{"id":196495,"date":"2025-07-07T09:10:26","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T08:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/?p=196495"},"modified":"2025-07-07T09:10:27","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T08:10:27","slug":"handling-missing-values-in-sql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/handling-missing-values-in-sql","title":{"rendered":"Handling Missing Values in SQL: A Practical Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"196495\" class=\"elementor elementor-196495\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-479b276 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"479b276\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81581ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81581ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Missing values are one of the most common data quality issues. If not handled properly, they can bias your reports, skew insights, or hurt forecasting accuracy. In SQL, there are several ways to detect, interpret, and manage missing values depending on the context.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f37a2f7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"f37a2f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a66539 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a66539\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">\ud83d\udd0e Step 1: Identify Missing Values<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb83d68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb83d68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before you handle missing values, you must first understand how they are represented in your dataset. \u201cMissing\u201d does not always mean NULL \u2014 it can take many forms.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here are the most common types and how to detect them:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d33140c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d33140c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n.tg  {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}\r\n.tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Rubik, sans-serif;font-size:16px;\r\n  overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\r\n.tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Rubik, sans-serif;font-size:16px;\r\n  font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\r\n.tg .tg-5jfb{background-color:#CFE2F3;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}\r\n.tg .tg-j6nv{background-color:#073763;color:#FFF;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<table class=\"tg\" style=\"undefined;table-layout: fixed; width: 825px\"><colgroup>\r\n<col style=\"width: 125px\">\r\n<col style=\"width: 350px\">\r\n<col style=\"width: 350px\">\r\n<\/colgroup>\r\n<thead>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-j6nv\"><span style=\"font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#FFF;background-color:transparent\">Type<\/span><\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-j6nv\"><span style=\"font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#FFF;background-color:transparent\">Meaning<\/span><\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-j6nv\"><span style=\"font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#FFF;background-color:transparent\">Detection in SQL<\/span><\/th>\r\n  <\/tr><\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">NULL<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Official SQL representation of a missing value<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">WHERE column IS NULL<\/span><\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Empty String<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Value is an empty pair of quotes ('')<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">WHERE column = ''<\/span><\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Blank Space<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">User input contains only spaces<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">WHERE TRIM(column) = ''<\/span><\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Zero (0)<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">May represent missing in some numeric fields<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">WHERE column = 0<\/span><\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Textual \u201cmissing\u201d<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Non-standard representations like 'N\/A', 'unknown', etc.<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">WHERE LOWER(column) IN ('n\/a', 'unknown', 'missing', 'null', '-')<\/span><\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody><\/table>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55bb4a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55bb4a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udca1 <em>Tip: Standardize the representations when possible, especially before ingestion if you control upstream data.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b45d79 elementor-align-center button-principal elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0b45d79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-analyst-course\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn SQL for Data Science<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d8205d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"3d8205d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa96ae8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa96ae8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">\ud83d\udee0 Step 2: Manage Missing Values<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb20e20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb20e20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine you are working with a customer table like this:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9527128 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9527128\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n.tg  {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}\r\n.tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Rubik, sans-serif;font-size:16px;\r\n  overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\r\n.tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:rubik, sans-serif;font-size:16px;\r\n  font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\r\n.tg .tg-5jfb{background-color:#CFE2F3;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}\r\n.tg .tg-j6nv{background-color:#073763;color:#FFF;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<table class=\"tg\" style=\"undefined;table-layout: fixed; width: 800px\"><colgroup>\r\n<col style=\"width: 125px\">\r\n<col style=\"width: 115px\">\r\n<col style=\"width: 115px\">\r\n<col style=\"width: 150px\">\r\n<col style=\"width: 150px\">\r\n<col style=\"width: 145px\">\r\n<\/colgroup>\r\n<thead>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-j6nv\"><span style=\"font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#FFF;background-color:transparent\">customer_id<\/span><\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-j6nv\"><span style=\"font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#FFF;background-color:transparent\">first_name<\/span><\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-j6nv\"><span style=\"font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#FFF;background-color:transparent\">last_name<\/span><\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-j6nv\"><span style=\"font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#FFF;background-color:transparent\">email<\/span><\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-j6nv\"><span style=\"font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#FFF;background-color:transparent\">email_verified<\/span><\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-j6nv\"><span style=\"font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#FFF;background-color:transparent\">phone_number<\/span><\/th>\r\n  <\/tr><\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">101<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">John<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Doe<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">john@email.com<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Y<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">0912...<\/span><\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">102<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Jane<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Smith<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">NULL<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">NULL<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">0933...<\/span><\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">103<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Mike<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">Lee<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">''<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><span style=\"font-weight:400;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:#000;background-color:transparent\">N<\/span><\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-5jfb\"><\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody><\/table>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3972988 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3972988\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You are planning an email campaign where each email costs money, so you want to avoid sending to people with unverified or missing email addresses.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c5419 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63c5419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u2705 Option 1: Exclude Missing or Unverified Emails<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f9b824 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f9b824\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you only want to send to users with a verified email (Y), you can write:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a61baf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a61baf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT *<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM customers<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE LOWER(email_verified) = 'y'<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0AND email IS NOT NULL<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0AND TRIM(email) &lt;&gt; '';<\/span><\/pre>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f02556 elementor-align-center button-principal elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6f02556\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-analyst-course\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn to manage missing values in SQL<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2f01a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1d2f01a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\ud83d\udd04 Option 2: Use COALESCE to Substitute Missing Info<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de28335 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de28335\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Normally, you would only trust customers with email_verified = &#8216;Y&#8217;. But based on internal logic, you decide to treat email addresses as valid if the customer has a phone number, even if the email_verified column is missing or marked as &#8216;N&#8217;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can implement this logic using a combination of CASE WHEN and COALESCE:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0919059 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0919059\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT customer_id, email<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM (<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0SELECT customer_id,<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0email,<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CASE\u00a0<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0WHEN LOWER(email_verified) = 'y' THEN 'Y'<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0WHEN COALESCE(TRIM(phone_number), '') &lt;&gt; '' THEN 'Y'<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0ELSE 'N'<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0END AS email_verified_updated<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0FROM customers<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) AS t<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE email_verified_updated = 'Y'<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0AND COALESCE(TRIM(email), '') &lt;&gt; '';<\/span><\/pre>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce81882 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"ce81882\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43caa8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"43caa8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">\u26a0\ufe0f Important Considerations<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-785ab5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"785ab5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Know your data: Missing values can appear in different formats. Explore your data before applying filters or replacements.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not blindly drop rows: Excluding missing data without evaluating its impact can lead to biased results or missed opportunities (e.g., important customers).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Communicate with stakeholders: Align on what counts as \u201cmissing\u201d and push for upstream data validation to avoid recurring issues.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Document your rules: Your logic for handling missing values should be transparent and reproducible.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61fbc3f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"61fbc3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ecce43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ecce43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">\u2705 Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3348859 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3348859\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Handling missing values in <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/sql-tutorial-top-5-most-useful-methods\">SQL<\/a> is not just about cleaning data \u2014 it is about making smart, context-aware decisions that <strong>preserve insight quality<\/strong> and business impact. Whether you are identifying true NULLs, interpreting unconventional missing markers, or applying business logic to fill gaps, the key is to approach the task intentionally.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Remember:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Explore first<\/strong> \u2014 understand how missing values are represented in your dataset.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Act selectively<\/strong> \u2014 not all missing values should be removed; some may be handled through logic.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Think practically<\/strong> \u2014 missing values often reflect real-world constraints, so align with stakeholders on how to interpret and treat them.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0042cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0042cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By thoughtfully identifying and managing missing values, you will build analyses that are not only cleaner, but also more trustworthy and actionable.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7910657 elementor-align-center button-principal elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7910657\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/data-analyst-course\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn to handle missing values in SQL<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d371e68 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"d371e68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d3754b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3d3754b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Step 1: Identify Missing Values\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Before you handle missing values, you must first understand how they are represented in your dataset. \u201cMissing\u201d does not always mean NULL \u2014 it can take many forms.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Step 2: Manage Missing Values\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Imagine you are working with a customer table like this:\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Option 1: Exclude Missing or Unverified Emails\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"If you only want to send to users with a verified email (Y), you can write:\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Option 2: Use COALESCE to Substitute Missing Info\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Normally, you would only trust customers with email_verified = 'Y'. 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In SQL, there are several ways to detect, interpret, and manage missing values depending on the context. \ud83d\udd0e Step 1: Identify Missing Values Before you handle missing values, you [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99,"featured_media":196496,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2425],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Handling Missing Values in SQL: A Practical Guide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to detect, interpret, and manage missing values in SQL to prevent biased reports, improve data quality, and make your analyses more accurate and reliable.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/en\/handling-missing-values-in-sql\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Handling Missing Values in SQL: A Practical Guide\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Missing values are one of the most common data quality issues. 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