{"id":163963,"date":"2022-02-08T12:12:46","date_gmt":"2022-02-08T11:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=143170"},"modified":"2023-10-12T13:07:52","modified_gmt":"2023-10-12T13:07:52","slug":"de-nouveaux-algorithmes-dintelligence-artificielle-voient-la-vie-en-3d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/de-nouveaux-algorithmes-dintelligence-artificielle-voient-la-vie-en-3d","title":{"rendered":"NeRF : un mod\u00e8le de Deep Learning qui transforme des images 2D en 3D"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"163963\" class=\"elementor elementor-163963\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53c2d98 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"53c2d98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af16fc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af16fc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">NeRF, un nouveau mod\u00e8le de Deep Learning consiste \u00e0 utiliser un r\u00e9seau de neurones pour capturer et g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des images 3D \u00e0 partir de photos 2D. Une r\u00e9volution dans les secteurs du jeu vid\u00e9o, de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 virtuelle, de la robotique et de la voiture autonome.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e96ad63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e96ad63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Les <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/3-algorithmes-de-machine-learning-utiles-pour-votre-business\">algorithmes d\u2019Intelligence Artificielle<\/a> pourraient bient\u00f4t voir en 3D, r\u00e9v\u00e8le le site am\u00e9ricain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/new-way-ai-see-3d\/\">Wired<\/a>. Certains experts pensent que cela pourrait aider les machines \u00e0 <strong>mieux percevoir le monde qui nous entoure<\/strong>, avec une vue quasiment identique \u00e0 celle de l&rsquo;\u0153il humain.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104de20 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"104de20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8c2db8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8c2db8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les latences de la vue en 2D<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3420295 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3420295\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les techniques d\u2019intelligence artificielle que les chercheurs utilisent depuis 2012 consistent \u00e0 <strong>entra\u00eener des algorithmes<\/strong> gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des milliers d\u2019images en deux dimensions. Cette technique, le<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/conditional-generative-adversarial-network-cgan\"> cGAN ou Conditional Generative Adversarial Network<\/a>, permet un dialogue entre deux r\u00e9seaux, le g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur et le discriminateur.<\/p><p>D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 le g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur g\u00e9n\u00e8re de fausses images qui sont cens\u00e9es \u00eatre les plus r\u00e9alistes possibles, dans le but de tromper le r\u00e9seau adverse : <strong>le discriminateur<\/strong>. De l\u2019autre le discriminateur va observer des images venant \u00e0 la fois du g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur et d\u2019une banque de donn\u00e9es. Il va devoir d\u00e9terminer quelles images viennent de la banque de donn\u00e9es (et les labelliser comme vraies) et quelles images sont produites par le g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur (et sont donc fausses). Cette m\u00e9thode permet notamment de <strong>g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des images, des vid\u00e9os ou des donn\u00e9es audio artificielles<\/strong>. Cependant, elle manque souvent de pr\u00e9cision selon les <strong>experts en intelligence artificielle<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54f1229 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"54f1229\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/embed\\\/yPKIxoN2Vf0&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center center;object-position:center center}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79d2b5c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"79d2b5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b80ac8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b80ac8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9velopper des vues 3D sur base de photos 2D<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4124ee0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4124ee0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La nouvelle approche, pens\u00e9e par des chercheurs de l\u2019UC Berkeley et des ing\u00e9nieurs de Google, consiste \u00e0 utiliser un r\u00e9seau neuronal pour capturer et <strong>g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des images 3D \u00e0 partir de quelques instantan\u00e9s 2D<\/strong>. Nomm\u00e9e Neural Radiance Fields, ou NeRF, cette technique exploite <strong>le d\u00e9placement de la lumi\u00e8re dans l\u2019air et calcule la densit\u00e9 et la couleur des points dans l&rsquo;espace 3D<\/strong>. Cela permet de convertir des images 2D en une repr\u00e9sentation 3D pouvant \u00eatre visualis\u00e9e sur n\u2019importe quel ordinateur. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces techniques, ces nouveaux algorithmes convertissent les pixels 2D en \u00e9quivalents 3D, apportant une pr\u00e9cision bien sup\u00e9rieure.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b1d4ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"6b1d4ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffa9231 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ffa9231\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Un gain de temps pr\u00e9cieux et des applications multiples<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f23558b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f23558b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;une sc\u00e8ne 3D n\u00e9cessite normalement des heures de travail aux designers. Cependant gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette nouvelle m\u00e9thode, il est possible de <strong>g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des sc\u00e8nes 3D \u00e0 partir de photographies ordinaires en quelques minutes<\/strong>. Il est notamment possible de cr\u00e9er des selfies 3D (ou Nerfies, comme certains les appellent) qui reproduisent le portrait 3D d\u2019une personne sur base de quelques photos. Une technique tr\u00e8s pratique pour cr\u00e9er des avatars dans les jeux vid\u00e9o.\u00a0<\/p><p>De grands groupes, comme le producteur de puces \u00e9lectroniques <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/nvidia-superordinateur-ia-leonardo\">Nvidia<\/a> ou encore <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/a-lapproche-des-presidentielles-meta-lutte-contre-la-desinformation-et-encourage-le-vote\">Meta<\/a>, ont investi dans le processus. Meta s\u2019int\u00e9resse tout particuli\u00e8rement au NeRF <strong>dans l\u2019espoir de d\u00e9velopper facilement et \u00e0 moindre co\u00fbt, le Metaverse<\/strong> auquel il croit tant. Mais le NeRF am\u00e9liore aussi grandement les performances de machines qui fonctionnent dans le monde r\u00e9el, comme dans la fabrication de voitures autonomes, par exemple. Selon Andrej Karpathy, directeur de l&rsquo;IA chez Tesla, le NeRF est particuli\u00e8rement utile \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise d\u2019Elon Musk. Les sc\u00e8nes 3D qu\u2019il g\u00e9n\u00e8re permettent d&rsquo;entra\u00eener les algorithmes de conduite autonome \u00e0 <strong>r\u00e9agir plus rapidement et plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 des situations toujours plus proches de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p><p>Avec un d\u00e9veloppement plus pouss\u00e9, les experts assurent que le NeRF pourrait <strong>permettre aux robots de mieux appr\u00e9cier des environnements complexes<\/strong> en r\u00e9duisant leurs erreurs.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-839a734 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"839a734\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-829317a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"829317a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour tout comprendre de l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/intelligence-artificielle-definition\">intelligence artificielle<\/a>, et d\u00e9velopper vous aussi des mod\u00e8les de <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/deep-learning-definition\">Deep Learning<\/a>, <strong>rejoignez nos formation en Data Science<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baf6c21 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"baf6c21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir les formations data<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NeRF, un nouveau mod\u00e8le de Deep Learning consiste \u00e0 utiliser un r\u00e9seau de neurones pour capturer et g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des images 3D \u00e0 partir de photos 2D. Une r\u00e9volution dans les secteurs du jeu vid\u00e9o, de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 virtuelle, de la robotique et de la voiture autonome. Les algorithmes d\u2019Intelligence Artificielle pourraient bient\u00f4t voir en 3D, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":161695,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2431],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>NeRF : un mod\u00e8le de Deep Learning qui transforme des images 2D en 3D<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"NeRF, un nouveau mod\u00e8le de Deep Learning consiste \u00e0 utiliser un r\u00e9seau de neurones pour capturer et g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des images 3D \u00e0 partir de photos 2D. 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