{"id":172207,"date":"2022-08-17T13:58:03","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T13:58:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=172207"},"modified":"2024-09-26T13:06:54","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T13:06:54","slug":"construire-des-api-python-deuxieme-partie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/construire-des-api-python-deuxieme-partie","title":{"rendered":"Construire des API avec diff\u00e9rentes applications (Partie II)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"172207\" class=\"elementor elementor-172207\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b40ccf5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"b40ccf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd352a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd352a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous avons vu dans les quatre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents articles un premier exemple de <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/programmation-dapi-web-sous-python-avec-flask\">programmation d\u2019une API Web sous Flask<\/a>.<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); text-align: var(--text-align);\">Comment <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/connecter-une-api-a-une-base-de-donnees-sous-python\">connecter une API Web \u00e0 une base de donn\u00e9e SQLite<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comment <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/programmer-et-documenter-une-api-avec-python-flask-swagger-et-connexion\">programmer et documenter une API Web avec Python, Flask, Swagger et Connexion.<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et nous avons introduit les outils permettant de <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/construire-des-api-premiere-partie\">combiner ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments avec la gestion d\u2019une base de donn\u00e9es<\/a>, \u00e0 savoir SQLAlchemy et Marshmallow.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans ce cinqui\u00e8me et dernier article, nous allons mettre \u00e0 jour notre API en utilisant les connaissances acquises pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df49347 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"df49347\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e88f699 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e88f699\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><h3 data-elementor-setting-key=\"title\" data-pen-placeholder=\"\u00c9crivez ici...\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;\">Mise \u00e0 jour de l\u2019API<\/h3><\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f929952 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"f929952\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31693a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31693a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les changements qu\u2019on a effectue\u0301 jusqu\u2019ici par rapport a\u0300 la premie\u0300re version de notre API (annuaire interactif) ne sont pas radicaux.<\/p><p>On modifie simplement les de\u0301finitions d\u2019URL pour prendre ne compte le fait que la clef primaires est <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span> :<\/p><ul><li>Action : Create, Verbe HTTP : POST, URL : <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">\/api\/people<\/span>, Description : de\u0301finit une URL pour cre\u0301er une personne.<\/li><li>Action : Read, Verbe HTTP : GET, URL : <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">\/api\/people<\/span>, Description : de\u0301finit une URL pour lire une collection de personnes.<\/li><li>Action : Read, Verbe HTTP : GET, URL : <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">\/api\/people\/{person_id}<\/span>, Description : De\u0301finit une URL pour lire une personne particulie\u0300re identifie\u0301e par son <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span>.<\/li><li>Action : Update, Verbe HTTP : PUT, URL : <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">\/api\/people\/ {person_id}<\/span>, Description : De\u0301finit une URL pour mettre a\u0300 jour l\u2019information d\u2019une personne identifie\u0301e par son <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span>.<\/li><li>Action : Delete, Verbe HTTP : DELETE, URL : <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">\/api\/people\/ {person_id}<\/span>, Description : De\u0301finit un URL pour supprimer une personne identifie\u0301e par son <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span>.<\/li><\/ul><p><br \/>Alors que la premie\u0300re de\u0301finition de l\u2019API faisait appel a\u0300 lname pour identifier une personne, celle-ci fait appel a\u0300 <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span>.<\/p><p><em>Cela permet d\u2019autoriser l\u2019utilisateur a\u0300 modifier le nom de famille lors de la mise a\u0300 jour de l\u2019information d\u2019une personne.<\/em><\/p><p>Afin d\u2019imple\u0301menter ces changements, il faut e\u0301diter le fichier swagger.yml configurant l\u2019API.<\/p><p>Le fichier modifie\u0301 est accessible sur Github :<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/salimlardjane1\/api2\/blob\/main\/swagger.yml\">https:\/\/github.com\/salimlardjane1\/api2\/blob\/main\/swagger.yml\u00a0<\/a><\/p><p>Pour l\u2019essentiel, on remplace partout <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">lname<\/span> par <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span> et on rajoute<span style=\"color: #9437ff;\"> person_id<\/span> aux re\u0301ponses POST et PUT.<\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9de116 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"a9de116\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9b379a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e9b379a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><h3 data-elementor-setting-key=\"title\" data-pen-placeholder=\"\u00c9crivez ici...\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;\">Mise \u00e0 jour des gestionnaires<\/h3><\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00a6165 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00a6165\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apre\u0300s avoir mis a\u0300 jour le fichier <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0433ff;\">swagger.yml <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de fac\u0327on a\u0300 prendre en compte l\u2019identifiant <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, il faut mettre a\u0300 jour les fonctions correspondantes (appele\u0301es <\/span><b>Gestionnaires<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ang. <\/span><b>Handlers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) du fichier <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0433ff;\">people.py <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour prendre en compte ces changements.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De fac\u0327on analogue a\u0300 ce qu\u2019on a fait pour <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0433ff;\">swagger.yml<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, cela consiste essentiellement a\u0300 remplacer <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">lname <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">par <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voici in extrait du nouveau module <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0433ff;\">people.py <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">montrant le gestionnaire (handler) associe\u0301 a\u0300 la reque\u0302te <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">GET \/api\/people<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b743f7b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"b743f7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6457cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"6457cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/salimlardjane1\/ab4a1d5d16488d953b28a982f2710888.js\"><\/script>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d8f373 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"0d8f373\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c8c1d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c8c1d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le module complet est disponible sur Github :<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/salimlardjane1\/api2\/blob\/main\/people.py\">https:\/\/github.com\/salimlardjane1\/api2\/blob\/main\/people.py<\/a><\/p><p>Les <span style=\"color: #000000;\">lignes<\/span> 1 a\u0300 9 importent des modules <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">Flask<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">pour<\/span> cre\u0301er les re\u0301ponses de l\u2019API, ainsi que l\u2019instance db du module <span style=\"color: #0433ff;\">config.py<\/span>. De plus, elles importent les classes SQLAlchemy<span style=\"color: #9437ff;\"> Person<\/span> et Marshmallow <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">PersonSchema<\/span> qui permettent d\u2019acce\u0301der a\u0300 la base de donne\u0301es et de se\u0301rialiser les re\u0301sultats.<\/p><p>La ligne 11 correspond au de\u0301but de la de\u0301finition du gestionnaire<span style=\"color: #ff2600;\"> read_all( )<\/span> qui se charge de la reque\u0302te <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">GET \/ api\/people<\/span> et renvoie tous les enregistrements de la table <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person<\/span> trie\u0301s par ordre alphabe\u0301tique du nom de famille.<\/p><p>Les lignes 17 a\u0300 19 demandent a\u0300 SQLAlchemy de reque\u0302ter la table <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person<\/span> pour obtenir l\u2019ensemble des enregistrements, de les trier par ordre croissant du nom de famille et de stocker la liste correspondante d\u2019objets Python <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">Person<\/span> dans la variable <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">people<\/span>.<\/p><p>La ligne 21 cre\u0301e une instance de la classe Marshmallow <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">PersonSchema<\/span> en lui passant le parame\u0300tre <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">many = True<\/span>. Ceci autorise l\u2019instance a\u0300 manipuler un ite\u0301rable (ici une liste) a\u0300 se\u0301rialiser.<\/p><p>La ligne 22 utilise l\u2019instance <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_schema<\/span> en appelant sa me\u0301thode <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">dump( )<\/span> avec comme argument la liste<span style=\"color: #9437ff;\"> people<\/span>. Le re\u0301sultat est un objet posse\u0301dant un attribut <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">data<\/span> contenant la liste <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">people<\/span>, qui peut e\u0302tre converti en JSON.<\/p><p>La conversion est effectue\u0301e par Connexion en re\u0301ponse a\u0300 la reque\u0302te de l\u2019API.<\/p><p>Notons qu\u2019on a d\u00fb passer par Marshmallow, car la liste people ne peut e\u0302tre convertie directement en JSON par Connexion, qui ne sait pas convertir le champ\u00ab timestamp \u00bb (objet<span style=\"color: #9437ff;\"> datetime<\/span>).<\/p><p>Voici un autre extrait du module people.py, qui contient le gestionnaire pour la reque\u0302te de lecture des informations d\u2019une personne particulie\u0300re dans la table person : <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">GET \/ api\/people\/{person_id}<\/span>.<\/p><p>La fonction <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">read_one(person_id)<\/span> ci-apre\u0300s rec\u0327oit un <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span> de l\u2019URL de reque\u0302te, indiquant que l\u2019utilisateur cherche une personne en particulier :<\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-812965f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"812965f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-781af3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"781af3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/salimlardjane1\/6e3cc9d4d258be70508cf702d30bc3d0.js\"><\/script>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bb93b7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"8bb93b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bca9e2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bca9e2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les lignes 9 a\u0300 11 utilisent le parame\u0300tre<span style=\"color: #9437ff;\"> person_id<\/span> dans une reque\u0302te SQLAlchemy en utilisant la me\u0301thode<span style=\"color: #ff2600;\"> filter<\/span> de l\u2019objet reque\u0302te pour rechercher une personne ayant le <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span> spe\u0301cifie\u0301. Pluto\u0302t que d\u2019utiliser la me\u0301thode de reque\u0302te <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">all( )<\/span>, on utilise la me\u0301thode <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">one_or_none( )<\/span> pour obtenir les informations d\u2019une personne ou renvoyer <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">None<\/span> si aucune personne n\u2019a e\u0301te\u0301 trouve\u0301e.<\/p><p>La ligne 13 de\u0301termine si une personne a e\u0301te\u0301 trouve\u0301e ou pas.<\/p><p>La ligne 15 illustre le fait que si <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person<\/span> n\u2019est pas<span style=\"color: #ff2600;\"> None<\/span> (i.e. si une personne a e\u0301te\u0301 trouve\u0301e) alors la se\u0301rialisation des donne\u0301es est un peu diffe\u0301rente. <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">On ne spe\u0301cifie pas many = True lors de la cre\u0301ation de l\u2019instance<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">PersonSchema<\/span>. On laisse <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">many = False<\/span> (valeur par de\u0301faut) car il y a un seul objet a\u0300 se\u0301rialiser.<\/p><p>La ligne 16 fait appel a\u0300 la me\u0301thode <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">dump<\/span> de <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_schema<\/span> et l\u2019attribut <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">data<\/span> de l\u2019objet re\u0301sultant est renvoye\u0301.<\/p><p>La ligne 19 utilise la me\u0301thode Flask <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">abort(<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">)<\/span> pour renvoyer un message d\u2019erreur si <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person<\/span> vaut <span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">None<\/span> (aucune personne n\u2019a e\u0301te\u0301 trouve\u0301e).<\/p><p>Le module <span style=\"color: #0433ff;\">people.py<\/span> doit e\u0301galement e\u0302tre modifie\u0301 pour ce qui est de la cre\u0301ation de nouvelles personnes dans la base de donne\u0301es :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19e5a70 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"19e5a70\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3217a18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3217a18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/salimlardjane1\/2f3770f1e65988e4c78b9d9aed2ec342.js\"><\/script>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8606eeb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"8606eeb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baace6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"baace6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On utilise la classe Marshmallow <\/span><\/i><span style=\"color: #9437ff;\"><i>PersonSchema <\/i><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour <\/span><\/i><b><i>de\u0301se\u0301rialiser <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">une structure JSON envoye\u0301e avec la reque\u0302te HTTP afin d\u2019obtenir un objet SQLAlchemy Person.<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les lignes 9 et 10 de\u0301finissent les variables <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">fname <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">lname <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a\u0300 partir de la structure <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">Person <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">passe\u0301e dans le corps de la reque\u0302te HTTP POST.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les lignes 12 a\u0300 15 utilisent la classe SQLAlchemy <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">Person <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour reque\u0302ter la base sur l\u2019existence d\u2019une personne de nom et pre\u0301nom de me\u0302me valeur que <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">lname <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et <\/span><span style=\"color: #9437ff;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fname<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La ligne 18 ve\u0301rifie si <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">existing_person <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vaut <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #ff2600;\">None <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(la personne n\u2019a pas e\u0301te\u0301 trouve\u0301e).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La ligne 21 cre\u0301e une instance de <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">PersonSchema <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nomme\u0301e <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">schema<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La ligne 22 utilise la variable <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">schema<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour charger les donne\u0301es contenues dans les variables parame\u0300tres de <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">person <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et cre\u0301er une nouvelle instance de la classe SQLAlchemy <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">Person<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">appele\u0301e <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">new_person<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La ligne 25 ajoute l\u2019instance <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">new_person <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a\u0300 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">db.session<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La ligne 26 enregistre l\u2019instance <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">new_person <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dans la base de donne\u0301es, ce qui a pour effet de lui assigner un identifiant (compteur entier auto-incre\u0301mente\u0301) et un \u00ab timestamp \u00bb.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La ligne 33 utilise la me\u0301thode Flask <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #ff2600;\">abort( ) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour renvoyer un message d\u2019erreur si <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #9437ff;\">existing_person <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ne vaut pas <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #ff2600;\">None<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire si la personne existe de\u0301ja\u0300 dans la base de donne\u0301es.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a20daf1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"a20daf1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5fc3df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5fc3df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><h3 data-elementor-setting-key=\"title\" data-pen-placeholder=\"\u00c9crivez ici...\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;\">Mise \u00e0 jour de l\u2019UI Swagger<\/h3><\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77e9cdd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"77e9cdd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c84af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17c84af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les modifications pre\u0301ce\u0301dentes ayant e\u0301te\u0301 effectue\u0301es, notre nouvelle API est fonctionnelle.<\/p><p>Ces modifications sont refle\u0301te\u0301es par l\u2019interface Swagger associe\u0301e a\u0300 l\u2019API.<\/p><p>Voici a\u0300 quoi ressemble a\u0300 pre\u0301sent cette dernie\u0300re :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbf7d20 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"bbf7d20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cc1760 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3cc1760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2022-08-09-a\u0300-10.31.15-1-qr9079tx5xng0xbga1a6jde67zcyr94f98dmg3y1og.png\" title=\"Capture d\u2019e\u0301cran 2022-08-09 a\u0300 10.31.15 (1)\" alt=\"API rest swagger fichier\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77bc007 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"77bc007\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec3a48c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec3a48c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le parame\u0300tre de chemin <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">lname<\/span> a e\u0301te\u0301 remplace\u0301 par <span style=\"color: #9437ff;\">person_id<\/span> qui est la clef primaire de la base de donne\u0301es.<\/p><p>Les modifications apporte\u0301es a\u0300 l\u2019UI sont les re\u0301sultats combine\u0301s des modifications apporte\u0301es au fichier <span style=\"color: #0433ff;\">swagger.yml<\/span> et des modifications correspondantes du code.<\/p><p>C\u2019est ici que s\u2019ach\u00e8ve cette s\u00e9rie d\u2019articles autour de la programmation d\u2019API Web avec Python.\u00a0<\/p><p>Pour aller plus loin, on pourra consulter les articles, en anglais, de Doug Farrell :<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/realpython.com\/flask-connexion-rest-api-part-3\/\">https:\/\/realpython.com\/flask-connexion-rest-api-part-3\/\u00a0<\/a><\/p><p>et<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/realpython.com\/flask-connexion-rest-api-part-4\/\">https:\/\/realpython.com\/flask-connexion-rest-api-part-4\/\u00a0<\/a><\/p><p>Merci pour votre attention !<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8dda43 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"e8dda43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f66ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2f66ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Bibliographie<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed136dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed136dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Creating Web APIs with Python and Flask, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Patrick Smyth, 2022 :<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/programminghistorian.org\/en\/lessons\/creating-apis-with-python-and-flask\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> https:\/\/programminghistorian.org\/en\/lessons\/creating-apis-with-python-and-flask<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Python REST APIs With Flask, Connexion, and SQLAlchemy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Doug Farrell, 2022 :&nbsp; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/realpython.com\/flask-connexion-rest-api\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/realpython.com\/flask-connexion-rest-api\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Python REST APIs With Flask, Connexion, and SQLAlchemy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Doug Farrell, 2022 : <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/realpython.com\/flask-connexion-rest-api-part-2\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/realpython.com\/flask-connexion-rest-api-part-2\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flask RESTful documentation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 2020 :<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/flask-restful.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/index.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> https:\/\/flask-restful.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/index.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flask Web Development : Developing Web Applications with Python<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2\u00e8me \u00e9dition). M. Grinberg. O\u2019Reilly 2018.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-Based Software Architectures<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. T. Fielding. Th\u00e8se, Universit\u00e9 de Californie, 2000.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nous avons vu dans les quatre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents articles un premier exemple de programmation d\u2019une API Web sous Flask. Comment connecter une API Web \u00e0 une base de donn\u00e9e SQLite. Comment programmer et documenter une API Web avec Python, Flask, Swagger et Connexion. et nous avons introduit les outils permettant de combiner ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments avec la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":165052,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Construire des API avec diff\u00e9rentes applications (Partie II)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dans ce cinqui\u00e8me et dernier article, nous allons mettre \u00e0 jour notre API en utilisant les connaissances acquises pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/construire-des-api-python-deuxieme-partie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Construire des API avec diff\u00e9rentes applications (Partie II)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/construire-des-api-python-deuxieme-partie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-17T13:58:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-26T13:06:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/api_flask_blog_4-91-2048x1124-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1124\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Salim Lardjane\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Salim Lardjane\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/construire-des-api-python-deuxieme-partie\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/construire-des-api-python-deuxieme-partie\",\"name\":\"Construire des API avec diff\u00e9rentes applications (Partie II)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-17T13:58:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-26T13:06:54+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/117e8a03bd4dcdb2740a26887f660ff3\"},\"description\":\"Dans ce cinqui\u00e8me et dernier article, nous allons mettre \u00e0 jour notre API en utilisant les connaissances acquises pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/construire-des-api-python-deuxieme-partie\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/\",\"name\":\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\",\"description\":\"Leader de la formation en Data Science\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/117e8a03bd4dcdb2740a26887f660ff3\",\"name\":\"Salim Lardjane\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1712345903860.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1712345903860.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Salim Lardjane\"},\"description\":\"Salim Lardjane est ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en statistique \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 Bretagne Sud, o\u00f9 il enseigne depuis plus de 20 ans. 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