{"id":177766,"date":"2024-02-08T10:18:29","date_gmt":"2024-02-08T09:18:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/?p=177766"},"modified":"2024-02-08T10:22:03","modified_gmt":"2024-02-08T09:22:03","slug":"variable-types-in-python-how-about-clarifying-the-dynamics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/variable-types-in-python-how-about-clarifying-the-dynamics","title":{"rendered":"Variable types in Python: how about clarifying the dynamics?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"177766\" class=\"elementor elementor-177766\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0ce256 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"e0ce256\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b5fc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2b5fc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Python has recently established itself as one of the leading programming languages for Data Science: easy to learn for people with a statistician's background, well supplied with libraries, capable of anything, it's a faithful companion for the Data Scientist.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94cf629 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94cf629\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>However, it&#8217;s possible to do Data Science at a fairly high level without seeing all its particularities: how many Data Scientists use decorators? Is Python multi-threaded or multi-core?<\/p><p>So the other day, trying to answer the question of why the following code displays two different results,<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4892f1a e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"4892f1a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5722706 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5722706\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.12-1024x167.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2893\" alt=\"java\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.12-1024x167.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.12-300x49.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.12-768x125.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.12.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9c8f41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9c8f41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI came across <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pandas-dev\/pandas\/blob\/master\/pandas\/core\/series.py#L2083\">this.<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41424bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"41424bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"149\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.18-1024x191.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2894\" alt=\"java\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.18-1024x191.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.18-300x56.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.18-768x143.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.18.png 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60a185d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60a185d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For those who, like me, have already worked with Java, this may evoke memories (or even wounds), but for an inexperienced Python user, it may come as a surprise.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\ud83d\udca1Related articles:<\/p><table dir=\"ltr\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" data-sheets-root=\"1\"><colgroup><col width=\"656\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Matplotlib: Master Data Visualization in Python &quot;}\" data-sheets-hyperlink=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/matplotlib-master-data-visualization-in-python\"><a class=\"in-cell-link\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/matplotlib-master-data-visualization-in-python\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matplotlib: Master Data Visualization in Python <\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Python Crash Course: Get started &quot;}\" data-sheets-hyperlink=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/python-all-you-need-to-know\"><a class=\"in-cell-link\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/python-all-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Python Crash Course: Get started <\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Mastering Machine Learning in Python: Data-Driven Success &quot;}\" data-sheets-hyperlink=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/machine-learning-python-where-to-start\"><a class=\"in-cell-link\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/machine-learning-python-where-to-start\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mastering Machine Learning in Python: Data-Driven Success <\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Python Programming for Beginners - Episode 3&quot;}\" data-sheets-hyperlink=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/python-programming-for-beginners-episode-3\"><a class=\"in-cell-link\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/python-programming-for-beginners-episode-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Python Programming for Beginners &#8211; Episode 3<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Django: All about the Python web development framework&quot;}\" data-sheets-hyperlink=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/django-all-about-the-python-web-development-framework\"><a class=\"in-cell-link\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/django-all-about-the-python-web-development-framework\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Django: All about the Python web development framework<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b40b312 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b40b312\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dynamic typing vs. static typing<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d589d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38d589d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Python is a dynamically typed language, meaning you can change the type of a variable. A statically typed language, on the other hand, forces you to define the type of a variable and keep it for the life of the variable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fca53c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6fca53c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"66\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.26.16-1024x85.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2895\" alt=\"java\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.26.16-1024x85.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.26.16-300x25.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.26.16-768x64.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.26.16.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f20b234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f20b234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This obviously makes Python very easy to use, since you don&#8217;t need to specify the type of a variable in advance, and you can easily change it. <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/java-fundamentals-explained-jdk-jre-and-jvm\">But trying to do that with Java&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ee0c5b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"8ee0c5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34d266c e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"34d266c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f6f1b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1f6f1b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/volcan.gif\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2897\" alt=\"volcan explosion\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Me coding in Java - Allegory<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-276ecca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"276ecca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-149b286 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"149b286\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88178f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88178f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Python&#8217;s ease of use can also be a source of confusion.<\/p><p>If you don&#8217;t know exactly what type of variable a function can accept, you may find it difficult to read someone else&#8217;s code.<\/p><p>But one of the features offered by Python allows us to give the illusion of static typing: annotations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e38442 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e38442\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Annotations<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15f98a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15f98a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Python, you can use annotations to add information about the code you are writing. For example, I can write:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-affba46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"affba46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"127\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.28-1024x162.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2898\" alt=\"java\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.28-1024x162.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.28-300x48.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.28-768x122.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.28.png 1198w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30f9bb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30f9bb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>You can specify the nature of the arguments with these &#8220;:&#8221; and a string behind them, as well as the nature of the function&#8217;s output. These annotations can be accessed using:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb5df44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bb5df44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"47\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.32-1024x60.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2899\" alt=\"java\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.32-1024x60.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.32-300x17.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.32-768x45.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.32.png 1204w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8dd708 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8dd708\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>which refers:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ed302b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2ed302b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"41\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.38.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2900\" alt=\"java\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-991b68f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"991b68f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>However, I haven&#8217;t changed the internal structure of Python. Worse still, it&#8217;s useless.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0511eb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0511eb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"43\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.44-1024x55.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2901\" alt=\"java\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.44-1024x55.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.44-300x16.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.44-768x42.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.44.png 1184w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8423e43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8423e43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>and<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b49fb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2b49fb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.50-1024x92.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2902\" alt=\"java\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.50-1024x92.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.50-300x27.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.50-768x69.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.50.png 1202w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96819c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96819c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>work very well&#8230;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52ef53d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52ef53d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>So what&#8217;s going on? Apart from the (relative) aesthetic aspect, is it totally useless?<\/p><p>Well, yes and no&#8230;<\/p><p>Indeed, these annotations are only a means of obtaining information on the various arguments and outputs of your function, but the gain in clarity is not negligible when using the function.<\/p><p>In fact, when working with several people, or more simply when sharing code, it can be very useful to be able to precisely identify the arguments and outputs of a function you&#8217;re using.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8169af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b8169af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MyPy<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54cbaf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54cbaf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>But you can combine these annotations with another tool: MyPy. This is a library that hasn&#8217;t really understood how Python works and thinks that annotations are really type declarations.<\/p><p>It allows you to check that you&#8217;re doing things correctly&#8230; that you&#8217;re putting squares inside squares, circles inside circles and triangles inside triangles.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b31ada elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3b31ada\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.44.01-300x230.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2905\" alt=\"java\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.44.01-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/files\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.44.01.png 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Static typing,  circa 2 ans et demi, colorized\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-843df5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"843df5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The annotations should therefore be seen as an aid to development and code sharing, and MyPy as a guide to clean development. Admittedly, it doesn&#8217;t make much difference when you&#8217;re coding on a notebook and importing all your functions from sklearn or pandas. True, true static typing would speed up Python&#8217;s operation (since it would no longer need to infer the type of variables), but it can help you find your way around and debug too many lines of code.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b51d601 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b51d601\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>And even though I know that annotations are like good resolutions &#8211; you tell yourself you&#8217;re going to use them and two functions later, it&#8217;s forgotten &#8211; I at least wanted to tell you about my discovery.<\/p><p>Did you like this article? 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