{"id":19434,"date":"2020-11-30T08:43:44","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T08:43:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=19434"},"modified":"2023-11-09T14:11:25","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T14:11:25","slug":"tuto-sql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/tuto-sql","title":{"rendered":"SQL Tuto : Top 5 des m\u00e9thodes les plus utiles"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"19434\" class=\"elementor elementor-19434\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a20f92 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"1a20f92\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17034d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17034d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Le SQL ou \u00ab\u00a0Structured Query Language\u00a0\u00bb est un <strong>langage de programmation<\/strong> aujourd&rsquo;hui quasiment indispensable pour g\u00e9rer des bases de donn\u00e9es. (<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/sql-tout-savoir\">Retrouvez la fiche m\u00e9mo SQL<\/a>). Dans un monde o\u00f9 la donn\u00e9e est une <b>ressource \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re<\/b>, on comprend ais\u00e9ment pourquoi savoir utiliser ce langage est une comp\u00e9tence tr\u00e8s recherch\u00e9e.<\/p><p>Dans cet article, nous allons vous pr\u00e9senter tr\u00e8s succinctement le fonctionnement de ce langage. Puis les 5 m\u00e9thodes qu\u2019il faut conna\u00eetre pour <b>bien d\u00e9buter en SQL<\/b>. En route pour ce Tuto SQL !<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-969e8c0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"969e8c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb64df3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb64df3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1) Fonctionnement de SQL<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25c8a4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25c8a4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le principal avantage de SQL, et qui explique probablement son succ\u00e8s, est<\/span><b> la simplicit\u00e9 de sa syntaxe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 beaucoup de langages s\u2019encombrent d\u2019une indentation stricte, d\u2019un vocabulaire sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 et de longues lignes de code, SQL pr\u00e9sente des m\u00e9thodes qui tiennent sur une ligne, et qui s\u2019approche du <\/span><b>langage courant.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple : SELECT Name FROM Clients\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Signifie litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab\u00a0S\u00e9lectionner noms provenant de clients\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/sql-tout-savoir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le langage SQL<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0est bas\u00e9 sur le syst\u00e8me de<\/span><b> tables relationnelles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Pour simplifier, on peut se repr\u00e9senter les tables comme de grands tableaux. Quant aux relations entre deux tables, il s\u2019agit de points communs entre 2 colonnes de 2 tables diff\u00e9rentes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple, le g\u00e9rant d\u2019une m\u00e9diath\u00e8que stocke des informations concernant ses clients et ses livres dans des tables relationnelles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ainsi, il utilise une table \u00ab\u00a0Clients\u00a0\u00bb qui contient pour chaque client son identifiant, son pr\u00e9nom, son nom, son adresse, et la date de sa derni\u00e8re souscription \u00e0 la m\u00e9diath\u00e8que.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans cette table, 2 lignes peuvent poss\u00e9der le m\u00eame nom, le m\u00eame pr\u00e9nom ou la m\u00eame date de souscription. En revanche, l\u2019identifiant a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour \u00eatre unique. On appelle cette colonne la <\/span><b>cl\u00e9 primaire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de \u00ab\u00a0clients\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ec4ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3ec4ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-19441\" alt=\"tuto sql\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image1.jpg 443w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image1-300x142.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-126a76b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"126a76b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les cl\u00e9s primaires sont essentielles puisqu\u2019elles permettent de<\/span><b> distinguer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> les lignes entre elles. <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous pourrons par exemple utiliser cette cl\u00e9 pour suivre les actions des diff\u00e9rents clients sans les confondre.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le g\u00e9rant utilise aussi une table \u201cEmprunts\u201d qui contient cette fois pour chaque emprunt en cours l\u2019identifiant de l\u2019emprunt et du client, le titre du livre, l\u2019auteur et le nombre de jours qui se sont \u00e9coul\u00e9s depuis la date l\u2019emprunt.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a20ccb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0a20ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"728\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image2.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-19450\" alt=\"tuto sql\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image2.png 728w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image2-300x105.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1784bc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1784bc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On se rend alors compte que les<\/span><b> identifiants des clients<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sont pr\u00e9sents \u00e0 la fois dans la table \u00ab\u00a0Clients\u00a0\u00bb et dans la base \u00ab\u00a0Emprunts\u00a0\u00bb. A ce titre, on peut dire que ces deux tables entretiennent une<\/span><b> relation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il nous est donc possible d\u2019effectuer des requ\u00eates SQL pour tirer des informations provenant de l\u2019une, l\u2019autre ou<\/span><b> des deux tables \u00e0 la fois<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On pourrait par exemple imaginer que le g\u00e9rant souhaite avoir le nom et le pr\u00e9nom de tous les clients qui ont emprunt\u00e9 un livre il y a plus de 3 semaines sans l\u2019avoir rendu pour pouvoir leur envoyer un rappel.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a5f3f8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"9a5f3f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5753547 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5753547\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2) Les 5 m\u00e9thodes les plus utiles<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-831ef00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"831ef00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintenant que vous avez une id\u00e9e du fonctionnement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de SQL, nous allons entrer dans le vif du sujet.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les lignes de code en SQL sont appel\u00e9es des requ\u00eates. Elles sont constitu\u00e9es de m\u00e9thodes, qui sont des mots \u00e9crits en majuscule, ainsi que d\u2019attributs, qui sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des noms de tables ou de colonnes, \u00e9crits en minuscule. <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e98f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c4e98f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A) CREATE TABLE<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-465d071 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"465d071\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La premi\u00e8re m\u00e9thode que vous serez amen\u00e9 \u00e0 utiliser est CREATE TABLE. En effet, il s\u2019agit de la syntaxe permettant, comme son nom l\u2019indique, de<\/span><b> cr\u00e9er une table<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour effectuer une telle op\u00e9ration, il faut tout d\u2019abord pr\u00e9ciser le nom de la table, ainsi que le nom et le type des colonnes que l\u2019on souhaite lui attribuer. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3e05eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3e05eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B) SELECT \u2026 FROM ...<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06059a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06059a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il s\u2019agit certainement de la m\u00e9thode la plus utilis\u00e9e. C\u2019est celle qui nous permet de <\/span><b>s\u00e9lectionner une colonne<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e0 partir d\u2019une table.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il faut pr\u00e9ciser les colonnes que l\u2019on souhaite s\u00e9lectionner apr\u00e8s \u00ab\u00a0SELECT\u00a0\u00bb et dans quel table chercher apr\u00e8s \u00ab\u00a0FROM\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple, pour s\u00e9lectionner la liste des pr\u00e9noms et des noms de la table \u00ab\u00a0Clients\u00a0\u00bb, la syntaxe est :<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f144195 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"f144195\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f174c38 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"f174c38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d77207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d77207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT Pr\u00e9nom, Nom FROM Clients<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4643fe8 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"4643fe8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5df4260 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5df4260\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"189\" height=\"172\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/unnamed-4.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19468\" alt=\"sql\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33ff5e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"33ff5e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c359819 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c359819\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 noter que l\u2019on voit souvent * apr\u00e8s SELECT. Ce symbole signifie \u00ab\u00a0all\u00a0\u00bb autrement dit, si l\u2019on souhaite s\u00e9lectionner <\/span><b>int\u00e9gralement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> la table \u00ab\u00a0Clients\u00a0\u00bb on \u00e9crira :<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT * FROM Clients<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db05fe7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db05fe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C) WHERE<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-460c41d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"460c41d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comme on a pu le voir, SELECT permet de s\u00e9lectionner toutes les lignes d\u2019une <\/span><b>colonne<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0 WHERE permet de pr\u00e9ciser quelles<\/span><b> lignes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on souhaite s\u00e9lectionner ou non au sein de cette colonne.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ainsi, on utilise WHERE apr\u00e8s un SELECT \u2026 FROM \u2026 en explicitant la condition qui fait que l\u2019on s\u00e9lectionne une ligne et pas une autre.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple, pour s\u00e9lectionner la date de souscription des clients dont le nom est \u201cDupond\u201d la syntaxe est :<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT Date_Souscription FROM Clients WHERE Nom = Dupond<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9ae00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9d9ae00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"189\" height=\"172\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/unnamed-4.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-19468\" alt=\"sql\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ae2e69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ae2e69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D) FULL JOIN \u2026 ON ...<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dfaba0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2dfaba0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintenant que nous savons comment s\u00e9lectionner pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment<\/span><b> les colonnes et les lignes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d\u2019une table, nous allons voir comment tirer des informations de <\/span><b>deux tables<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e0 la fois. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous avons pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment parl\u00e9 du fait que les tables Clients et Emprunts entretenaient une<\/span><b> relation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> car elles contiennent toutes les deux une colonne contenant les identifiants des clients.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il nous est donc possible de<\/span><b> fusionner <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ces deux tables pour n\u2019en avoir plus qu\u2019une, int\u00e9grant toutes les informations des deux pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour cela, il est possible d\u2019utiliser la m\u00e9thode FULL JOIN \u2026 ON \u2026. Cette derni\u00e8re s\u2019utilise avec apr\u00e8s un SELECT \u2026 FROM \u2026 On pr\u00e9cise tout d\u2019abord les deux <\/span><b>tables<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e0 joindre, puis les <\/span><b>colonnes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> qui entretiennent une relation.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple, pour s\u00e9lectionner toutes les colonnes de la fusion entre Clients et Emprunts, <strong>la syntaxe est :<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><em><strong>SELECT *\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p><em><strong>FROM\u00a0 Clients FULL JOIN Emprunts\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p><em><strong>ON Clients.Clients_id = Emprunts.Clients_id<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-247dd1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"247dd1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1062\" height=\"299\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/sqll.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-19475\" alt=\"sql\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/sqll.png 1062w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/sqll-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/sqll-1024x288.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/sqll-768x216.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1062px) 100vw, 1062px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01fb4f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01fb4f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous appellerons cette nouvelle table Fusion par la suite.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Puisque les deux tables ont des noms de colonnes identiques, il est n\u00e9cessaire de pr\u00e9ciser le nom de la table avant le nom de la colonne. Par exemple\u00a0 Clients.Clients_id repr\u00e9sente la colonne Clients_id de la table Clients.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On remarque aussi que certaines cases contiennent des \u201cNaN\u201d autrement dit des valeurs manquantes. En effet, Isabelle dupond n\u2019a pas d\u2019emprunts en cours.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il existe d\u2019autres types d\u2019unions (LEFT UNION, RIGHT UNION, INNER JOIN) permettant de conserver ou non ce type de lignes qui peuvent \u00eatre probl\u00e9matiques. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b096ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b096ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">E) GROUP BY<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d932ab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d932ab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous savons d\u00e9sormais comment <\/span><b>fusionner<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> plusieurs tables, mais il est parfois utile au contraire de <\/span><b>r\u00e9duire <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">une table pour ne conserver que les informations essentielles. Par exemple, il peut-\u00eatre pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d\u2019afficher une moyenne plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un grand nombre de lignes pour des questions de lisibilit\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GROUP BY s\u2019utilise apr\u00e8s un SELECT\u2026 FROM \u2026. On pr\u00e9cise alors le nom de la colonne sur laquelle on souhaite regrouper les donn\u00e9es. Cependant, pour r\u00e9aliser une op\u00e9ration comme une moyenne, une somme\u2026 Il est n\u00e9cessaire de le pr\u00e9ciser apr\u00e8s le SELECT.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple, pour s\u00e9lectionner le nombre de jour depuis la date de l\u2019emprunt le plus ancien, pour chaque client de la m\u00e9diath\u00e8que, la syntaxe est :<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT Clients_id, MAX(Dur\u00e9e) FROM Fusion GROUP BY Clients_id<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f378e99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f378e99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"222\" height=\"207\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/pasted-image-0.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-19479\" alt=\"sql\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40830e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40830e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous en avons fini avec les 5 m\u00e9thodes les plus utiles en SQL. Vous avez d\u00e9sormais les cl\u00e9s pour bien d\u00e9buter en <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/sql-tout-savoir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SQL<\/a>. Si ce langage vous int\u00e9resse et que vous souhaitez, je vous invite \u00e0 aller voir notre article traitant de l\u2019histoire et des cas applications de ce langage.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5024cf7 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"5024cf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/css\/custom-pro-widget-call-to-action.min.css?ver=1730971027\">\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/infography_SQL-03.png\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/infography_SQL-03.png);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"SQL\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTOUT SAVOIR SUR SQL\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCa tombe bien, on en a fait une fiche m\u00e9mo ! \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-sm\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tD\u00c9COUVRIR\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f644891 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f644891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9marrer une formation en SQL<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le SQL ou \u00ab\u00a0Structured Query Language\u00a0\u00bb est un langage de programmation aujourd&rsquo;hui quasiment indispensable pour g\u00e9rer des bases de donn\u00e9es. (Retrouvez la fiche m\u00e9mo SQL). Dans un monde o\u00f9 la donn\u00e9e est une ressource \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re, on comprend ais\u00e9ment pourquoi savoir utiliser ce langage est une comp\u00e9tence tr\u00e8s recherch\u00e9e. Dans cet article, nous allons [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":22360,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SQL Tuto : Top 5 des m\u00e9thodes les plus utiles - L&#039;essentiel pour d\u00e9marrer !<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tuto SQL : Dans cet article, d\u00e9couvrez le fonctionnement de ce langage avec les 5 m\u00e9thodes qu\u2019il faut conna\u00eetre pour bien d\u00e9buter\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/tuto-sql\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SQL Tuto : Top 5 des m\u00e9thodes les plus utiles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/tuto-sql\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-30T08:43:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-09T14:11:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/illu_top5SQL_blog-25.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1406\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/tuto-sql\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/tuto-sql\",\"name\":\"SQL Tuto : Top 5 des m\u00e9thodes les plus utiles - L'essentiel pour d\u00e9marrer !\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-30T08:43:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-09T14:11:25+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/7af2361c48e24e79a8aa2360e6e74925\"},\"description\":\"Tuto SQL : Dans cet article, d\u00e9couvrez le fonctionnement de ce langage avec les 5 m\u00e9thodes qu\u2019il faut conna\u00eetre pour bien d\u00e9buter\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/tuto-sql\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/\",\"name\":\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\",\"description\":\"Leader de la formation en Data Science\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/7af2361c48e24e79a8aa2360e6e74925\",\"name\":\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/jeremyrobert.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/jeremyrobert.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert\"},\"description\":\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert est actuellement Directeur p\u00e9dagogique B2B chez DataScientest.com. 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