work and how to protect them, take a look at our training courses in the data professions.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc12392 elementor-align-center button-principal elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cc12392\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-courses\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Start a training in Data Science<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0822f7b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"0822f7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c868f elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"22c868f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"What is data poisoning?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Data Poisoning attacks first appeared with the massive advent of Machine Learning models at the end of the 20th century. 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What [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":168693,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2425],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Data Poisoning: a threat to Machine Learning models<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Among the many computer attacks that exist and that attack IT systems, Data Poisoning is characterized by the falsification of training data for Machine Learning models.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-poisoning-a-threat-to-machine-learning-models\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" 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