{"id":172471,"date":"2023-10-30T14:33:14","date_gmt":"2023-10-30T13:33:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/?p=172471"},"modified":"2023-10-30T14:35:10","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T13:35:10","slug":"python-programming-for-beginners-episode-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/python-programming-for-beginners-episode-2","title":{"rendered":"Python programming for beginners &#8211; Episode 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"172471\" class=\"elementor elementor-172471\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14e4f92 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"14e4f92\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35eea44 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"35eea44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa66594 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa66594\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Table of Contents:<\/b><\/span>\n<ol>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/programming-in-python\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Episode 1<\/span><\/a> &#8211; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/programming-in-python#introductionpython\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Introduction<\/a><\/span> &#8211; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/programming-in-python#variables\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Variables<\/a><\/span> &#8211; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/programming-in-python#types\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Types<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-programming-functions-operators-loops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Episode 2<\/span><\/a><\/span>\n<ol>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #6e4ceb;\"><a style=\"color: #6e4ceb;\" href=\"#operators\">Operators<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #6e4ceb;\"><a style=\"color: #6e4ceb;\" href=\"#loops\">Loops<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #6e4ceb;\"><a style=\"color: #6e4ceb;\" href=\"#functions\">Functions<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/data-cleaning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Episode 3<\/a><\/span> &#8211; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/data-cleaning#data-import\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Data Import<\/a><\/span> &#8211; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/data-cleaning#data-cleaning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Data Cleaning<\/a><\/span> &#8211; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/data-cleaning#data-processing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Data Processing<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-programming-example\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\">Episode 4<\/span><\/a> &#8211; <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-programming-example#python-libraries\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Importing Python Libraries<\/span> &#8211;<\/a><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-programming-example#python-data\">Importing Data<\/a><\/span> &#8211; <a style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Handling Missing Values<\/span>\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-programming-for-beginners-episode-4#cheatsheet\">Python Cheat Sheet<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ff72b2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"1ff72b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-489e6dc e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"489e6dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b00dc8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b00dc8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Welcome to the second episode in our series of introductions to Python programming. In the previous episode, you saw how useful it is to master this language and how to get started with the different variable types. In this episode, you'll discover the different operators on Python, as well as how loops work and various useful functions on Python.\n\nLet's get started: \n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a210dd2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"a210dd2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56a305c e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"56a305c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-118a14e elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"118a14e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\nbody.elementor-page .elementor-widget-menu-anchor{margin-bottom:0}<\/style>\t\t<div id=\"operateurs\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1560687 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1560687\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arithmetic operators:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7ed30d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7ed30d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/python-programming-for-beginners-episode-3\">Python shell can replace your pocket calculator,<\/a> with basic arithmetic operations implemented natively:<\/p><p>+ for addition<br \/>&#8211; for subtraction<br \/>* for multiplication<br \/>\/ for division<br \/>% for modulo (returns the remainder of the division)<br \/>**for power<\/p><p>These operations can be performed on numbers, but also on other types of variables<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7405fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"f7405fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/gtordjma\/0cd942338280efb1e66f3a1c0abbc96d.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c711fa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"0c711fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d2408d e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"8d2408d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-771cb89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"771cb89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tests (Conditional instructions)<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-924fc9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"924fc9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The if statement is the simplest test structure. Its<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/django-all-about-the-python-web-development-framework\"> syntax in Python<\/a> uses the notion of a block. First, let&#8217;s take a look at this notion.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2d5529 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2d5529\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Instruction block - Indentation<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f4fcda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f4fcda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To indicate a block of code in Python, you must indent (using tabs) each line of the block by the same amount.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe2f966 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe2f966\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Instruction if:<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c991aa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c991aa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The instruction syntax is as follows:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-026c817 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"026c817\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/gtordjma\/1c084bd0d505d5bee172428d46b39480.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f45e41b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f45e41b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>condition is a Boolean expression, i.e. an expression that takes the value True or False.<\/p><p>Here&#8217;s an example:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bb8a22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"2bb8a22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/gtordjma\/028390eefbae0f5e34ea1bf7f2fbc770.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dea584e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dea584e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comparison operators:<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d96f51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d96f51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This table summarizes the comparison operations that can be used in conditions:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa581fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"aa581fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6906f08 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"6906f08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e109bf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"e109bf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"boucles\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2092c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb2092c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Loops:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3a2716 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c3a2716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In programming, we often need to repeat a sequence of instructions a certain number of times, depending on one or more conditions.<\/p><p>Loops enable us to do this simply and efficiently.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a94ed2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a94ed2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Boucles while :<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dee08a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1dee08a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The principle is simple. A while loop executes a series of instructions until a condition is met. To operate, it generally requires three steps:<\/p><p>initialization of an iteration variable.(i)<br \/>Test the iteration variable.(i&lt;3)<br \/>Updating the iteration variable. (i=i+1)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b17cf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5b17cf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/YOHANCOHENCODES\/4ad8b1b336f4adbd55d2f9e825072019.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-031f17b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"031f17b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-433a4c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"433a4c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-def60c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"def60c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Boucles for :<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd6a7c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd6a7c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The for loop can also be used to repeat a block of instructions. It is generally used to iterate over a predefined sequence of values. Sequences are often of the range, list or tuple type, but can also be character strings:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-277be7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"277be7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/YOHANCOHENCODES\/4fe24569d62249f99937579bafa682e4.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73a4cb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73a4cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The in is essential to the use of the loop, as it is used to traverse the sequence.<\/p><p>When the loop is executed, i contains the first element of L, and the instruction block is executed. Then i contains the second element of L, and so on to the last element of the list.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ddb64d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ddb64d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For both types of loop, you may need to exit them before they end. To do this, we use the break instruction.<\/p><p>In this example, if the password entered is different from &#8216;0000&#8217; more than three times, the loop displays &#8216;Try again later&#8217; and the break instruction takes us out of the loop immediately.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70231b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"70231b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/YOHANCOHENCODES\/311392c23484845073e80da54424c6a3.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5358b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5358b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the same register as the break instruction, continue is also an instruction inside the loop, this time allowing you to bypass an iteration of the loop.<\/p><p>In the following example, the for loop running through the list a will pass through the value 0. But as the calculation of 1\/0 is not possible, the continue instruction will ignore this value and move on to the next one.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9d8d21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d9d8d21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/YOHANCOHENCODES\/eb1a81f139bb330e4643d08c5ea5c551.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5990492 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"5990492\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e2943a e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"2e2943a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fde032 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"9fde032\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"fonctions\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcdc501 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dcdc501\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Functions:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae3085 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eae3085\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As in mathematics, functions can be used to group together a sequence of reusable instructions, avoiding the need to recopy the same code <strong>several times in a program.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>What&#8217;s more, functions can be parameterized<\/strong> and return one or more results, thus widening the range of possibilities. In some cases, they can also return nothing.<\/p><p>When calling a function, it is necessary to specify the parameter values to be used during execution (in brackets, after the function name). This is not mandatory for a parameter with a &#8220;default value&#8221;, which in this case will take a default value. To specify a parameter not to take its <strong>default value, simply specify the value to be used.<\/strong><\/p><p>To define and call a function, use the following syntax:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28a639e elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"28a639e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/YOHANCOHENCODES\/12511494fc21e9bfff5ae9de7883e1e9.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-042eef4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"042eef4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, calling the following function will return the square of a number if it is positive and 0 otherwise.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dffe1ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"dffe1ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/YOHANCOHENCODES\/f8100befa96d571ce2d4bb6569a6bc5d.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78e7ed3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78e7ed3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Global variables in a function :<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f2a2b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f2a2b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size );\">A variable defined outside a function can be reused within that function. However, if a modification is made to this variable within the function, it will only <strong>last as long as the function call:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b86d71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"1b86d71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/YOHANCOHENCODES\/65a911a5f5cdbde5998111312003179e.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-866a353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"866a353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is then possible to modify the variable in the function if it has been declared as a global variable in the function:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8a338b elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d8a338b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/YOHANCOHENCODES\/286b693f6aeb80a92d39e333c4ccf410.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb583ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb583ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recursivity<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d692ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d692ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/python-or-r-which-to-choose\">Python also supports recursion.<\/a> Recursion is the ability of a function to define itself by calling itself.<\/p><p>It is essential to set a &#8220;stop condition&#8221; so that a call to a function does not generate an infinite number of calls (and therefore a halt to your program).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08fa656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"08fa656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/YOHANCOHENCODES\/a50ecfc54dc2e9d000e2ec66d5583596.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-083de73 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"083de73\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd6e1f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"cd6e1f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f10fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f10fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Well done for following this introduction to Python so far.<\/p><p>Just a little more effort and in 2 weeks you&#8217;ll be able to create a Data Science application. See you next week for a look at <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-cleaning-definition-methods-and-relevance-in-data-science\">loading a dataset and cleaning it.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents: Episode 1 &#8211; Introduction &#8211; Variables &#8211; Types Episode 2 Operators Loops Functions Episode 3 &#8211; Data Import &#8211; Data Cleaning &#8211; Data Processing Episode 4 &#8211; Importing Python Libraries &#8211;Importing Data &#8211; Handling Missing Values\u00a0 Python Cheat Sheet Welcome to the second episode in our series of introductions to Python programming. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67,"featured_media":172472,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2425],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python programming for beginners - Episode 2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Join us for the second episode of Python Programming for Beginners. Explore fundamental concepts, practical tips, and hands-on examples to kickstart your Python journey. 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