{"id":194964,"date":"2023-03-30T14:36:59","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T14:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=194964"},"modified":"2024-09-14T20:27:04","modified_gmt":"2024-09-14T20:27:04","slug":"regex-tout-savoir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/regex-tout-savoir","title":{"rendered":"Regex (expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re): Qu&rsquo;est-ce que c&rsquo;est ? Comment s&rsquo;en servir ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"194964\" class=\"elementor elementor-194964\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6a36fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"b6a36fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f45a933 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f45a933\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dans le monde de l\u2019informatique, nous sommes souvent amen\u00e9s \u00e0 effectuer des t\u00e2ches se rapportant au traitement de texte. Il existe un outil universel appel\u00e9 regex, pr\u00e9sentant souvent les solutions les plus performantes dans ce domaine. Les expressions r\u00e9guli\u00e8res souffrent cependant d\u2019une m\u00e9connaissance globale de leur fonctionnement, d\u00fb \u00e0 leur apparence parfois\u2026 d\u00e9routante.<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca584bc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"ca584bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-520e2fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"520e2fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38883b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38883b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, aussi plus commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9e <\/span><b>regex<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, est \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue une simple cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res. Ce qui la diff\u00e9rencie ? Une syntaxe particuli\u00e8re qui, une fois interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e, d\u00e9crit alors un plus vaste <\/span><b>ensemble de cha\u00eenes de caract\u00e8res<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. On appelle cette cha\u00eene descriptive un <\/span><b>motif <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ou <\/span><b>pattern <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">en anglais.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019un langage de programmation \u00e0 proprement parler : la quasi-int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des langages disposent d\u2019une biblioth\u00e8que regex permettant l\u2019utilisation des expressions r\u00e9guli\u00e8res. De plus, la syntaxe ne varie que tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019un langage \u00e0 l\u2019autre, ce qui facilite grandement la compatibilit\u00e9 entre les diff\u00e9rentes plateformes, d\u2019o\u00f9 le terme \u201c<\/span><b>universel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">employ\u00e9 en introduction.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c89c106 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"c89c106\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-589b645 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"589b645\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0 quoi sert une expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37a7699 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37a7699\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous l\u2019avez peut-\u00eatre devin\u00e9 : gr\u00e2ce aux regexes, nous pouvons<\/span><b> isoler un certain type de texte et proc\u00e9der \u00e0 un traitement sp\u00e9cifique sur les \u00e9chantillons pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le cas le plus simple consiste \u00e0 remplacer un mot par un autre dans un document. On peut aussi diminuer notre tol\u00e9rance en autorisant certains \u00e9carts. Ci-dessous, un exemple :<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f9c14f elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"7f9c14f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/victorDST\/ab6ac9364f29415396fd076e5a9a995f.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d91973d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d91973d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce code rep\u00e8re les occurrences de l\u2019expression \u00ab\u00a0regex\u00a0\u00bb et ses variantes dans le paragraphe et les remplace par \u00ab\u00a0expression(s) r\u00e9guli\u00e8re(s)\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d48091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d48091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u2019autres utilisations des regexes existent en <\/span><b>cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, lorsque vous cr\u00e9ez un compte sur un nouveau site, celui-ci requiert un mot de passe respectant un certain nombre de r\u00e8gles. Pour v\u00e9rifier si le mot de passe que vous ins\u00e9rez n\u2019est pas en conflit avec le contrat, une regex est appliqu\u00e9e. De m\u00eame, lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de rentrer une adresse mail valide, il faut assurer la pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019arobase (pour ne citer qu\u2019une contrainte) ; cela est relativement facile \u00e0 retranscrire en termes de regexes.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-812e54a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"812e54a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1122\" height=\"419\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-128-e1680030182839.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-194968\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-128-e1680030182839.png 1122w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-128-e1680030182839-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-128-e1680030182839-1024x382.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-128-e1680030182839-768x287.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1122px) 100vw, 1122px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Le code pour v\u00e9rifier si une adresse mail est valide (faire une version aux couleurs DST)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5499cd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5499cd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enfin, on retrouve les regexes en <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/introduction-au-nlp-natural-language-processing\">traitement automatique du langage naturel<\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><b>NLP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), en <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/web-scraping-theorie-et-application-accessible-a-tous\">webscraping<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, en <\/span><b>reconnaissance de motifs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2026 Cette liste n\u2019est pas du tout exhaustive, et vous serez tr\u00e8s certainement amen\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre un probl\u00e8me de Data Science impliquant ces derni\u00e8res !<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c4826c elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3c4826c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-sql\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Apprendre \u00e0 utiliser le regex<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33120e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"33120e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-457ee06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"457ee06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Une apparence tr\u00e8s controvers\u00e9e<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c13820 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c13820\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le dernier code peut mettre la puce \u00e0 l\u2019oreille : sans connaissance au pr\u00e9alable de l\u2019architecture regex, difficile d\u2019y comprendre grand chose\u2026 C\u2019est cet aspect <\/span><b>indigeste <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">qui porte pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 cet outil pourtant loin d\u2019\u00eatre compliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser ! Il n\u2019y a en effet qu\u2019une poign\u00e9e de lois r\u00e9gissant cette syntaxe, que nous allons essayer de d\u00e9briefer.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Observons l\u2019expression suivante :<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[regex pour d\u00e9terminer un pseudo valide (faire une image en couleur et en plusieurs parties)]<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65fc8e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"65fc8e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2193\" height=\"109\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-129.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-194969\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-129.png 2193w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-129-300x15.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-129-1024x51.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-129-768x38.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-129-1536x76.png 1536w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Fichier-129-2048x102.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2193px) 100vw, 2193px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14e7cd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14e7cd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour d\u00e9terminer le fonctionnement d\u2019une regex, la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape consiste \u00e0 la d\u00e9composer en plusieurs sous-groupes. Cela tombe bien, le concept de <\/span><b>groupe <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">existe formellement : ils sont d\u00e9limit\u00e9s par des <\/span><b>parenth\u00e8ses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Certaines parenth\u00e8ses ne sont pas <\/span><b>capturantes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(comme celles associ\u00e9es \u00e0 un lookahead) mais en r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, on compte chaque groupe par ordre <\/span><b>d\u2019ouverture <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de la parenth\u00e8se. Un groupe peut \u00eatre capturant ou non en renseignant les caract\u00e8res \u00ab\u00a0?:\u00a0\u00bb en d\u00e9but de parenth\u00e8se. Pour \u00eatre plus clair, un groupe <\/span><b>capturant <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">est un sous-ensemble du pattern global qui peut \u00eatre isol\u00e9 lors d\u2019une recherche de motif.<\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019accent circonflexe \u00ab\u00a0<strong>^<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb en d\u00e9but de liste est un caract\u00e8re sp\u00e9cial ; il signifie que l\u2019expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re ne capture que les occurrences en d\u00e9but de ligne. Inversement, le signe dollar $ assure que la fin de l\u2019occurrence correspond \u00e0 la fin d\u2019une ligne.<\/span><\/li><li><strong>[A-Z\u00c9] :<\/strong> Lorsque des crochets sont pr\u00e9sents, cela signifie qu\u2019on accepte un (et un seul, s\u2019il n\u2019y a aucune indication ult\u00e9rieure comme c\u2019est le cas ici) caract\u00e8re parmi l\u2019ensemble fourni. A-Z correspond \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0n&rsquo;importe quelle lettre entre A majuscule et Z majuscule\u201d (sensible \u00e0 la casse !), auquel on ajoute la lettre \u00c9. Cette premi\u00e8re partie du regex capte donc <b>une lettre majuscule<\/b><span>.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>(pattern)+ :<\/strong> le signe + permet de capturer pattern entre 1 et une infinit\u00e9 de fois.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>((pattern1)|(pattern2)) :<\/strong> le symbole | signifie \u201cnous capturons soit pattern1, soit pattern2\u201d<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<strong> ([a-z\u00e9\u00e8\u00e0\\- ])(?!\\3{2}) ) :<\/strong> la premi\u00e8re parenth\u00e8se fonctionne de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re que le premier groupe. On ne capture que les caract\u00e8res pr\u00e9sents dans le crochet ; de a \u00e0 z minuscules, puis les accents, un espace, et le caract\u00e8re sp\u00e9cial -. Pour appeler un caract\u00e8re sp\u00e9cifique, il faut ajouter un back-slash \\.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La deuxi\u00e8me parenth\u00e8se est un <\/span><b>lookahead n\u00e9gatif<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Un lookahead, comme son nom l\u2019indique, observe la suite de la cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res et rajoute une condition pour que l\u2019expression puisse \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e. Ici, cela se traduit par la condition \u201cl\u2019expression<\/span><strong><i> ([a-z\u00e9\u00e8\u00e0\\- ])<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> capture du texte uniquement si elle n\u2019est pas suivie par l\u2019expression <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\\3{2}<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\\3{2} :<\/strong> Lorsqu\u2019on \u00e9chappe un nombre (i.e lorsqu\u2019un nombre est pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 du signe \\), ce dernier fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au groupe associ\u00e9. \\3 correspond ainsi au <\/span><b>troisi\u00e8me<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> groupe du regex !<br \/><\/span>En revanche, si un nombre est contenu entre accolades, il indique le nombre exact d&rsquo;occurrences du groupe pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<br \/>En d\u2019autres termes, ce pattern signifie \u201ccapture un caract\u00e8re parmi l\u2019ensemble [a-z\u00e9\u00e8\u00e0\\- ] sous r\u00e9serve qu\u2019il ne se r\u00e9p\u00e8te pas plus de deux fois\u201d.<\/li><li><strong>(?&lt;=\\s)([A-Z\u00c9])(?![A-Z\u00c9]) :<\/strong> de m\u00eame qu\u2019avec un lookahead, le premier groupe de parenth\u00e8ses est un lookbehind positif. \\s capture tout espace blanc (un espace, une tabulation). En suivant la m\u00eame logique, on devine que cette expression se traduit par la phrase \u201ccapture une lettre majuscule (A, B, &#8230;, Z, ou \u00c9) uniquement s\u2019il est pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 d\u2019un espace blanc et n\u2019est PAS suivi par une autre lettre majuscule\u201d.<\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finalement, <strong>(.+)<\/strong> signifie que l\u2019on accepte n\u2019importe quel caract\u00e8re de mani\u00e8re illimit\u00e9e.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eab582f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eab582f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avec toutes ces r\u00e8gles en place, la totalit\u00e9 de ce regex devient soudainement tr\u00e8s intuitive !<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5dd3a6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"d5dd3a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75a347c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"75a347c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">regex101 : une plateforme pour v\u00e9rifier vos regexes<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-862a20c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"862a20c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour v\u00e9rifier le comportement d\u2019une expression fra\u00eechement cr\u00e9\u00e9e, un site tr\u00e8s pratique existe : <a href=\"https:\/\/regex101.com\/\">https:\/\/regex101.com\/ <\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avec cette interface, renseignez votre regex et le langage de programmation associ\u00e9s, puis inscrivez n\u2019importe quelle cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8re dans l\u2019espace d\u00e9di\u00e9. Lorsque le pattern capture du texte, celui-ci sera surlign\u00e9 et relev\u00e9 par le site.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si la partie pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente vous a laiss\u00e9e perplexe, observez le texte qu\u2019elle capture (ou non) :<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e656bbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e656bbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"978\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image2-5.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-194970\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image2-5.png 978w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image2-5-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image2-5-768x326.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 978px) 100vw, 978px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ace4cc1 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ace4cc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"\/formation-sql\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Se former au regex<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c5ee1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0c5ee1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce pattern ne prend que les pseudonymes valides selon une syntaxe d\u00e9finie.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77743fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"77743fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62d5a57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"62d5a57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pour r\u00e9sumer<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c91656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c91656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les regexes sont \u00e0 la fois simples d\u2019utilisation et extr\u00eamement versatiles ; ma\u00eetriser cet outil se r\u00e9v\u00e8le \u00eatre un atout d\u2019envergure. S\u2019il est effectivement possible en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de r\u00e9soudre un probl\u00e8me sans y avoir recours, la solution regex est tr\u00e8s souvent <\/span><b>la plus efficace de toutes.<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous disposons d\u2019une cheat sheet sur les regexes pour vous aider \u00e0 pratiquer :<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33dfc57 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"33dfc57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/css\/custom-pro-widget-call-to-action.min.css?ver=1730971027\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Cheatsheet_regex_FR-_2_-1-1024x724.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Cheatsheet_regex_FR-_2_ (1)\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCheat Sheet Regex\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-sm\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00e9l\u00e9charger le m\u00e9mo\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b89cbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b89cbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 consulter nos <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-deep-learning\/natural-language-processing\">formations sur le NLP<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Le NLP est un domaine fortement prolifique de l\u2019IA d\u00e9frayant les chroniques ; vous pouvez lire <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/comment-fonctionne-chatgpt\">notre article sur le fonctionnement du tr\u00e8s fameux ChatGPT<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour vous en convaincre !<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb2c7f3 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"eb2c7f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"\/formation-sql\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir notre formation en SQL<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64d9c9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"64d9c9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0115059 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0115059\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Une expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, aussi plus commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9e regex, est \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue une simple cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res. Ce qui la diff\u00e9rencie ? Une syntaxe particuli\u00e8re qui, une fois interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e, d\u00e9crit alors un plus vaste ensemble de cha\u00eenes de caract\u00e8res. On appelle cette cha\u00eene descriptive un motif ou pattern en anglais.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"\u00c0 quoi sert une expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Vous l\u2019avez peut-\u00eatre devin\u00e9 : gr\u00e2ce aux regexes, nous pouvons isoler un certain type de texte et proc\u00e9der \u00e0 un traitement sp\u00e9cifique sur les \u00e9chantillons pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s. Le cas le plus simple consiste \u00e0 remplacer un mot par un autre dans un document. On peut aussi diminuer notre tol\u00e9rance en autorisant certains \u00e9carts.\"\r\n    }\r\n  }]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le monde de l\u2019informatique, nous sommes souvent amen\u00e9s \u00e0 effectuer des t\u00e2ches se rapportant au traitement de texte. Il existe un outil universel appel\u00e9 regex, pr\u00e9sentant souvent les solutions les plus performantes dans ce domaine. Les expressions r\u00e9guli\u00e8res souffrent cependant d\u2019une m\u00e9connaissance globale de leur fonctionnement, d\u00fb \u00e0 leur apparence parfois\u2026 d\u00e9routante. Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":194966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Regex (expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re): Qu&#039;est-ce que c&#039;est ? Comment s&#039;en servir ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dans le monde de l\u2019informatique, nous sommes souvent amen\u00e9s \u00e0 effectuer des t\u00e2ches se rapportant au traitement de texte.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/regex-tout-savoir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Regex (expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re): Qu&#039;est-ce que c&#039;est ? 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Comment s'en servir ?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-30T14:36:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-14T20:27:04+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/7af2361c48e24e79a8aa2360e6e74925\"},\"description\":\"Dans le monde de l\u2019informatique, nous sommes souvent amen\u00e9s \u00e0 effectuer des t\u00e2ches se rapportant au traitement de texte.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/regex-tout-savoir\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/\",\"name\":\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\",\"description\":\"Leader de la formation en Data Science\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/7af2361c48e24e79a8aa2360e6e74925\",\"name\":\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/jeremyrobert.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/jeremyrobert.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert\"},\"description\":\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert est actuellement Directeur p\u00e9dagogique B2B chez DataScientest.com. Avant de rejoindre DataScientest, il a travaill\u00e9 en tant que Consultant Business Intelligence chez DEAPDATA, o\u00f9 il a g\u00e9r\u00e9 des projets dans les domaines de l'assurance, bancaire et industrie. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 Co-fondateur et pr\u00e9sident de Tripzer. En tant que consultant ind\u00e9pendant, J\u00e9r\u00e9my a propos\u00e9 des formations sur MicroStrategy pour divers niveaux professionnels. Il est dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 de l'Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 avec un Master MIAGE, combinant comp\u00e9tences en informatique et gestion.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jeremyrobert1\/\",\"Data Science\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/author\/jeremyrobert\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Regex (expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re): Qu'est-ce que c'est ? 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Comment s'en servir ?","og_url":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/regex-tout-savoir","og_site_name":"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com","article_published_time":"2023-03-30T14:36:59+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-09-14T20:27:04+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1025,"height":563,"url":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Illu_BLOG_regex_regex.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/regex-tout-savoir","url":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/regex-tout-savoir","name":"Regex (expression r\u00e9guli\u00e8re): Qu'est-ce que c'est ? 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Il est dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 de l'Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 avec un Master MIAGE, combinant comp\u00e9tences en informatique et gestion.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jeremyrobert1\/","Data Science"],"url":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/author\/jeremyrobert"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/194964"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=194964"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/194964\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/194966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=194964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=194964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=194964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}