{"id":173576,"date":"2023-11-25T20:57:51","date_gmt":"2023-11-25T19:57:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/?p=173576"},"modified":"2023-11-25T21:04:38","modified_gmt":"2023-11-25T20:04:38","slug":"the-power-of-python-annotations-a-guide-to-why-and-how-you-should-use-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/the-power-of-python-annotations-a-guide-to-why-and-how-you-should-use-them","title":{"rendered":"The Power of Python Annotations: A Guide to Why and How You Should Use Them"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"173576\" class=\"elementor elementor-173576\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccabe6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"2ccabe6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fa02f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fa02f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2>Python annotations provide additional information on variables or functions. In particular, they can be used to improve code readability, or to detect errors via an IDE or third-party libraries. Find out all you need to know about Python annotations, and how to learn how to use them.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-666f496 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"666f496\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Programming languages such as C, C++ or Java<\/strong> are statically typed languages. This means that the variable&#8217;s data type must be declared before it can actually be used in a program.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/avoid-these-top-5-common-python-coding-mistakes\">Python, on the other hand, is a dynamic typing language.<\/a> The variable&#8217;s data type need not be declared beforehand. It is only determined at runtime.<\/p><p>In other words, a <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/python-programming-for-beginners-episode-2\">Python developer<\/a> doesn&#8217;t have to declare the data type of the value a variable accepts, since Python realizes the variable&#8217;s data type based on its current value.<\/p><p>Statistical and dynamic languages have their own advantages and disadvantages. One problem with dynamic languages is that typing errors are only detected in the run-ime.<\/p><p>More errors will be detected at runtime than could have been detected during development. What&#8217;s more, the absence of compilation can <strong>lead to low-performance code.<\/strong><\/p><p>Verbose variables make code harder to tell. We can also deplore erroneous assumptions about the behavior of specific functions, and errors linked to bad associations.<\/p><p>However, since version 3.0, <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/comparing-scala-and-python-choosing-the-right-language-for-your-projects\">Python has made it possible to remedy this problem<\/a> with annotations. The aim is to highlight the data type of variables, so that typing errors are detected before run time.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a89a27a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"a89a27a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87e4abb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"87e4abb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are Python annotations?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a59933 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a59933\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Python Annotations are a Python feature<\/strong> that tells developers the data type of variables or function parameters. They can also be used to improve the readability of a Python program.<\/p><p>There are two main types of <strong>Python annotations<\/strong>: function annotations and variable annotations. Each has its own role and specific features.<\/p><p>Function annotations can indicate descriptions, parameter data types and much more. Most often, however, function annotations are used to denote the data type of a function&#8217;s parameters and the return type of a function.<\/p><p>Variable annotations were first introduced in <strong>PEP 484,<\/strong> where type comments are used to annotate variables. These comments indicate the data type of the variables. This method is not very efficient, however, and has its own drawbacks.<\/p><p>It wasn&#8217;t until <strong>PEP 526 in Python 3.6<\/strong> that variable annotations were introduced. There are several rules for writing variable annotations, such as the absence of spaces before or after colons.<\/p><p>For complex types such as lists or tuples, a typing module is used. This makes it possible, for example, to use both function and type annotations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0304b3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0304b3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/annotation-python1.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80fd7b1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"80fd7b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac2db7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac2db7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do I access Python annotations?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a72a6bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a72a6bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To <strong>access annotations,<\/strong> you can use the &#8220;__ annotations __&#8221; attribute on the function object. The results are given in the form of a dictionary, with keys and values mapped to parameters and annotations respectively.<\/p><p>Even if the return is not a parameter, it can be <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/python-tutorial-reasons-and-strategies-for-learning-the-language\">added by Python<\/a> to indicate the function&#8217;s return type. If a function has no annotations, then the &#8220;__annotations__&#8221; attribute returns an empty dictionary.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5122c66 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"5122c66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28e582b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"28e582b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are Python annotations for?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb93a50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb93a50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The<strong> Python annotations<\/strong> have several uses. Firstly, they can be used to detect typing errors before runtime, thanks to third-party tools such as mypy that can check static typing and offer advice or warnings.<\/p><p>The mypy tool was created by Jukka Lehtosalo to offer the <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/mastering-nltk-your-ultimate-guide-to-pythons-nlp-toolkit\">advantages of a static typing environment for a dynamic language like Python<\/a>. It can be used to check annotated code in Python and issue warnings in the event of inconsistent use.<\/p><p>This tool also checks code syntax, and reports errors in the event of invalid syntax. It also supports gradual typing, enabling you to add typing hints to your code at your own pace. Similar tools include pyright, pytypes and pyre.<\/p><p>Similarly, it is possible to detect errors<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/unpacking-the-power-of-integrated-development-environments-ides\"> using IDEs<\/a> if annotation has been used to indicate the type of parameter data. This helps to detect errors when writing code in an <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/pycharm-all-about-the-most-popular-python-ide\">integrated development environment such as Pycharm.<\/a><\/p><p>In addition, annotations can also help with autocompletion. An IDE understands the data type of a variable thanks to annotations, and therefore proposes methods to apply to this data type.<br \/>Finally, annotations improve code readability. Data types are highlighted clearly and explicitly, eliminating the need for docstrings or comments to explain in detail.<\/p><p>In themselves, annotations are not particularly useful on Python. The real advantage comes from third-party libraries such as linters, type checkers or annotation-capable IDEs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a84a49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9a84a49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/annotation-python2.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2877f6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"a2877f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8fe105 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e8fe105\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do I learn to program in Python?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b34656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b34656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Python<\/strong> has a number of subtleties, such as annotations, which enable you to take full advantage of its potential. To learn how to handle this programming language, you can choose DataScientest.<\/p><p>All our training courses include a module specially dedicated to Python programming and its<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-scientist-job-all-about\"> Data Science libraries<\/a> such as <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/numpy-the-python-library-in-data-science\">NumPy<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/pandas-the-python-library\">Pandas<\/a>. Other modules cover data analysis, Machine Learning, DataViz and Business Intelligence.<\/p><p>By the end of the program, you&#8217;ll have all the skills you need for your chosen career: Data Analyst, Data Scientist, Data Engineer or Data Manager. Over 80% of our alumni have found a job directly after the course.<\/p><p>All our training courses are online and adopt a Blended Learning approach, combining online learning on a coached platform and Masterclasses. You can choose between Continuing Education and an intensive BootCamp, depending on your preferences and availability.<\/p><p>As for financing, all our training courses are eligible for the Compte Personnel de Formation (Personal Training Account) if you are in France or the Bildungsgutschein in Germany. Don&#8217;t waste another second and discover DataScientest!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-187b7df elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"187b7df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-courses\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Discover our Data Training Courses<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f18bae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"3f18bae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7e8760 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f7e8760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"What are annotations?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Annotations are a Python feature that tells developers the data type of variables or function parameters. 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Programming languages such as C, C++ or Java [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67,"featured_media":173579,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2425],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Power of Python Annotations: A Guide to Why and How You Should Use Them<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the why and how of Python annotations in this comprehensive guide. 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