{"id":147883,"date":"2022-03-14T10:18:25","date_gmt":"2022-03-14T09:18:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=147883"},"modified":"2024-09-26T13:07:22","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T13:07:22","slug":"connecter-une-api-a-une-base-de-donnees-sous-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/connecter-une-api-a-une-base-de-donnees-sous-python","title":{"rendered":"Connecter une API \u00e0 une Base de Donn\u00e9es sous Python"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"147883\" class=\"elementor elementor-147883\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10c156e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"10c156e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-927c53b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"927c53b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2>Dans un <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/programmation-dapi-web-sous-python-avec-flask\">premier article<\/a>, nous avons vu quelques principes de construction des API REST et un premier exemple d\u2019impl\u00e9mentation de celles-ci sous Python avec Flask.<\/h2><h2>Dans cet exemple, les donn\u00e9es \u00e9taient int\u00e9gr\u00e9es au code sous la forme d\u2019une liste de dictionnaires.<\/h2><h2>Nous avons \u00e9galement un article sur comment <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/programmer-et-documenter-une-api-avec-python-flask-swagger-et-connexion\">programmer et documenter une API avec python, flask, swagger et connexion<\/a>.<\/h2><h2>Dans l\u2019exemple qui va suivre, on va voir comment connecter une API a\u0300 une base de donn\u00e9es relationnelle externe et autoriser le filtrage des items par diff\u00e9rentes conditions :<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-832f3f1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"832f3f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb114fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb114fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><a href=\"#API1\">Bases de donn\u00e9es relationnelles<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#API2\">SQLite<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#API3\">Connecter une API \u00e0 la base Chinook<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#API4\">Comprendre la nouvelle API<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/programmer-et-documenter-une-api-avec-python-flask-swagger-et-connexion\">Utiliser la nouvelle API<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#API6\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-686c1ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"686c1ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\nbody.elementor-page .elementor-widget-menu-anchor{margin-bottom:0}<\/style>\t\t<div id=\"API1\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-601f5aa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"601f5aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-151a13f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"151a13f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Bases de donn\u00e9es relationnelles<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4de631 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4de631\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><p><strong>Les bases de donne\u0301es relationnelles permettent de stocker et de re\u0301cupe\u0301rer des donne\u0301es, ces dernie\u0300res e\u0301tant mises sous la forme de tables.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><p>Les tables sont semblables a\u0300 des feuilles de calcul : elles ont des lignes et des colonnes, les colonnes indiquant ce a\u0300 quoi correspondent les donne\u0301es, par exemple a\u0300 un titre ou a\u0300 une date. Les lignes repre\u0301sentent des donne\u0301es individuelles, qui peuvent correspondre \u00e0 des utilisateurs, des transactions ou tout autre type d\u2019entite\u0301.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-339d275 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"339d275\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"API2\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ac610 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"51ac610\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8f94c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b8f94c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. SQLite<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34c2e48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34c2e48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le moteur de base de donne\u0301es utilise\u0301 dans la suite est SQLite, un moteur de base de donne\u0301es tre\u0300s le\u0301ger et disponible sous Python par de\u0301faut.<\/p><p>L\u2019extension standard des fichiers SQLite est <strong>.db<\/strong>.<\/p><p>La base de donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9e est la base <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-sample-database\/\">Chinook<\/a> (disponible via le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/chinook.zip\">lien suivant<\/a>), compos\u00e9e de 11 tables. Dans la suite, on s\u2019int\u00e9ressera particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 la <strong>table employees<\/strong> : celle-ci contient des donn\u00e9es sur les employ\u00e9s de l\u2019entreprise Chinook, telles que l\u2019identifiant, le nom, le pr\u00e9nom, etc.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-367f363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"367f363\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"API3\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0d496a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"a0d496a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbcea96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dbcea96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Connecter une API \u00e0 la base Chinook<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea85c4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea85c4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On commence par recopier la base <strong>chinook.db<\/strong> dans notre re\u0301pertoire <strong>api<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Notre API reque\u0302tera cette base de donne\u0301es afin de renvoyer les re\u0301sultats voulus aux utilisateurs.<\/p><p>Le code correspondant est le suivant :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4542bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a4542bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/ssime-git\/3877cb9e2c7c657270e0882d9db89593.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-079d2e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"079d2e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On le sauvegarde dans le r\u00e9pertoire <strong>api<\/strong> sous le nom de <strong>api4.py<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Afin de l\u2019ex\u00e9cuter, on lance une fen\u00eatre ligne de commande \u00e0 partir du r\u00e9pertoire <strong>api<\/strong> et on saisit les commandes suivantes :<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>$ export FLASK_APP = api4.py<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>$ export FLASK_ENV = development<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>$ flask run<\/strong><\/p><p>(pour arr\u00eater l\u2019ex\u00e9cution, faire Ctrl-C).<\/p><p>On obtient, entre autres messages :<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>* Running on http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)<\/strong><\/p><p>Une fois le programme exe\u0301cute\u0301, on peut soumettre au navigateur utilis\u00e9 des reque\u0302tes du type :<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/resources\/employees\/all\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/resources\/employees\/all<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/resources\/employees?LastName=Edwards\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/resources\/employees?LastName=Edwards<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/resources\/employees?LastName=Edwards&amp;City=Calgary\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/resources\/employees?LastName=Edwards&amp;City=Calgary<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/resources\/employees?City=Calgary\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/v1\/resources\/employees?City=Calgary<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddb33a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ddb33a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La table <strong>employees<\/strong> de la base de donne\u0301es <strong>Chinook<\/strong> compte 8 enregistrements, un pour chaque employ\u00e9 de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Chinook.<\/p><p>Les donne\u0301es comprennent, entre autres, l\u2019identifiant, le nom, le pr\u00e9nom, la ville de r\u00e9sidence, la date de naissance, la date de recrutement.<\/p><p>Notre API permet de filtrer selon trois champs : EmployeeId (identifiant), LastName (nom de famille) et City (ville de r\u00e9sidence).<\/p><p>La nouvelle API re\u0301pond aux reque\u0302tes des utilisateurs en extrayant l\u2019information de la base de donne\u0301es a\u0300 l\u2019aide de reque\u0302tes SQL.<\/p><p>Elle permet e\u0301galement de filtrer selon plus d\u2019un champ.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d74addb elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d74addb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"API4\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5499ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"f5499ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7547ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c7547ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Comprendre la nouvelle API<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d26801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d26801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La table <strong>employees<\/strong> de la base de donne\u0301es Chinook est compose\u0301e de huit colonnes : EmployeeId, LastName, FirstName, Title, ReportsTo, BirthDate, HireDate et Address.\u00a0<\/p><p>Chaque ligne repre\u0301sente un employ\u00e9 de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Chinook.<\/p><p>Pluto\u0302t que de spe\u0301cifier les donne\u0301es dans le code, notre fonction <strong>api_all<\/strong> les extrait de la base de donn\u00e9es Chinook :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1660af elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"e1660af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/ssime-git\/f101abdafe7fe0bf2f3fd33cc858ee5c.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc38ff3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc38ff3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On commence par se connecter a\u0300 la base de donne\u0301es en utilisant la bibliothe\u0300que <\/span><b>sqlite3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un objet repre\u0301sentant la connexion a\u0300 la base de donne\u0301es est lie\u0301 a\u0300 la variable <\/span><b>conn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019instruction <\/span><b>conn.row_factory = dict_factory<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dit a\u0300 l\u2019objet correspondant a\u0300 la connexion d\u2019utiliser la fonction <\/span><b>dict_factory<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, qui renvoie les re\u0301sultats sous forme de dictionnaires pluto\u0302t que de listes &#8211; ce qui se convertit mieux au format JSON.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On cre\u0301e ensuite un objet curseur (<\/span><b>cur = conn.cursor( )<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), qui parcourt la base de donne\u0301es pour extraire les donne\u0301es.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finalement, on exe\u0301cute une reque\u0302te SQL a\u0300 l\u2019aide de la me\u0301thode <\/span><b>cur.execute<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour extraire toutes les donne\u0301es disponibles ( * ) de la table <\/span><b>employees<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de notre base de donne\u0301es.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 la fin de notre fonction, les donne\u0301es re\u0301cupe\u0301re\u0301es sont converties au format JSON : <\/span><b>jsonify(all_employees)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019autre fonction renvoyant des donne\u0301es, <\/span><b>api_filter<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, utilise la me\u0302me approche pour extraire des donne\u0301es sp\u00e9cifiques de la base.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le but de la fonction <\/span><b>page_not_found<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">est de cre\u0301er une page d\u2019erreur affiche\u0301e a\u0300 l\u2019utilisateur s\u2019il spe\u0301cifie une route qui n\u2019est pas prise en charge par l\u2019API :<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0ee9cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a0ee9cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/ssime-git\/74a72f71cf8d48f73548d7658ed7307a.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b0396f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b0396f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans les re\u0301sultats HTML, le code 200 signifie \u00ab OK \u00bb (donne\u0301es transfe\u0301re\u0301es) alors que le code 404 signifie \u00ab not found \u00bb (pas de ressources disponibles a\u0300 l\u2019adresse spe\u0301cifie\u0301e).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La fonction <\/span><b>page_not_found<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">permet de renvoyer 404 si quelque chose se passe mal.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La fonction <\/span><b>api_filter<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">permet de filtrer selon trois champs : <\/span><b>EmployeeId<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>LastName<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et <\/span><b>City<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elle commence par identifier tous les parame\u0300tres de reque\u0302te fournis dans l\u2019URL, a\u0300 l\u2019aide de l\u2019instruction :<\/span><\/p><p><strong>query_parameters = request.args<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elle re\u0301cupe\u0300re ensuite les valeurs des parame\u0300tres et les lie a\u0300 des variables :<\/span><\/p><p><strong>employeeid = query_parameters.get(&lsquo;EmployeeId&rsquo;)<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>lastname = query_parameters.get(&lsquo;LastName&rsquo;)<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>city = query_parameters.get(&lsquo;City&rsquo;)<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La portion de code suivante permet de construire une reque\u0302te SQL qui est utilise\u0301e pour extraire l\u2019information recherche\u0301e de la base de donne\u0301es.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les reque\u0302tes SQL les plus simples sont la forme :<\/span><\/p><p><strong>SELECT &lt;columns&gt; FROM &lt;table&gt; WHERE &lt;column=match&gt; AND &lt;column=match&gt;;<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Afin d\u2019obtenir les donne\u0301es recherche\u0301es, on doit construire a\u0300 la fois une reque\u0302te SQL du type pre\u0301ce\u0301dent et une liste avec les filtres (valeurs) spe\u0301cifie\u0301s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On commence par de\u0301finir la reque\u0302te et la liste de filtres :<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975cbdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"975cbdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/ssime-git\/949fe43fdeca328ad79d76ed6afa022e.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14d5942 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14d5942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alors, si <\/span><b>EmployeeId<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>LastName<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><b>City<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ont e\u0301te\u0301 passe\u0301s en parame\u0300tres de reque\u0302te, on les rajoute a\u0300 la reque\u0302te et a\u0300 la liste de filtres :<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-289c4a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"289c4a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/ssime-git\/f12f7f5be78826b1e6ac416bd8f78a88.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3847fe2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3847fe2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Si l\u2019utilisateur n\u2019a spe\u0301cifie\u0301 aucun de ces parame\u0300tres de reque\u0302te, on renvoie la page d\u2019erreur 404 :<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d06822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5d06822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/ssime-git\/d7393d2144759971c096649897bbe3ac.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0719a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0719a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Afin de parfaire notre reque\u0302te SQL, on supprime le dernier AND et on comple\u0300te la reque\u0302te par le point-virgule requis par SQL :<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d64f35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"4d64f35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/ssime-git\/014c247926489cafcfe16d1341eee46d.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd9679e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd9679e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Ensuite, on se connecte a\u0300 la base de donne\u0301es, puis on exe\u0301cute la reque\u0302te SQL construite a\u0300 l\u2019aide de notre liste de filtres :<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71b56d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"71b56d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/ssime-git\/11389b002316cf3ae75ca02c70d867bf.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e311408 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e311408\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Finalement, on renvoie les re\u0301sultats au format JSON a\u0300 l\u2019utilisateur<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">:<\/span><\/p><p><strong>return jsonify(results)<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7551121 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"7551121\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"API5\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f37e4c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"f37e4c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79b5696 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"79b5696\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. Utiliser la nouvelle API<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a32fb47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a32fb47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Notre nouvelle API autorise des reque\u0302tes plus sophistique\u0301es de la part des utilisateurs.<\/p><p>De plus, de\u0300s que de nouvelles donne\u0301es sont rajoute\u0301es a\u0300 la base, elles deviennent imme\u0301diatement disponibles pour les projets construits a\u0300 l\u2019aide de l\u2019API.<\/p><p>Ainsi, dans bien des cas, il est pertinent de commencer par cre\u0301er une interface de type API pour les donne\u0301es d\u2019un projet avant de construire une visualisation, une application ou un site web base\u0301 sur les donne\u0301es.<\/p><p>Dans le prochain article, nous d\u00e9velopperons les techniques pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment pour voir comment programmer une API REST professionnelle sous Python en utilisant <a href=\"https:\/\/flask.palletsprojects.com\/en\/2.0.x\/\">Flask<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openapis.org\/\">OpenAPI<\/a> (anciennement Swagger) et <a href=\"https:\/\/connexion.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/#\">Connexion<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f20ca61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f20ca61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"API6\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-118a14f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"118a14f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7566bfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7566bfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adbc6a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adbc6a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><em>Creating Web APIs with Python and Flask, Patrick Smyth : <a href=\"https:\/\/programminghistorian.org\/en\/lessons\/creating-apis-with-python-and-flask\">https:\/\/programminghistorian.org\/en\/lessons\/creating-apis-with-python-and-flask<\/a>.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Flask RESTful documentation : <a href=\"https:\/\/flask-restful.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/index.html\">https:\/\/flask-restful.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/index.html<\/a>.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Flask Web Development : Developing Web Applications with Python (2\u00e8me \u00e9dition). M. Grinberg. O\u2019Reilly 2018.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-Based Software Architectures. T. Fielding. Th\u00e8se, Universit\u00e9 de Californie, 2000.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans un premier article, nous avons vu quelques principes de construction des API REST et un premier exemple d\u2019impl\u00e9mentation de celles-ci sous Python avec Flask. Dans cet exemple, les donn\u00e9es \u00e9taient int\u00e9gr\u00e9es au code sous la forme d\u2019une liste de dictionnaires. Nous avons \u00e9galement un article sur comment programmer et documenter une API avec python, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":161724,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Connecter une API \u00e0 une Base de Donn\u00e9es sous Python<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dans cet article, nous allons voir comment connecter une API a\u0300 une base de donn\u00e9es relationnelle externe sous Python.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/connecter-une-api-a-une-base-de-donnees-sous-python\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Connecter une API \u00e0 une Base de Donn\u00e9es sous Python\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/connecter-une-api-a-une-base-de-donnees-sous-python\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-14T09:18:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-26T13:07:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/api_flask_blog_4-91.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1405\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Salim Lardjane\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Salim Lardjane\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/connecter-une-api-a-une-base-de-donnees-sous-python\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/connecter-une-api-a-une-base-de-donnees-sous-python\",\"name\":\"Connecter une API \u00e0 une Base de Donn\u00e9es sous Python\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-14T09:18:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-26T13:07:22+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/117e8a03bd4dcdb2740a26887f660ff3\"},\"description\":\"Dans cet article, nous allons voir comment connecter une API a\u0300 une base de donn\u00e9es relationnelle externe sous Python.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/connecter-une-api-a-une-base-de-donnees-sous-python\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/\",\"name\":\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\",\"description\":\"Leader de la formation en Data Science\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/117e8a03bd4dcdb2740a26887f660ff3\",\"name\":\"Salim Lardjane\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1712345903860.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1712345903860.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Salim Lardjane\"},\"description\":\"Salim Lardjane est ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en statistique \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 Bretagne Sud, o\u00f9 il enseigne depuis plus de 20 ans. 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