{"id":176970,"date":"2024-01-19T14:53:30","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T13:53:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/?p=176970"},"modified":"2024-01-19T14:56:43","modified_gmt":"2024-01-19T13:56:43","slug":"java-fundamentals-explained-jdk-jre-and-jvm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/java-fundamentals-explained-jdk-jre-and-jvm","title":{"rendered":"Java: Fundamentals explained (JDK, JRE and JVM)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"176970\" class=\"elementor elementor-176970\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e690fb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"4e690fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdc371a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cdc371a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Java is a high-level object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling and Patrick Naughton. It is one of the most widely used programming languages in the world, thanks to its scalability, rigor and portability. These characteristics mean that it is frequently used to develop a wide range of applications, from desktop to mobile and Web applications. Its syntax is close to that of C++, but has been refined in comparison with the latter.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b45505 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"6b45505\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67d7b04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67d7b04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>To understand the basics of Java, it&#8217;s essential to become familiar with key concepts such as the<em> Java Development Kit (JDK), the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) and the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)<\/em>. In this article, we&#8217;ll explore these fundamental elements of Java and explain how they interact to enable the execution of Java programs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-222332d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"222332d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de88aa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"de88aa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is the Java Development Kit (JDK)?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b176d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b176d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A. JDK overview: Roles and functions in the Java environment<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd28baf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd28baf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>Java Development Kit (JDK)<\/strong> is a set of essential tools for developing Java applications. It provides a complete environment for writing, compiling, debugging and executing Java programs (cf. I.B). The tools provided by the JDK are generally found in all software development environments.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-968f9a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"968f9a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B. JDK components<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d801ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d801ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\">1. The Java compiler (javac)<\/ol<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b51958 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b51958\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Java is an interpreted language, which means it cannot be executed directly by the <strong>operating system.<\/strong> To run a Java program, you have to go through another program called the interpreter. The interpreter reads a bytecode file, which is the result of compiling the Java source code.<\/p><p>The Java compiler, part of the JDK, plays an essential role in this process. It takes the Java source code and converts it into Java bytecode that can be understood by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The compiler checks syntax, types and performs optimizations during compilation.<\/p><p><strong>Bytecode<\/strong> is the intermediate code between machine instructions and source code. Thus, to run a Java program, the source code is compiled by the javac compiler into bytecode, which is saved in a file with a .class extension. This bytecode is not directly usable, but must be interpreted by the <strong>JVM,<\/strong> which transforms it into machine code that can be understood by the operating system. This is why Java is considered a portable language, since the bytecode remains the same whatever the execution environment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8c2c95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8c2c95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\">2. Standard libraries (Java Class Library)<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25adeb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25adeb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>JDK includes an extensive library<\/strong> of predefined classes, known as the Java Class Library. These libraries offer a wide range of ready-to-use features, such as string management, file operations, graphical interfaces, network connections and more.<\/p><p>A large number of classes, <strong>provided by Java SE<\/strong>, implement generic data and processing that can be used by a wide range of applications. These <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/api-the-path-to-seamless-integration\">classes form the API (Application Programmer Interface)<\/a> of the Java language. All these classes are organized into packages (or libraries) dedicated to a specific theme.<\/p><p>Among the most widely used packages are the following:<\/p><ul><li>java.awt: graphical and interface management classes<\/li><li>java.io: input\/output management<\/li><li>java.lang: basic classes (imported by default)<\/li><li>java.util: utility classes<\/li><li>javax.swing: other graphical classes<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce1050 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ce1050\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>3. Development tools<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5500b25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5500b25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The <strong>JDK offers a range of development tools<\/strong> to facilitate the process of creating Java applications. These include the debugger (jdb) for identifying and correcting errors, and the documentation generator (javadoc) for <strong>creating developer-readable documentation.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b543e37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b543e37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jdk-java-datascientest.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f220662 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f220662\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-engineer-course\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">All about JDK<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e981d94 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"e981d94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d82295b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d82295b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Java Runtime Environment (JRE) overview<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eeda80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1eeda80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A. Understanding the JRE<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64a2f34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64a2f34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>1. Definition and role of the JRE in Java program execution<\/ol><\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d1b92c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d1b92c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>The Java Runtime Environment (JRE)<\/strong> is the runtime environment required to run Java applications. It includes the<strong> Java Virtual Machine (JVM)<\/strong>, class libraries and other essential components. It supports the execution of Java programs by providing an execution <strong>platform for the JVM<\/strong>. It loads and executes Java bytecode files and provides access to the necessary class libraries.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f68e24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f68e24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>2. Differences between JDK and JRE<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc7f6d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc7f6d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The<strong> JDK includes both the JRE<\/strong> and development tools, while the JRE is intended for running Java applications. The JDK is used for development, while the JRE is used to run <strong>Java applications.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c82c52b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c82c52b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>3. Importance du JRE<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfb2f37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfb2f37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The JRE is crucial in guaranteeing the portability of Java applications. Java applications can be run on any JRE-compatible system, regardless of the underlying operating system, while the JVM is available.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e4fd69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e4fd69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B. JRE components<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f02f58e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f02f58e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\">1. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d37eec3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d37eec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The <em>Java Virtual Machine<\/em> is the central JRE component responsible for executing Java programs. It interprets Java bytecode or compiles it into native code, depending on the specific JVM implementation. It&#8217;s important to note that the JVM is also present in the JDK, but the JRE is primarily intended for running Java applications without the additional development tools <strong>provided by the JDK.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c5111 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a8c5111\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>2. JRE class libraries<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d55ee55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d55ee55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The JRE contains a set of predefined class libraries. These libraries provide functionality and APIs that enable Java applications to perform common operations. These integration libraries help developers create seamless data connections between their applications and services. Some of these libraries include :<\/p><ul><li><strong>Java IDL (CORBA),<\/strong> which uses the Common Object Request architecture to support distributed objects written in the Java programming language.<\/li><li><strong>Java Database Connectivity API (JDBC),<\/strong> which provides tools for developers to write applications with access to remote relationship databases, flat files and spreadsheets.<\/li><li><strong>Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI):<\/strong> a programming interface and directory service that enables customers to create portable applications capable of retrieving information from databases using naming conventions.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d18eeb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d18eeb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jre-java-datascientest.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b99433 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9b99433\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-engineer-course\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Understanding how JRE works<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65dcd02 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"65dcd02\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69d49af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69d49af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Java Virtual Machine (JVM)?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebf7234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ebf7234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A. Understanding the JVM<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e3c97d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e3c97d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>1. Definition and role of the JVM in Java program execution<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7999ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7999ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The<strong> Java Virtual Machine (JVM)<\/strong> is an essential component of the Java runtime environment. Its main role is to execute Java programs by converting Java bytecode into executable instructions for the underlying machine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0696077 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0696077\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><ol>2. Portability and platform independence thanks to the JVM<\/ol>.<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fec5eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fec5eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The JVM enables portability of Java programs, meaning they can be run on different platforms without requiring major modifications. It provides an abstraction layer between Java code and the operating system, allowing Java programs to be platform-independent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4f03cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e4f03cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B. Internal operation of the JVM<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-455c285 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"455c285\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>1. Bytecode loading, verification and execution<\/ol>.<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1da44f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1da44f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The JVM loads the bytecode files generated by the Java compiler. It performs a rigorous check to ensure that the bytecode is safe and complies with security rules.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1c721f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a1c721f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>2. Memory management and garbage collection<\/ol>.<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50c691d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50c691d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The JVM dynamically manages memory to allocate and free the space required for program execution. It uses garbage collection to automatically reclaim memory used by objects that are no longer referenced.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcdfbe9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bcdfbe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><ol><ol>a - The call stack<\/ol><\/ol>.<\/h6>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fc2a18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fc2a18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">The JVM uses a call stack to manage method calls and local variables. Each method call is represented by a stack frame, which contains parameters, local variables and other information.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c92aa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c92aa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol><ol>b - The pile (Heap)<\/ol><\/ol><\/h6>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d0c07d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d0c07d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">The heap is a memory region used to allocate dynamic objects created by Java programs. It is managed by the JVM and enables objects to be created, modified and deleted at runtime.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7764a36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7764a36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol><ol>c - Garbage Collection<\/ol><\/ol><\/h6>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0754f87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0754f87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">The JVM performs garbage collection to free memory occupied by objects that are no longer referenced. This prevents memory leaks and enables automatic memory management in Java programs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25eeeee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"25eeeee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42eccfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42eccfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ac846 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1ac846\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In this article, we&#8217;ve explored the f<strong>undamental elements of Java, such as the JDK, the JRE and the JVM.<\/strong> The JDK is essential for developing Java applications, while the JRE enables these applications to run on a target machine. The JVM plays a central role by interpreting Java bytecode and providing a secure, portable runtime environment. By understanding these key concepts, you&#8217;ll be better prepared to create efficient, high-performance Java applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34a8bb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34a8bb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If you liked the article, and would like to learn Java, take a look at our Data Engineer course.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a19d5cc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"a19d5cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/BR-mPByojC0&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center center;object-position:center center}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72f933c elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"72f933c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-engineer-course\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Discover our Data Engineer training<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dc31b4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"0dc31b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9cb022 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b9cb022\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"What is Java Development Kit (JDK)?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a set of essential tools for developing Java applications. It provides a complete environment for writing, compiling, debugging and executing Java programs (cf. I.B). The tools provided by the JDK are generally encountered in all software development environments.\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"Java Runtime Environment (JRE) presentation\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is the runtime environment required to run Java applications. It includes the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), class libraries and other essential components. It supports the execution of Java programs by providing an execution platform for the JVM. 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These characteristics mean that it is frequently used to develop a wide range of applications, from desktop to mobile and Web [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67,"featured_media":176980,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2425],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Java: Fundamentals explained (JDK, JRE and JVM)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In summary, during Java application development, developers use the JDK, which includes the Java Compiler (javac) and other development tools. End-users who only want to run Java applications require the JRE. 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