{"id":184041,"date":"2024-04-15T02:15:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T01:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/?p=184041"},"modified":"2024-03-28T15:09:21","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T14:09:21","slug":"the-flocking-algorithm-or-the-simulation-of-collective-behaviour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/the-flocking-algorithm-or-the-simulation-of-collective-behaviour","title":{"rendered":"The Flocking Algorithm or the simulation of collective behaviour"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"184041\" class=\"elementor elementor-184041\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-413dbb1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"413dbb1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c24b45e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c24b45e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nature has so much to teach us. In fact, data scientists draw inspiration from it to simulate mass behaviour. How do they do this? Thanks to the flocking algorithm. Find out how this model works, what it can be used for and how it can be implemented using Python. <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1f1bc6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"c1f1bc6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34f595a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34f595a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is the flocking algorithm?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d482d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d482d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>flocking algorithm<\/strong> was first developed in 1987 by Craig Reynolds in his article &#8220;Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model&#8221;.<\/p><p>This is a computer model inspired by <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/meanshift-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-data-clustering-algorithm\">collective behaviour in nature.<\/a> In particular, birds in flight and schools of fish. By observing these species, Craig Reynolds discovered that it was possible to simulate collective behaviour within a group made up of autonomous entities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6a4051 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d6a4051\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">The 3 rules of the flocking algorithm<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce5acce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce5acce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>flocking algorithm<\/strong> begins with the observation of flocks of birds (called &#8216;boids&#8217; in Craig Reynolds&#8217; article). Even if they are following a set direction, the birds can suddenly change trajectory. And without even a leader directing the flock. Why this behaviour?<\/p><p>Because birds move according to rules of avoidance (or separation), alignment and coherence. And it is precisely on the basis of these 3 simple rules that we can recreate<strong> collective behaviour:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Cohesion:<\/strong> agents tend to move closer together. To form compact groups, they must move towards the average position of their neighbours, while respecting their average speed.<\/li><li><strong>Alignment:<\/strong> agents move in such a way as to align themselves with the average heading of their neighbours. This creates a coordinated movement within the group.<\/li><li><strong>Separation:<\/strong> by maintaining a certain distance from each other, they avoid collisions and the formation of dense clusters.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ac5da0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1ac5da0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/flocking-algorithm-three-rules.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87b708a elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"87b708a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-scientist-course\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Everything you need to know about flocking algorithms<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8438583 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8438583\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Modelling behaviour<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71c436e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71c436e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>By <strong>applying these three rules, we obtain a fluid grouping model<\/strong>. The group maintains a common trajectory. It almost merges into a single entity, even though it is made up of a multitude of mutually autonomous agents.<\/p><p>So for the <strong>flocking algorithm<\/strong> to work properly, each agent must be able to steer itself and be aware of its local environment (in particular its neighbours, the direction it is following and the distance).<\/p><p><strong>Good to know:<\/strong> The Flocking algorithm doesn&#8217;t just apply to groups of birds and schools of fish. It can be applied to any other species that behave socially in nature, such as bees, rats, etc. or even human beings. Which means it has a wide range of interesting applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dd0ff2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"0dd0ff2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fcbba5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fcbba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do I apply the flocking algorithm?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-578cc69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"578cc69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aimed at <strong>modelling complex dynamic systems<\/strong>, the flocking algorithm can be applied in a multitude of situations:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Video games:<\/strong> for non-player characters (such as a squadron, a crowd of zombies, etc.), <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/pygame-the-2d-video-game-creation-tool-in-python\">video game<\/a> designers often use the flocking algorithm. This enables their behaviour to be programmed to make the game coherent and realistic.<\/li><li><strong>Drones:<\/strong> thanks to the <em>flocking algorithm,<\/em> they can fly in a coordinated manner, avoiding collisions and adapting to changes in the environment in real time.<\/li><li><strong>Surveillance robots:<\/strong> they can patrol with coherent movements and maintain effective coverage.<\/li><li><strong>Autonomous delivery systems:<\/strong> the flocking algorithm facilitates parcel delivery by avoiding congestion and defining optimal routes.<\/li><li><strong>Road traffic simulation:<\/strong> local authorities can also use the flocking algorithm to improve traffic flow. By modelling vehicle behaviour through cohesion, alignment and separation rules, it is easier to avoid traffic jams.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f445ab7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f445ab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Whatever the field of application, the flocking algorithm brings to light complex behaviours arising from simple local interaction between agents.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c118a2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c118a2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/utilisation-flocking-algorithm.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccf22d elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5ccf22d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-scientist-course\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Mastering the flocking algorithm<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b413c51 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"b413c51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f86623 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f86623\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do you implement the flocking algorithm in Python?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52be2e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52be2e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To <strong>create a video game<\/strong> based on the flocking algorithm, you can already create a simulation with Python and Pygame. Here are the steps to follow:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Install Pygame:<\/strong> if it is not already installed, you can use Pip.<\/li><li><strong>Import the necessary modules:<\/strong> like Pygame, random and math.<\/li><li><strong>Initialise Pygame:<\/strong> you can do this using pygame.init().<\/li><li>Define the screen dimensions and colours.<\/li><li><strong>Define the flocking parameters:<\/strong> such as the number of entities, the maximum speed, the perception radius and the separation distance.<\/li><li><strong>Create the Entity class:<\/strong> this represents the entities in the simulation. For each entity, you must also define a position and a speed.<\/li><li><strong>Implement the entity behaviours:<\/strong> in the Entity class, update the position and velocity according to the positions and velocities of the neighbours.<\/li><li><strong>Wrap edges:<\/strong> implement a method for wrapping entities around the screen. When they reach an edge, they should reappear on the other side. <br \/>Calculate the distance between the entities.<\/li><li><strong>Create the herd:<\/strong> this is designed from a list of entities. At the beginning, it is possible to initialise the entities with random positions and speeds.<\/li><li><strong>Initialise the Pygame screen:<\/strong> with the dimensions specified beforehand.<\/li><li><strong>Set up a main loop:<\/strong> the one that will run the simulation. Within the loop, you must update the positions and speeds.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d236353 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"d236353\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad2e8bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad2e8bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Discover the flocking algorithm with DataScientest<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b79dea6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b79dea6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Because of its wide range of applications, the flocking algorithm is an essential data science model. But to master it, you need to know the basics of machine learning, <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/low-code-a-simple-programming-language-accessible-to-all\">programming languages<\/a>, databases and so on.<\/p><p>Hence the importance of taking a training course with DataScientest. At the end of your course, you will know how to implement a flocking algorithm to create video games or any other application requiring the simulation of collective behaviour.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7600cad elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7600cad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/formation-flocking-algorithm.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d61a8a2 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d61a8a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-scientist-course\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Register for our training course<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ee01e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9ee01e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"What is the flocking algorithm?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"This is a computer model inspired by collective behaviour in nature. 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What is the flocking algorithm? 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In fact, data scientists draw inspiration from it to simulate mass behaviour. How do they do this? 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