{"id":114469,"date":"2021-11-03T09:17:10","date_gmt":"2021-11-03T08:17:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=114469"},"modified":"2024-04-23T12:37:11","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T12:37:11","slug":"la-data-au-service-de-lalimentation-de-demain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/la-data-au-service-de-lalimentation-de-demain","title":{"rendered":"FARMPYSTEP : La data au service de l\u2019alimentation de demain"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"114469\" class=\"elementor elementor-114469\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0481e04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0481e04\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-767c579\" data-id=\"767c579\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-799e3b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"799e3b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00e9alisation d\u2019une application pour calculer l\u2019impact environnemental de sa consommation alimentaire.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8e186f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8e186f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1) Contexte & objectifs :<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ba779 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ba779\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le changement climatique est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qui se manifeste sous nos yeux : inondations de juillet en Allemagne et en Belgique, d\u00f4me de chaleur accompagn\u00e9 de violents incendies au Canada. Le dernier rapport du Groupe d\u2019expert.es intergouvernemental sur l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat <\/span><b>(GIEC)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> confirme l\u2019influence humaine comme un fait \u00e9tabli et indiscutable.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans le cadre de notre cursus de <\/span><b>Data Analyst<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, nous avons souhait\u00e9 vous faire part du projet r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par trois de nos apprenants : <\/span><b>Svetlana<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>C\u00e9dric <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et <\/span><b>Jos\u00e9lito<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pendant <\/span><b>17 semaines<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ils ont travaill\u00e9 sur la base de donn\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/agribalyse.ademe.fr\/\"><b>Agribalyse<\/b><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> produite par l&rsquo;Agence de l&rsquo;environnement et de la ma\u00eetrise de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie <\/span><b>(ADEME)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> permettant de conna\u00eetre l&rsquo;impact environnemental des produits agricoles en suivant la m\u00e9thode de l&rsquo;analyse du cycle de vie.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Ils ont \u00e9labor\u00e9 une application permettant de calculer l&rsquo;impact environnemental selon le type de consommation.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>L\u2019id\u00e9e de d\u00e9part :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> d\u00e9terminer des profils types selon des r\u00e9gimes alimentaires.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9paul\u00e9 de leur mentor <\/span><b>Rapha\u00ebl<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, l\u2019\u00e9quipe s\u2019est fix\u00e9e plusieurs objectifs :<\/span><\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\" aria-checked=\"false\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Explorer de mani\u00e8re approfondie toutes les donn\u00e9es mises \u00e0 disposition<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\" aria-checked=\"false\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Ajouter un score pour les agricultures conventionnelles\/biologiques \u00e0 partir du tableau de pond\u00e9ration EF3<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\" aria-checked=\"false\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Cr\u00e9er des paniers moyens correspondant \u00e0 7 r\u00e9gimes existants<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\" aria-checked=\"false\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Analyser l&rsquo;impact de la consommation de ces paniers sur l&rsquo;environnement<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\" aria-checked=\"false\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Ajouter des profils artificiellement \u00e0 partir de ces paniers moyens<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\" aria-checked=\"false\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Entra\u00eener un mod\u00e8le de Machine Learning de pr\u00e9diction du score EF en fonction du type de consommation<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Le but : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0cr\u00e9er une <\/span><b>application accessible <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour que tout consommateur puisse \u00e9valuer son impact sur l\u2019environnement et identifier les leviers d\u2019am\u00e9liorations dans ses choix de consommation.<\/span><\/span><br \/><br \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bce6684 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"bce6684\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-analyst\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir la formation de Data Analyst<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d54bc3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d54bc3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2) Le projet :<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf5378b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf5378b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les jeux de donn\u00e9es sont issus de la base de donn\u00e9es <\/span><b>Agribalyse 3.0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">disponible librement sur <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doc.agribalyse.fr\/documentation\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ce site<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac613d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ac613d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"375\" height=\"119\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114475\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-2.png 375w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-2-300x95.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69574ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69574ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">\u00c0 chaque \u00e9tape de la cha\u00eene, des bilans de mati\u00e8res, d\u2019\u00e9nergie et d\u2019\u00e9missions de polluants sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s et agr\u00e9g\u00e9s sous forme d\u2019un jeu d\u2019indicateurs environnementaux.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>14 indicateurs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sont fournis pour chaque produit.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Il s\u2019agit des indicateurs pr\u00e9conis\u00e9s par la Commission Europ\u00e9enne (projet Product Environmental Footprint).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ces 14 indicateurs ont vocation \u00e0 couvrir un ensemble d\u2019enjeux environnementaux (qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau, de l\u2019air, climat, sols).<br \/><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 noter que l\u2019ensemble des indicateurs est ramen\u00e9 \u00e0 <\/span><b>la fabrication de 1 kg de produit alimentaire.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6d8be7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e6d8be7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"313\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114476\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-3.png 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-3-300x183.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5be6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4d5be6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"393\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-4.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114477\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-4.png 393w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-4-300x254.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684d2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6684d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-5.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114478\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-5.png 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-5-300x179.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d7c5b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d7c5b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un score unique est \u00e9galement propos\u00e9 : il s\u2019agit du \u00ab <\/span><b>single score EF<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00bb pr\u00e9conis\u00e9 par la Commission Europ\u00e9enne, calcul\u00e9 avec des facteurs de pond\u00e9ration pour chacun des indicateurs.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Ce score s\u2019exprime en Millipoints ou MPt\/kg. Plus il sera \u00e9lev\u00e9, plus le produit aura une empreinte \u00e9cologique forte.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cLa pond\u00e9ration prend \u00e0 la fois en compte la robustesse relative de chacun de ces indicateurs et les enjeux environnementaux. Ce score est un <\/span><b>score moyen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, qui comprend un arbitraire certain et peut \u00eatre adapt\u00e9 en fonction des enjeux du contexte d\u2019application.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(source : <a href=\"https:\/\/doc.agribalyse.fr\/documentation\/methodologie-acv\">agribalyse<\/a><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Des variables qualitatives viennent s\u2019ajouter \u00e0 ce score : groupe d\u2019aliments, sous-groupe d\u2019aliments, nom du produit, saisonnalit\u00e9, mat\u00e9riau d\u2019emballage, mode de livraison, usage de l\u2019avion ou non, type de pr\u00e9paration, code CIQUAL (table de composition nutritionnelle des aliments) et d\u2019une note de qualit\u00e9 de la donn\u00e9e DQR (1 excellente \u00e0 5 tr\u00e8s faible).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b5ed39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7b5ed39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-6.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114490\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-6.png 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-6-300x94.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-930df76 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"930df76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-analyst\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Se renseigner sur la formation de Data Analyst<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38bd9b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38bd9b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">L\u2019\u00e9quipe s\u2019est donc lanc\u00e9e dans une premi\u00e8re exploration des donn\u00e9es avec un nuage de point et une matrice des corr\u00e9lations.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d44b5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3d44b5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-7.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114494\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-7.png 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-7-300x206.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bf7834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bf7834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Premi\u00e8re observation pour tous les groupes d\u2019aliments, c\u2019est l\u2019agriculture qui semble influencer significativement le score unique et qui diff\u00e9rencie l\u2019empreinte \u00e9cologique des diff\u00e9rents groupes d\u2019aliments.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">En effet, l\u2019\u00e9tape de transformation serait la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9tape de production avec le plus d\u2019influence mais les valeurs sont assez h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes, entre 0 et 1.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Cela d\u00e9pend du type de produits auxquels nous nous confrontons : certains groupes d\u2019aliments sont plus transform\u00e9s que d\u2019autres comme les aides culinaires et ingr\u00e9dients divers ou les produits sucr\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">La cat\u00e9gorie viande, oeuf, poisson arrive en t\u00eate avec les plus forts scores uniques EF (&gt;6).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">En effet, il faut rappeler que la production de viande est en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral tr\u00e8s gourmande en eau. L\u2019\u00e9levage \u00e9met \u00e9galement des quantit\u00e9s importantes de nitrates, phosphates et autres substances.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8e31d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c8e31d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"493\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-8.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114495\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-8.png 493w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-8-289x300.png 289w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 493px) 100vw, 493px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cca4bb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cca4bb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">La matrice des corr\u00e9lations offre une autre lecture des variables.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Par exemple, nous observons que les variables particules et acidification ont une corr\u00e9lation tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e avec l\u2019eutrophisation des terres (&gt;0.95).<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Cette m\u00eame variable eutrophisation des terres est \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s corr\u00e9l\u00e9e avec les variables changement climatique et l\u2019usage des sols<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Ce r\u00e9sultat confirme l&rsquo;impact de la production \u00e0 partir des sols agricoles qui engendre un appauvrissement de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Sans surprise, les impacts environnementaux sont multiples et sont li\u00e9s entre eux.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d73f9a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d73f9a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-10.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114500\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-10.png 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-10-300x280.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46db2cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46db2cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Dans le graphique ci-dessus, l\u2019\u00e9quipe analyse l&#8217;empreinte carbone du mat\u00e9riau d\u2019emballage.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A titre d\u2019exemple, si nous comparons une canette en <\/span><b>aluminium <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de 330 ml et des bouteilles en <\/span><b>PET (Poly\u00e9thyl\u00e8ne t\u00e9r\u00e9phtalate) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">avec un contenu <\/span><b>recycl\u00e9 minimum<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, l&#8217;empreinte carbone d&rsquo;une canette en aluminium est 2 \u00e0 4 fois sup\u00e9rieure.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Il est important de noter que l&#8217;empreinte carbone d&rsquo;une canette en aluminium ne sera comparable \u00e0 celle d&rsquo;une bouteille en PET que si elle contient une quantit\u00e9 moyenne d&rsquo;aluminium recycl\u00e9 et utilise des \u00e9nergies renouvelables pour la produire.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbc227f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cbc227f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-11.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114516\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-11.png 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-11-300x220.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77a21dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77a21dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Avec le graphique suivant, l\u2019\u00e9quipe a observ\u00e9 l\u2019impact des groupes d\u2019aliments sur le changement climatique.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Les \u00e9missions les plus importantes proviennent des produits appartenant aux groupes suivants:<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>viandes, \u0153ufs, poissons<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : <\/span><b>27.1%<\/b><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">produits sucr\u00e9s : 16.6%<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">mati\u00e8res grasses : 10.6%<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Une repr\u00e9sentation de l&rsquo;impact de la production agricole, selon le type bio ou conventionnel par rapport \u00e0 certains indicateurs est ensuite propos\u00e9e dans les graphiques suivants :<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea0ba96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ea0ba96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"335\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-12.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114520\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-12.png 335w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-12-300x261.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2db9145 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2db9145\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"340\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-13.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114521\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-13.png 340w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-13-300x259.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bac1ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0bac1ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"340\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-14.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114522\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-14.png 340w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-14-300x259.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f7c81b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f7c81b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">\u00c0 la lecture des graphiques, le bilan global de l\u2019agriculture biologique appara\u00eet mitig\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">En effet, elle entra\u00eene des \u00e9missions indirectes de dioxyde de carbone plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es que l&rsquo;agriculture conventionnelle : les rendements sont inf\u00e9rieurs avec par exemple un usage plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de terres par unit\u00e9 de production et le refus d\u2019utiliser des engrais chimiques.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Cependant, ces r\u00e9sultats sont \u00e0 nuancer : l\u2019agriculture biologique a un effet plus b\u00e9n\u00e9fique sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes locaux et les \u00e9missions directes sont plus faibles du fait de l&rsquo;\u00e9limination des \u00e9nergies fossiles<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Cr\u00e9ation et analyse de paniers moyens selon 7 r\u00e9gimes existants :<\/b><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">L\u2019\u00e9quipe a creus\u00e9 dans un premier temps les donn\u00e9es des cantines scolaires pour constituer des menus types. Cependant, cette piste manquait de donn\u00e9es synth\u00e9tiques disponibles.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elle s\u2019est finalement appuy\u00e9e sur les r\u00e9sultats de la troisi\u00e8me \u00e9tude <\/span><b>I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ndividuelle <\/span><b>N<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ationale des <\/span><b>C<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">onsommations <\/span><b>A<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">limentaires (<\/span><b>INCA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) publi\u00e9s par l\u2019Anses (L\u2019Agence nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation, de l\u2019environnement et du travail).<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plus de <\/span><b>5 800 personnes (3 157 adultes \u00e2g\u00e9s de 18 \u00e0 79 ans et 2 698 enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 0 \u00e0 17 ans) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette grande \u00e9tude nationale qui a mobilis\u00e9 en 2014 et 2015 pr\u00e8s de 200 enqu\u00eateurs.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">150 questions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9es aux participants sur leurs habitudes et modes de vie, <\/span><b>13 600<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> journ\u00e9es de consommations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillies, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant des donn\u00e9es sur <\/span><b>320 000<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aliments consomm\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sur la base des \u00e9tudes de l&rsquo;INCA 3,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">le groupe constitue un nouveau data frame \u00e0 partir duquel il calcule la quantit\u00e9 de consommation d&rsquo;un adulte par an selon 7 types de r\u00e9gime alimentaire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24aed1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"24aed1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-15.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6467d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c6467d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Ces nouvelles donn\u00e9es permettent de calculer l&rsquo;impact environnemental (score EF moyen\/an) en fonction de ces 7 r\u00e9gimes alimentaires.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd71a68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fd71a68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"396\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-16.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114536\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-16.png 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-16-300x232.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-000e214 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"000e214\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-analyst\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Devenir Data Analyst avec DataScientest<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81c1edd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81c1edd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Sans surprise, les r\u00e9gimes v\u00e9g\u00e9taliens et v\u00e9g\u00e9tariens ont un impact environnemental r\u00e9duit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mod\u00e8le de ML pour la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019application :<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Les jeux de donn\u00e9es n\u2019\u00e9taient pas suffisamment \u00e9toff\u00e9s en terme de profils diff\u00e9rents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">L\u2019\u00e9quipe va s\u2019atteler dans un premier temps \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des profils artificiellement \u00e0 partir de ces paniers moyens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>1 000 profils<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s afin d\u2019avoir un \u00e9chantillon suffisamment pertinent.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La t\u00e2che de machine learning du projet est lanc\u00e9e. Elle s\u2019apparente \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;un <\/span><b>mod\u00e8le de classification <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">optimal apr\u00e8s regroupement des scores en classe.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Plusieurs m\u00e9thodes y compris en apprentissage non-supervis\u00e9 lors des premi\u00e8res it\u00e9rations, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9es :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">K plus proches voisins<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Support Vector Machine<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Randomforest<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Clustering : K-Means<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Clustering : Classification ascendante hi\u00e9rarchique<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La m\u00e9trique de performance principale utilis\u00e9e est la <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/matrice-de-confusion\">matrice de confusion<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>L\u2019accuracy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> obtenue sur l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon d&rsquo;apprentissage et mesur\u00e9e par validation crois\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les 3 mod\u00e8les offrent des r\u00e9sultats tr\u00e8s disparates et le <\/span><b>Support Vector Machine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> appara\u00eet le plus performant.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SVM : score = <\/span><b>0,72<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">RF : score = 0,56<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">KNN : score = 0,31<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7593011 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7593011\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"279\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/unnamed-17.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114540\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1998256 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1998256\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Le mod\u00e8le SVM obtient un score positif : en effet, la target (score\/classe) est directement calcul\u00e9 depuis les valeurs des variables.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">L\u2019\u00e9quipe a transform\u00e9 les variables en classe : cette modification aurait d\u00fb diminuer la performance du mod\u00e8le, n\u00e9anmoins elle est contrebalanc\u00e9e par la transformation de la target \u00ab score \u00bb en classe.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Par ailleurs, l&rsquo;algorithme SVM a l\u2019avantage de bien fonctionner sur de plus petits datasets ce qui est notre cas.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Il offre une grande pr\u00e9cision de pr\u00e9diction et peut-\u00eatre plus efficace car il utilise un sous-ensemble de points d\u2019entra\u00eenement.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Le mod\u00e8le propos\u00e9 permet d\u2019obtenir un r\u00e9sultat de son impact global sur l\u2019environnement \u00e0 partir de choix de niveau de consommation (0 \u00e0 4) pour chaque sous-groupe d\u2019aliments.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">M\u00eame si le mod\u00e8le manque de pr\u00e9cision (quantit\u00e9s r\u00e9elles), le choix d\u2019avoir mis en place des classes est assez innovant et devient plus accessible en termes d\u2019usage.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">L\u2019objectif est atteint !<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d9f9ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d9f9ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3) Difficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d7ea1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d7ea1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le principal verrou scientifique \u00e9tait d\u2019\u00e9toffer la base de donn\u00e9es initiale afin de <\/span><b>cr\u00e9er des profils artificiellement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sur lesquels l\u2019\u00e9quipe pouvait appliquer une variabilit\u00e9 et des classes ad\u00e9quates permettant de concevoir une application qui calcule l&rsquo;impact selon le type de consommation.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u2019autre part, des variables suppl\u00e9mentaires auraient permis de creuser plus loin leur projet : <\/span><b>distance du transport, lieu de production, d\u00e9tails des aliments pour la cr\u00e9ation de menu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Par ailleurs, l\u2019\u00e9quipe rappelle que les m\u00e9thodes de calcul\u00a0 et les param\u00e9trages d\u2019Agribalyse ne permettent pas de faire de l\u2019\u00e9co-conception ou d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les pratiques \u00ab au champ \u00bb. Or les principaux leviers d\u2019am\u00e9lioration du score environnemental d\u00e9pendent des syst\u00e8mes de production.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e04f04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e04f04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4) Bilan<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0ef0c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0ef0c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Svetlana<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>C\u00e9dric <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et <\/span><b>Jos\u00e9lito <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ont tent\u00e9 d\u2019utiliser toutes les donn\u00e9es mises \u00e0 disposition par le site AGRIBALYSE afin de proposer un mod\u00e8le robuste et \u00e9toff\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Un mod\u00e8le qui identifie pour tout individu selon son type d\u2019alimentation, les leviers qui permettent de r\u00e9duire son impact sur l\u2019environnement.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Leur mod\u00e8le s&rsquo;inscrit dans plusieurs processus m\u00e9tiers :<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Aide \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dans la production et la mise sur le march\u00e9 d\u2019un nouveau produit alimentaire (plat pr\u00e9par\u00e9, agriculture ad\u00e9quate\u2026)<\/span><\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Moteur de recommandation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour les consommateurs dans leurs choix de consommation et de leurs impacts environnementaux.<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Leur application fait donc \u00e9cho \u00e0 un domaine d\u2019actualit\u00e9 et prouve que l\u2019IA peut \u00eatre mise au service des enjeux environnementaux (appauvrissement des sols, cons\u00e9quences climatiques) dans le cadre de l\u2019alimentation (de la production jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019assiette du consommateur).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il serait int\u00e9ressant de constituer une <\/span><b>base de donn\u00e9es actualis\u00e9e<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, encore plus \u00e9toff\u00e9e et comprenant des indicateurs suppl\u00e9mentaires : distance du transport, usage de phytosanitaires\u2026 dans le but d\u2019am\u00e9liorer encore davantage les performances du mod\u00e8le.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 titre de comparaison, la start-up qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 l\u2019application <\/span><b>Yuka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a lanc\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e un nouvel onglet d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9coscore, avec une notation de A \u00e0 E sur 30\u2009000 produits pour \u00ab permettre aux consommateurs qui le souhaitent de s\u2019orienter vers une alimentation plus durable \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p><p>Si tout comme eux, vous souhaitez monter en comp\u00e9tences et mettre en application vos acquis :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba136a5 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ba136a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir les formations de DataScientest<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00e9alisation d\u2019une application pour calculer l\u2019impact environnemental de sa consommation alimentaire. 1) Contexte &#038; objectifs : Le changement climatique est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 qui se manifeste sous nos yeux : inondations de juillet en Allemagne et en Belgique, d\u00f4me de chaleur accompagn\u00e9 de violents incendies au Canada. Le dernier rapport du Groupe d\u2019expert.es intergouvernemental sur l\u2019\u00e9volution [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":114943,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2431],"tags":[2412],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>FARMPYSTEP : La data au service de l\u2019alimentation de demain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"R\u00e9alisation d\u2019une application pour calculer l\u2019impact environnemental de sa consommation alimentaire.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/la-data-au-service-de-lalimentation-de-demain\" \/>\n<meta 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