{"id":103849,"date":"2020-09-28T17:15:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T16:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=103849"},"modified":"2024-11-20T16:08:03","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T16:08:03","slug":"deep-learning-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/deep-learning-definition","title":{"rendered":"Deep Learning ou Apprentissage Profond : qu&rsquo;est-ce que c&rsquo;est ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"103849\" class=\"elementor elementor-103849\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e7481f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1e7481f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81091d0\" data-id=\"81091d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8582c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8582c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Cet article est le premier d\u2019une s\u00e9rie consacr\u00e9e au\u00a0Deep Learning\u00a0: Apr\u00e8s avoir pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans les grandes lignes le\u00a0fonctionnement\u00a0et les\u00a0applications des r\u00e9seaux de neurones, vous d\u00e9couvrirez\u00a0plus en d\u00e9tails\u00a0\u00a0dans les articles suivants les\u00a0principaux types de r\u00e9seaux et leurs architectures, ainsi que des\u00a0m\u00e9thodes et divers exemples d\u2019applications du Deep Learning\u00a0aujourd\u2019hui. D\u00e9marrons sans plus tarder notre Introduction au Deep Learning.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0dddf2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0dddf2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-091fafa\" data-id=\"091fafa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcc389c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fcc389c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les concepts cl\u00e9s : IA, Machine Learning, et Deep Learning<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42128f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42128f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f389446 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f389446\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\"><div class=\"elementor-row\"><div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82134bf\" data-id=\"82134bf\" data-element_type=\"column\"><div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\"><div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7d6ce9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7d6ce9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, un nouveau lexique li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de l\u2019<b>intelligence artificiell<\/b><strong>e<\/strong>\u00a0dans notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 inonde les articles scientifiques, et il est parfois difficile de comprendre de quoi il s\u2019agit.\u00a0Lorsqu\u2019on parle d\u2019<b>intelligence artificielle<\/b>, on fait tr\u00e8s souvent l\u2019allusion aux technologies associ\u00e9es comme le\u00a0<b>Machine learning<\/b>\u00a0ou le\u00a0<b>Deep learning<\/b>. Deux termes extr\u00eamement utilis\u00e9s avec des applications toujours plus nombreuses, mais pas toujours bien d\u00e9finis.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pour commencer, revenons sur ces trois d\u00e9finitions essentielles :\u00a0 <\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/intelligence-artificielle-definition\">L\u2019intelligence artificielle<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>: c\u2019est un champ de recherche qui regroupe l\u2019ensemble des techniques et m\u00e9thodes\u00a0qui tendent \u00e0\u00a0comprendre et reproduire le fonctionnement d\u2019un cerveau humain.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machine-learning-tout-savoir\">Le Machine Learning<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0: c\u2019est un ensemble de techniques donnant la\u00a0capacit\u00e9 aux machines d\u2019apprendre automatiquement\u00a0un ensemble de r\u00e8gles \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es. Contrairement \u00e0 la\u00a0programmation\u00a0qui consiste en l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de\u00a0r\u00e8gles pr\u00e9d\u00e9termin\u00e9es.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Le Deep Learning\u00a0ou\u00a0apprentissage profond<\/strong>\u00a0: c\u2019est une\u00a0technique de machine learning\u00a0reposant sur le mod\u00e8le des\u00a0r\u00e9seaux neurones: des dizaines voire des centaines de\u00a0couches de neurones\u00a0sont\u00a0empil\u00e9es\u00a0pour apporter une plus grande\u00a0complexit\u00e9\u00a0\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des r\u00e8gles.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60c305b elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"60c305b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-deep-learning\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Se former en Deep Learning<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26f6602 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"26f6602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Machine Learning : Apprentissage supervis\u00e9 et non supervis\u00e9<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec18ee8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec18ee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f389446 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f389446\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\"><div class=\"elementor-row\"><div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82134bf\" data-id=\"82134bf\" data-element_type=\"column\"><div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\"><div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7d6ce9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7d6ce9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Le <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machine-learning-tout-savoir\">Machi<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machine-learning-tout-savoir\">ne<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machine-learning-tout-savoir\"> Learning<\/a> est un ensemble de techniques donnant la\u00a0<b>capacit\u00e9 aux machines d\u2019apprendre<\/b>, contrairement \u00e0 la programmation qui consiste en l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de r\u00e8gles pr\u00e9d\u00e9termin\u00e9es.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Il existe deux principaux types d\u2019apprentissages en Machine Learning. L\u2019apprentissage supervis\u00e9 et non supervis\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">En\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/apprentissage-supervise\">apprentissage supervis\u00e9<\/a>,\u00a0<b>l\u2019algorithme est guid\u00e9<\/b>\u00a0avec des\u00a0<b>connaissances pr\u00e9alables<\/b>\u00a0de ce que devraient \u00eatre les\u00a0<b>valeurs de sortie du mod\u00e8le<\/b>. Par cons\u00e9quent, le mod\u00e8le ajuste ses param\u00e8tres de fa\u00e7on \u00e0\u00a0<b>diminuer l\u2019\u00e9cart entre les r\u00e9sultats obtenus et les r\u00e9sultats attendus<\/b>. La marge d\u2019erreur se r\u00e9duit ainsi au fil des entra\u00eenements du mod\u00e8le, afin d\u2019\u00eatre capable de l\u2019appliquer \u00e0 de nouveaux cas.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3df8a1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3df8a1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/DL-1.gif\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-104309\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Convergence d'un mod\u00e8le - Apprentissage supervis\u00e9<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e50a74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e50a74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">En revanche, <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/apprentissage-non-supervise\">l\u2019apprentissage<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/apprentissage-non-supervise\"> non<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/apprentissage-non-supervise\"> supervis\u00e9<\/a> n\u2019utilise pas de donn\u00e9es \u00e9tiquet\u00e9es. Il est alors impossible \u00e0 l\u2019algorithme de calculer de fa\u00e7on certaine un score de r\u00e9ussite. Son objectif est donc de d\u00e9duire les regroupements pr\u00e9sents dans nos donn\u00e9es. Prenons l\u2019exemple, d\u2019un jeu de donn\u00e9es de fleurs, on recherche \u00e0 les regrouper en classes. Ici, nous ne connaissons pas l\u2019esp\u00e8ce de la plante, mais nous voulons essayer de les regrouper, par exemple, si les formes des fleurs sont similaire alors elles sont en rapport avec une m\u00eame plante correspondante.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Il existe deux principaux domaines de mod\u00e8les dans l\u2019apprentissage non-supervis\u00e9es pour retrouver les regroupements :<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Les m\u00e9thodes par partitionnement : les algorithmes des <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/algorithme-des-k-means\">k-means<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Les m\u00e9thodes de regroupement hi\u00e9rarchique : <strong>classification ascendante hi\u00e9rarchique (CAH)<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e9a96e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9e9a96e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/DL-2.gif.pagespeed.ce_.sPGY6AGTSh.gif\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-104310\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">K-means avec k=3<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b286919 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b286919\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-deep-learning\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Maitriser le Deep Learning<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ca3238 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ca3238\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c93642\" data-id=\"4c93642\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e72f615 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e72f615\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu'est-ce que le Deep Learning ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f0ae82 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"6f0ae82\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9892eea e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"9892eea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df88565 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"df88565\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-165a7aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"165a7aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=G7WxP0dcPC8&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;lazy_load&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center center;object-position:center center}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ad930 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"51ad930\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82b6d31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"82b6d31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/QUEST_CE_QUE_LE_DEEP_LEARNING_LINKEDIN.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-146956\" alt=\"Deep Learning\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/QUEST_CE_QUE_LE_DEEP_LEARNING_LINKEDIN.png 1920w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/QUEST_CE_QUE_LE_DEEP_LEARNING_LINKEDIN-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/QUEST_CE_QUE_LE_DEEP_LEARNING_LINKEDIN-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/QUEST_CE_QUE_LE_DEEP_LEARNING_LINKEDIN-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/QUEST_CE_QUE_LE_DEEP_LEARNING_LINKEDIN-1536x864.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-612200e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"612200e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Le\u00a0<b>Deep learning\u00a0 ou\u00a0apprentissage profond<\/b>\u00a0est l\u2019une des technologies principales du\u00a0<b>Machine learning<\/b>. Avec le Deep Learning, nous parlons d\u2019<b>algorithmes capables de mimer les actions du cerveau humain<\/b>\u00a0<b>gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des\u00a0r\u00e9seaux de neurones artificielles<\/b>.\u00a0 Les r\u00e9seaux sont compos\u00e9s de dizaines voire de centaines de \u00ab\u2009couches\u2009\u00bb de neurones, chacune recevant et interpr\u00e9tant les informations de la couche pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente.<\/span><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DL3-1024x614.gif\" alt=\"r\u00e9seau de couches\" width=\"394\" height=\"214\" \/>\u00a0<\/p><p>source : Medium.com<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chaque neurone artificiel repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans l\u2019image pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente par un rond, peut \u00eatre vu comme un\u00a0<b>mod\u00e8le lin\u00e9aire<\/b>. En interconnectant les neurones sous forme de couche, nous transformons notre r\u00e9seau de neurones en un\u00a0<b>mod\u00e8le non-lin\u00e9aire tr\u00e8s complexe<\/b>.<\/span><\/p><figure style=\"width: 859px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DL4.png\" alt=\"dessin illustrant la diff\u00e9rence entre le mod\u00e8le lin\u00e9aire et non lin\u00e9aire\" width=\"859\" height=\"442\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">source : Machine Learnia<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pour illustrer le concept, prenons un probl\u00e8me de classification entre chien et chat \u00e0 partir d\u2019image.\u00a0<b>Lors de l\u2019apprentissage, l\u2019algorithme va ajuster les poids des neurones de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 diminuer l\u2019\u00e9cart entre les r\u00e9sultats obtenus et les r\u00e9sultats attendus.<\/b>\u00a0Le mod\u00e8le pourra apprendre \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter les triangles dans une image puisque les chats ont des oreilles beaucoup plus triangulaires que les chiens.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0432461 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0432461\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a7c54c\" data-id=\"4a7c54c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-264f70e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"264f70e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A quoi sert le Deep Learning ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b458fd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"8b458fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aec2d29 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"aec2d29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8596174 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"8596174\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e2a226 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"1e2a226\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/DazUaVu5MO0?si=TQkz66wmLze9bBk4&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;lazy_load&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78d84d4 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"78d84d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad6b11c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad6b11c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Les\u00a0<b>mod\u00e8les de Deep learning<\/b>\u00a0ont tendance \u00e0\u00a0<b>bien fonctionner avec une grande quantit\u00e9 de donn\u00e9es\u00a0<\/b>alors que les mod\u00e8les d\u2019apprentissage automatique plus classique cessent de s\u2019am\u00e9liorer apr\u00e8s un point de saturation.<\/span><\/p><center><figure style=\"width: 805px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DL5.png\" alt=\"\u00e0 quoi sert le Deep Learning ?\" width=\"805\" height=\"581\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">source : Medium.com<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/center><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Au fil des ann\u00e9es, avec l\u2019<b>\u00e9mergence du big data<\/b>\u00a0et de composants informatiques de plus en plus puissant, les algorithmes de Deep Learning gourmands en puissance et en donn\u00e9es ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 la plupart des autres m\u00e9thodes.\u00a0<b>Ils semblent \u00eatre pr\u00eat \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre bien des probl\u00e8mes\u00a0: reconna\u00eetre des visages, vaincre des joueurs de go ou de poker, permettre la conduite de voitures autonomes ou encore la recherche de cellules canc\u00e9reuses.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d708d36 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d708d36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-deep-learning\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Se former en Deep Learning<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d226648 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d226648\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fe0fa8e\" data-id=\"fe0fa8e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98eb99f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"98eb99f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'IA dans le monde professionnel<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-092ac09 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"092ac09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2717ba2 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"2717ba2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a9f7ac e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"4a9f7ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3c26f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"d3c26f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=Iv-CcE_iRbg&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;lazy_load&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43b2291 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"43b2291\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9e1cf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9e1cf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Presque toutes les industries sont affect\u00e9es par l\u2019IA. Le Machine learning et le Deep Learning y jouent un grand r\u00f4le.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Que vous soyez un professionnel de la sant\u00e9 ou un avocat, il est possible qu\u2019un jour un mod\u00e8le hautement autonome vous assiste ou m\u00eame vous remplace.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dans les\u00a0<b>m\u00e9tiers de la sant\u00e9<\/b>, il existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 des applications pour\u00a0<b>automatiquement diagnostiquer un patient<\/b>.<\/span>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<figure style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DL6-1024x654.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00e9tection automatique d'une fracture \u00e0 l'aide du Deep Learning\" width=\"1024\" height=\"654\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">D\u00e9tection automatique d&rsquo;une fracture \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide du Deep Learning<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Les\u00a0<b>m\u00e9tiers de l\u2019automobile<\/b>\u00a0sont \u00e9galement bouscul\u00e9s avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9 de la\u00a0<b>conduite assist\u00e9e<\/b>.<\/span>\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DL7.gif\" alt=\"deep learning\" \/>\n\n<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f2ad47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f2ad47\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b98eee\" data-id=\"7b98eee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08270dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08270dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u2019est aussi gr\u00e2ce au\u00a0deep Learning\u00a0que le\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/deepmind.com\/research\/case-studies\/alphago-the-story-so-far\">mod\u00e8le\u00a0Alpha Go\u00a0de Google<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0\u00a0<b>battre les meilleurs champion de Go en 2016<\/b>. Le moteur de recherche du g\u00e9ant am\u00e9ricain est lui-m\u00eame de plus en plus bas\u00e9 sur l\u2019apprentissage par\u00a0deep Learning\u00a0plut\u00f4t que sur des r\u00e8gles \u00e9crites.<\/span>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section><section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-820c70f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"820c70f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81245fc\" data-id=\"81245fc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8716174 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8716174\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aujourd\u2019hui le\u00a0deep Learning\u00a0est m\u00eame capable de \u00ab\u2009cr\u00e9er\u2009\u00bb tout seul des tableaux de peintre. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle le\u00a0<b>Style Transfer<\/b>. Si ce sujet vous int\u00e9resse, un article enti\u00e8rement consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 ce th\u00e8me arrive bient\u00f4t sur notre blog !\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<figure style=\"width: 512px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/DL8.jpg\" alt=\"style transfer deep learning\" width=\"512\" height=\"305\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transfert de style<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">Dans la suite, nous allons vous\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/deep-learning-reseau-de-neurones-biologiques-ou-artificiels\">pr\u00e9senter les r\u00e9seaux de neurones avec une approche in\u00e9dite<\/a>, on esp\u00e8re que \u00e7a vous plaira !\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-452aaf2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"452aaf2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cee98a3\" data-id=\"cee98a3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-577fab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"577fab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le Deep Learning comme solution dans le e-commerce<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb8c644 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb8c644\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Il est \u00e9vident que le secteur du commerce \u00e9lectronique g\u00e9n\u00e8re de grandes quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es. Les entreprises, les commer\u00e7ants et les distributeurs sont conscients que les solutions de Big Data pour g\u00e9rer leurs op\u00e9rations rendront leur activit\u00e9 plus pr\u00e9cieuse. Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019irruption de toutes ces solutions innovantes, le Big Data peut repr\u00e9senter une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction ou une mal\u00e9diction, selon la fa\u00e7on dont il est utilis\u00e9 et appliqu\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">La r\u00e9volution de l\u2019intelligence artificielle vise \u00e0 faciliter la gestion de cette \u00e9norme quantit\u00e9 de donn\u00e9es, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des technologies intelligentes comme le Deep learning. Elle est essentielle, car elle fournit des \u00e9l\u00e9ments pour une meilleure analyse des donn\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dans un cas pratique, l\u2019analyse par l\u2019IA permet \u00e0 une boutique en ligne de proposer plus facilement des produits int\u00e9ressants \u00e0 ses clients, de mettre en \u00e9vidence leurs pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences et de leur apporter une attention personnalis\u00e9e. Pour ce faire, le Deep learning automatise ce que l\u2019on appelle l\u2019analyse pr\u00e9dictive. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette derni\u00e8re, les clients peuvent recevoir des suggestions lors d\u2019un achat.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L\u2019apprentissage profond d\u00e9finit un style lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de faire du commerce \u00e9lectronique. En effet, il ne s\u2019agit pas de cr\u00e9er des sites en ligne qui attirent de grandes proportions d\u2019acheteurs. L\u2019objectif est d\u2019envoyer des\u00a0<strong>messages clairs et individualis\u00e9s<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e0 chacun d\u2019eux.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Le Big Data est soumis \u00e0 une analyse approfondie gr\u00e2ce au Deep learning, ce qui conduit \u00e0 faciliter le processus d\u2019achat des clients. Les algorithmes d\u2019apprentissage en profondeur aident l\u2019entreprise \u00e0 obtenir une meilleure exp\u00e9rience et \u00e0 garder une trace de ceux qui ont visit\u00e9 son site.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L\u2019apprentissage profond arrive pour faciliter l\u2019expansion du commerce \u00e9lectronique. Les ventes en ligne sont stimul\u00e9es par les tendances technologiques telles que les chatbots.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">D\u2019une certaine mani\u00e8re, le Deep Learning red\u00e9finit le commerce en ligne et on n\u2019est qu\u2019aux balbutiements. Par cons\u00e9quent, ceux qui l\u2019adoptent auront plus d\u2019avantages.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ed33f81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ed33f81\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d3ba5e\" data-id=\"8d3ba5e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ce244a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ce244a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Deep Learning et r\u00e9seaux de neurones : biologiques ou artificiels ? M\u00eame combat<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53ebd6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53ebd6a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e2ee35\" data-id=\"6e2ee35\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc3cd9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc3cd9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avant de s\u2019attaquer au fonctionnement pr\u00e9cis des r\u00e9seaux de neurones, on s\u2019est dit qu\u2019il serait int\u00e9ressant de faire un <b>parall\u00e8le avec les neurones biologiques<\/b> .\u00a0<\/p><p>(Pas de panique, un article d\u00e9di\u00e9 aux r\u00e9seaux de neurones utilis\u00e9s en Deep Learning suivra )<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f23e25d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f23e25d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e50513c\" data-id=\"e50513c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d97ae51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d97ae51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\nbody.elementor-page .elementor-widget-menu-anchor{margin-bottom:0}<\/style>\t\t<div id=\"structureneurone\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b05a2d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b05a2d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neurone Biologique : Structure et r\u00f4le <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6b278e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6b278e6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dfa0b0b\" data-id=\"dfa0b0b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c13426e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c13426e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le\u00a0<b>syst\u00e8me nerveux<\/b>\u00a0est\u00a0<b>compos\u00e9 de milliards de cellules<\/b>\u00a0: c\u2019est un\u00a0<b>r\u00e9seau de neurones biologiques<\/b>. En effet,\u00a0<b>les neurones ne sont pas ind\u00e9pendants<\/b>\u00a0les uns des autres, ils \u00e9tablissent entre eux des\u00a0<b>liaisons<\/b>\u00a0et\u00a0<b>forment des r\u00e9seaux plus ou moins complexes<\/b>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c622d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c622d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Le neurone biologique est compos\u00e9 de trois parties principales :<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le <\/span><b>corps cellulaire <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compos\u00e9 du <\/span><b>centre de contr\u00f4le<\/b> <b>traitant les informations <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">re\u00e7ues par les dendrites.<\/span><\/li><li>Les <b>dendrites<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sont les principaux <\/span><b>fils conducteurs <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">par lesquels <\/span><b>transitent l&rsquo;information<\/b><b style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> venue de l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li>L<b>\u2019axone<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est fil conducteur qui <\/span><b>conduit le signal de sortie du corps cellulaire vers d\u2019autres neurones<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-baab2ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"baab2ac\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-958302d\" data-id=\"958302d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-194c346 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"194c346\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/Schema-dun-neurone_fig1_280792237\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Schema-dun-neurone.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3652\" alt=\"neurone\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Schema-dun-neurone.png 850w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Schema-dun-neurone-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Schema-dun-neurone-768x459.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Source : Research Gate<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dff1c32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dff1c32\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-799c01e\" data-id=\"799c01e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ffd873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ffd873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quant aux <\/span><b>synapses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, elles font<\/span><b> effet de liaison et de pond\u00e9ration entre neurones<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et permettent donc aux neurones de communiquer entre eux.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-90f0c8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"90f0c8a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8791b13\" data-id=\"8791b13\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c3fead elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7c3fead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/studdy.in\/what-happens-at-the-synapse-between-two-neurons\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"586\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.32.51.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3659\" alt=\"neurones biologique\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.32.51.png 586w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.32.51-300x221.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 586px) 100vw, 586px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Source : Studdy<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f99bf45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f99bf45\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-312d434\" data-id=\"312d434\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ce94b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"0ce94b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"lienneurones\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a686eed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a686eed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quel est le lien entre les neurones biologiques et neurones artificiels ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-402fa03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"402fa03\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f303ecf\" data-id=\"f303ecf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b80d0a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b80d0a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>En r\u00e9sum\u00e9\u00a0:<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les <\/span><b>neurones biologiques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> disposent d\u2019un <\/span><b>centre de contr\u00f4le<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (appel\u00e9 cellule somatique) faisant la <\/span><b>somme des informations recueillies par les dendrites<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ensuite, le centre de contr\u00f4le <\/span><b>retourne un potentiel d\u2019action<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> en suivant les r\u00e8gles suivantes\u00a0:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si la somme en entr\u00e9e ne d\u00e9passe pas le <\/span><b>seuil d\u2019excitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0: pas de message nerveux via l\u2019axone.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si la somme en entr\u00e9e d\u00e9passe le seuil d\u2019excitation\u00a0: un <\/span><b>message nerveux<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est \u00e9mis via l\u2019axone (c\u2019est l\u2019id\u00e9e, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 un peu plus compliqu\u00e9).<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f507f92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f507f92\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7308624\" data-id=\"7308624\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45825d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45825d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proc\u00e9dons \u00e0 une comparaison simple des \u00e9tapes principales de l\u2019<\/span><b>algorithme du perceptron <\/b>avec les <b>\u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs<\/b> des neurones biologiques<b>. <\/b>Ce <b>choix d&rsquo;algorithme<\/b> se justifie<b>\u00a0<\/b>car il\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>se rapproche au mieux du fonctionnement des neurones biologiques<\/strong>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les <\/span><b>synapses\/dendrites\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>pond\u00e9ration de chaque \u00e9l\u00e9ment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> en entr\u00e9e <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">w<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; vertical-align: -0.171ex; display: inline-block; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; width: 1.034ex; height: 1.176ex;\" src=\"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/6db7ee9d0e42ec5a541d8e771e19bace05b0cb7d\" alt=\"{\\displaystyle \\cdot \\,}\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>x<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i<\/span><\/li><li><b>Corps cellulaires<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0: <\/span><b>application d&rsquo;une fonction d\u2019activation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> f \u00e0 la somme des entr\u00e9es pond\u00e9r\u00e9es<\/span><\/li><li><b>Axone<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0: <\/span><b>sortie<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de notre mod\u00e8le<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-509810f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"509810f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7821b9e\" data-id=\"7821b9e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cdc194 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8cdc194\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"574\" height=\"126\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.16.08.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3656\" alt=\"formule\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.16.08.png 574w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.16.08-300x66.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1432aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a1432aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"249\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/content_content_neuron.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3655\" alt=\"neuron\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/content_content_neuron.png 800w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/content_content_neuron-300x93.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/content_content_neuron-768x239.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Source : Datacamp<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-11aa132 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"11aa132\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b259a86\" data-id=\"b259a86\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0509634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0509634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le vocabulaire sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 cet algorithme est le suivant :<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le <\/span><b>vecteur\u00a0<\/b><b>w<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">porte le nom de<\/span><b>\u00a0vecteur de poids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(qui s\u2019ajuste lors de l\u2019entra\u00eenement).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le<\/span><b> vecteur\u00a0<\/b><b>x<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 porte le nom de\u00a0<\/span><b>vecteur d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">f<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> porte le nom de <\/span><b>fonction d\u2019activation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour la plupart des fonctions d\u2019activations, le perceptron consiste \u00e0 trouver l\u2019hyperplan s\u00e9parateur (d\u00e9finie par w) entre nos deux classes :<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c53e0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c53e0f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-170363c\" data-id=\"170363c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2650b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f2650b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/web.cs.toronto.edu\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"676\" height=\"616\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.17.07.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3657\" alt=\"algorithme de Perceptron\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.17.07.png 676w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.17.07-300x273.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Source: Computer Science University of Toronto<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca950b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ca950b4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1b32da\" data-id=\"f1b32da\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69fa70a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69fa70a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;algorithme de Perceptron simple n&rsquo;est plus utilis\u00e9 en pratique puisque d\u2019autres algorithmes comme le<\/span><b> Support Vector Machine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sont bien plus performants. De m\u00eame, les neurones biologiques ne sont pas utilis\u00e9s individuellement, ils sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement reli\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u2019autres neurones.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cd61b0c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cd61b0c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f865743\" data-id=\"f865743\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb510bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cb510bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9seau_de_neurones_(biologie)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"528\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/500px-Neurons_big1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3654\" alt=\"neurons\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/500px-Neurons_big1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/500px-Neurons_big1-284x300.jpg 284w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Source : Wikip\u00e9dia<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3baa768 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3baa768\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-deep-learning\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Se former en Deep Learning<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-29354e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"29354e1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51a33d2\" data-id=\"51a33d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d7769c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d7769c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat de l&rsquo;<\/span><b>algorithme du Perceptron<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> vient d&rsquo;une technique d\u00e9montr\u00e9e en 1989 par George Cybenko qui consiste \u00e0 <\/span><b>lier et empiler des couches de perceptron <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour apporter une plus grande complexit\u00e9. Un algorithme de ce type s&rsquo;appelle\u00a0<\/span><b>Perceptron Multicouche<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(Multilayer Perceptron\u00a0en anglais), souvent abr\u00e9g\u00e9 par l&rsquo;acronyme\u00a0MLP.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee7b6c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee7b6c7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e59f2ac\" data-id=\"e59f2ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bf9e28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4bf9e28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1178\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.18.36.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3658\" alt=\"Perceptron Multicouche\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.18.36.png 1178w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.18.36-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.18.36-1024x454.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-06-12-a\u0300-13.18.36-768x340.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1178px) 100vw, 1178px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3d84d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3d84d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-699fe66\" data-id=\"699fe66\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b674050 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b674050\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans la figure pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, le mod\u00e8le consiste \u00e0 <\/span><b>classifier (en 10 classes) des images de chiffres manuscrits. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les carr\u00e9s verts sont les entr\u00e9es de notre mod\u00e8le, les perceptrons sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par des ronds gris et les liaisons sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par les fl\u00e8ches.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, <\/span><b>la derni\u00e8re couche de notre mod\u00e8le<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> permet de<\/span><b> mettre en forme le r\u00e9sultat souhait\u00e9<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ici, comme nous avons un <\/span><b>probl\u00e8me de classification<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, nous recherchons alors \u00e0<\/span><b> pr\u00e9dire la probabilit\u00e9 de chaque classe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (chiffre 0, chiffre 1 \u2026). C\u2019est pour cet raison que la derni\u00e8re couche poss\u00e8de 10 neurones puisqu\u2019il y a 10 classes, et une<\/span><b> fonction d\u2019activation \u00ab\u00a0softmax\u00a0\u00bb <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">permettant de<\/span><b> retourner une probabilit\u00e9<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u2019est beaucoup plus libre pour les autres couches de notre mod\u00e8le, il est surtout tr\u00e8s important que <\/span><b>les fonctions d&rsquo;activations des perceptrons soient non-lin\u00e9aires pour complexifier son mod\u00e8le<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. En pratique, les fonctions d\u2019activations\u00a0tanh\u00a0ou\u00a0ReLU sont les plus utilis\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comme dans les LEGO, c\u2019est au Data Scientist de choisir l\u2019architecture de son mod\u00e8le.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b5029a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0b5029a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.freelug.org\/spip.php?breve182\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pile21-14749-a6581-e3a3f.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3653\" alt=\"Perceptron lego\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pile21-14749-a6581-e3a3f.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pile21-14749-a6581-e3a3f-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Source : Freelug<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4562003 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4562003\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2dc322\" data-id=\"b2dc322\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c35dee6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c35dee6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il existe des architectures plus performante que d\u2019autre, mais il n\u2019y a pas vraiment de r\u00e8gle math\u00e9matique derri\u00e8re. C\u2019est l\u2019exp\u00e9rience qui prime sur le choix des structures de mod\u00e8le.<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672f663 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"672f663\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58c27d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58c27d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Article 1 :<\/strong> Introduction au Deep Learning et aux r\u00e9seaux de neurones<\/p><p><strong>Article 2 :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/convolutional-neural-network\">Convolutional Neural Network<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Article 3 :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/fonctionnement-des-reseaux-neurones\">Fonctionnement des r\u00e9seaux de neurones<\/a>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Article 4 :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/transfer-learning\">Transfer Learning<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-849fc86 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"849fc86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-deep-learning\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir notre formation en Deep Learning<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c29b8f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"9c29b8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-987ef22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"987ef22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6062fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6062fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">F. Rosenblatt (1958), <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.335.3398&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf\">http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.335.3398&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G. Cybenkot (1989), <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Approximation by Superpositions of a Sigmoidal Function <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<a href=\"http:\/\/cognitivemedium.com\/magic_paper\/assets\/Cybenko.pdf\">http:\/\/cognitivemedium.com\/magic_paper\/assets\/Cybenko.pdf<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c677eef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"c677eef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-779d81e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"779d81e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Qu'est-ce que le Deep Learning ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Le Deep learning  ou apprentissage profond est l\u2019une des technologies principales du Machine learning. Avec le Deep Learning, nous parlons d\u2019algorithmes capables de mimer les actions du cerveau humain gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des r\u00e9seaux de neurones artificielles.  Les r\u00e9seaux sont compos\u00e9s de dizaines voire de centaines de \u00abcouches\u00bb de neurones, chacune recevant et interpr\u00e9tant les informations de la couche pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"A quoi sert le Deep Learning ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Les mod\u00e8les de Deep learning ont tendance \u00e0 bien fonctionner avec une grande quantit\u00e9 de donn\u00e9es alors que les mod\u00e8les d\u2019apprentissage automatique plus classique cessent de s\u2019am\u00e9liorer apr\u00e8s un point de saturation.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"L'IA dans le monde professionnel\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Presque toutes les industries sont affect\u00e9es par l\u2019IA. Le Machine learning et le Deep Learning y jouent un grand r\u00f4le. Que vous soyez un professionnel de la sant\u00e9 ou un avocat, il est possible qu\u2019un jour un mod\u00e8le hautement autonome vous assiste ou m\u00eame vous remplace. Dans les m\u00e9tiers de la sant\u00e9, il existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 des applications pour automatiquement diagnostiquer un patient.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Le Deep Learning comme solution dans le e-commerce\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Il est \u00e9vident que le secteur du commerce \u00e9lectronique g\u00e9n\u00e8re de grandes quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es. Les entreprises, les commer\u00e7ants et les distributeurs sont conscients que les solutions de Big Data pour g\u00e9rer leurs op\u00e9rations rendront leur activit\u00e9 plus pr\u00e9cieuse. 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D\u00e9marrons sans plus tarder notre Introduction au Deep [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":185606,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2500],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Deep Learning ou Apprentissage Profond : qu&#039;est-ce que c&#039;est ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cet article est le premier d\u2019une s\u00e9rie consacr\u00e9e au Deep Learning : Apr\u00e8s avoir pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans les grandes lignes le fonctionnement et les applications des r\u00e9seaux de neurones, vous d\u00e9couvrirez plus en d\u00e9tails dans les articles suivants les principaux types de r\u00e9seaux et leurs architectures, ainsi que des m\u00e9thodes et divers exemples d\u2019applications du Deep Learning aujourd\u2019hui. 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