{"id":203119,"date":"2023-06-16T10:54:08","date_gmt":"2023-06-16T10:54:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=203119"},"modified":"2023-11-09T13:51:58","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T13:51:58","slug":"langage-java-tout-savoir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/langage-java-tout-savoir","title":{"rendered":"Java : Les fondamentaux expliqu\u00e9s (JDK, JRE et JVM)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"203119\" class=\"elementor elementor-203119\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ac0279 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"8ac0279\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1126ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1126ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Java est un langage de programmation de haut niveau orient\u00e9 objet d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par James Gosling et Patrick Naughton. Il est l\u2019un des langages de programmation les plus utilis\u00e9s au monde, de par sa modulabilit\u00e9, rigueur et portabilit\u00e9. Ces caract\u00e9ristiques font qu\u2019il est fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9velopper une large gamme d'applications, allant des applications de bureau aux applications mobiles, en passant par les applications Web. Sa syntaxe est proche de celle de C++, mais a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pur\u00e9e par rapport \u00e0 ce dernier.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b287cbb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"b287cbb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eacd3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1eacd3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour comprendre les bases de Java, il est essentiel de se familiariser avec des concepts cl\u00e9s tels que le <strong>Java Development Kit (JDK)<\/strong>, le <strong>Java Runtime Environment (JRE)<\/strong> et la <strong>Java Virtual Machine (JVM)<\/strong>. Dans cet article, nous explorerons ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments fondamentaux de Java et expliquerons comment ils interagissent pour permettre l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution des programmes Java.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18f0189 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"18f0189\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbd66f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cbd66f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu'est-ce que Java Development Kit (JDK) ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcc6e09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bcc6e09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A. Pr\u00e9sentation du JDK : R\u00f4les et fonctionnalit\u00e9s dans l\u2019environnement Java<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-667a791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"667a791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le kit de d\u00e9veloppement Java (JDK) est un ensemble d\u2019outils essentiels pour le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019applications Java. Il permet de fournir un environnement complet <strong>pour \u00e9crire, compiler, d\u00e9boguer et ex\u00e9cuter des programmes Java<\/strong> (cf. I.B). Les outils fournis par le JDK sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement rencontr\u00e9s dans tous les environnements de d\u00e9veloppement logiciel.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64e2ae0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64e2ae0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B. Les composants du JDK<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a6b6dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9a6b6dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>1. Le compilateur Java (javac)<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4379e2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4379e2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Java est un <strong>langage interpr\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>, ce qui signifie qu&rsquo;il ne peut pas \u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 directement par le syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation. Pour ex\u00e9cuter un programme Java, il faut passer par un autre programme appel\u00e9 interpr\u00e9teur. L&rsquo;interpr\u00e9teur lit un fichier en bytecode, qui est le r\u00e9sultat de la compilation du code source Java.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le <strong>compilateur Java<\/strong>, qui fait partie du JDK, joue un r\u00f4le essentiel dans ce processus. Il prend le code source Java et le convertit en bytecode Java compr\u00e9hensible par la <\/span><b>Java Virtual Machine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (JVM). Le compilateur v\u00e9rifie la syntaxe, les types et effectue des optimisations lors de la compilation.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le bytecode est un code interm\u00e9diaire qui se situe entre les instructions de la machine et le code source. Ainsi, pour ex\u00e9cuter un programme Java, le code source est compil\u00e9 par le <strong>compilateur javac en bytecode<\/strong>, qui est enregistr\u00e9 dans un fichier avec une <\/span><b>extension .class<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ce bytecode n&rsquo;est pas directement utilisable, il doit \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 par la JVM, qui le transforme en code machine compr\u00e9hensible par le syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation. C&rsquo;est pourquoi Java est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un langage portable, car le bytecode reste le m\u00eame quel que soit l&rsquo;environnement d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d4979 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22d4979\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>2. Les biblioth\u00e8ques standard (Java Class Library)<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-361c8b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"361c8b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le JDK inclut une vaste biblioth\u00e8que de classes pr\u00e9d\u00e9finies, appel\u00e9es la <strong>Java Class Library<\/strong>. Ces biblioth\u00e8ques offrent un large \u00e9ventail de fonctionnalit\u00e9s pr\u00eates \u00e0 l\u2019emploi, telles que la gestion des cha\u00eenes, les op\u00e9rations sur les fichiers, les interfaces graphiques, les connexions r\u00e9seau, etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un grand nombre de classes, fournies par Java SE, impl\u00e9mentent des donn\u00e9es et traitements g\u00e9n\u00e9riques utilisables par un grand nombre d\u2019applications. Ces classes forment l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/api-tout-savoir\">API<\/a> (Application Programmer Interface) du langage Java. Toutes ces classes sont organis\u00e9es en packages (ou biblioth\u00e8ques) d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 un th\u00e8me pr\u00e9cis.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parmi les packages les plus utilis\u00e9s, on peut citer les suivants :<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>java.awt<\/strong> : classes graphiques et de gestion d\u2019interfaces<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>java.io<\/strong> : gestion des entr\u00e9es\/sorties<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>java.lang<\/strong> : classes de base (import\u00e9 par d\u00e9faut)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>java.util<\/strong> : classes utilitaires<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>javax.swing<\/strong> : autres classes graphiques<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ea04c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"35ea04c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>3. Les outils de d\u00e9veloppement<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75adb4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75adb4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le JDK propose une gamme d\u2019outils de d\u00e9veloppement pour faciliter le processus de cr\u00e9ation d\u2019applications Java. Parmi ces outils figurent le d\u00e9bogueur (jdb) pour identifier et corriger les erreurs ou encore le g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de documentation (<strong>javadoc<\/strong>) pour cr\u00e9er une documentation lisible par les d\u00e9veloppeurs.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24f0eb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"24f0eb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jdk-java-datascientest.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-203148\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jdk-java-datascientest.png 800w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jdk-java-datascientest-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jdk-java-datascientest-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8abf5bb elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8abf5bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-engineer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Tout savoir \u00e0 propos de JDK<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c3636 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"76c3636\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aed22d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5aed22d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e9sentation de Java Runtime Environment (JRE)<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ed6adb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ed6adb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A. Comprendre le JRE<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7179b00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7179b00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>1. D\u00e9finition et r\u00f4le du JRE dans l'ex\u00e9cution des programmes Java<\/ol><\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7bacbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7bacbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le <strong>Java Runtime Environment (JRE)<\/strong> est un environnement d\u2019ex\u00e9cution n\u00e9cessaire pour ex\u00e9cuter des applications Java. Il comprend la Java Virtual Machine (JVM), les biblioth\u00e8ques de classes et d\u2019autres composants essentiels. Il prend en charge l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des programmes Java en fournissant une plateforme d\u2019ex\u00e9cution pour la JVM. Il charge et ex\u00e9cute les fichiers bytecodes Java et fournit l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux biblioth\u00e8ques de classes n\u00e9cessaires. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62af1f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"62af1f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>2. Diff\u00e9rences entre le JDK et le JRE<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baca6fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"baca6fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le JDK comprend \u00e0 la fois le JRE et les outils de d\u00e9veloppement, tandis que le JRE est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des applications Java. Le JDK est utilis\u00e9 pour le<strong> d\u00e9veloppement<\/strong>, tandis que le JRE est utilis\u00e9 pour l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des applications Java.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cae07c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cae07c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>3. Importance du JRE<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f60924 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f60924\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le JRE est crucial car il garantit la portabilit\u00e9 des applications Java. <strong>Les applications Java peuvent \u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es sur n\u2019importe quel syst\u00e8me compatible avec le JRE<\/strong>, ind\u00e9pendamment du syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation sous-jacent, tandis que la JVM est disponible. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fd0a9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fd0a9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B. Les composants du JRE<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b78a530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b78a530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>1. La Java Virtual Machine (JVM)<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-185b9cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"185b9cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La Java Virtual Machine est le composant central du JRE responsable de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des programmes Java. Elle interpr\u00e8te le <\/span><b>bytecode Java<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou le compile en code natif, en fonction de l\u2019impl\u00e9mentation sp\u00e9cifique de la JVM. Il est important de noter que la JVM est \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sente dans le JDK, mais le JRE est principalement destin\u00e9 \u00e0 <\/span><b>l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des applications Java<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sans les outils de d\u00e9veloppement suppl\u00e9mentaires fournis par le JDK. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-381561f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"381561f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>2. Les biblioth\u00e8ques de classes du JRE<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3cd029 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3cd029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le JRE contient un ensemble de biblioth\u00e8ques de classes pr\u00e9d\u00e9finies. Ces biblioth\u00e8ques fournissent des fonctionnalit\u00e9s et des API permettant aux applications Java d\u2019effectuer des op\u00e9rations courantes. Ces biblioth\u00e8ques d\u2019int\u00e9grations aident les d\u00e9veloppeurs \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des connexions de donn\u00e9es transparentes entre leurs applications et services. Certaines de ces biblioth\u00e8ques incluent :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Java IDL (CORBA)<\/strong> qui utilise l\u2019architecture Common Object Request pour prendre en charge les objets distribu\u00e9s \u00e9crits en langage de programmation Java.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019<strong>API Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)<\/strong> qui fournit des outils permettant aux d\u00e9veloppeurs d\u2019\u00e9crire des applications avec acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des bases de donn\u00e9es de relations distantes, des fichiers plats et des feuilles de calcul.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)<\/strong> : une interface de programmation et un service d\u2019annuaire qui permettent aux clients de cr\u00e9er des applications portables capables de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des informations \u00e0 partir de bases de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aide de conventions de d\u00e9nomination.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad64eac elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ad64eac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jre-java-datascientest.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-203152\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jre-java-datascientest.png 800w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jre-java-datascientest-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jre-java-datascientest-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-462934b elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"462934b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-engineer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Comprendre le fonctionnement de JRE<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30b1b42 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"30b1b42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-990ed87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"990ed87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu'est-ce que Java Virtual Machine (JVM) ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39b7cf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39b7cf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A. Comprendre la JVM<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aea978 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9aea978\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>1. D\u00e9finition et r\u00f4le de la JVM dans l'ex\u00e9cution des programmes Java<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-299d92e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"299d92e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La Java Virtual Machine (JVM) est un composant essentiel de l\u2019environnement d\u2019ex\u00e9cution Java. Son r\u00f4le principal est d\u2019<strong>ex\u00e9cuter les programmes Java en convertissant le bytecode Java en instructions ex\u00e9cutables pour la machine sous-jacente<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab60c87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ab60c87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><ol>2. Portabilit\u00e9 et ind\u00e9pendance de plateforme gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la JVM<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c93e139 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c93e139\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La JVM permet la portabilit\u00e9 des programmes Java, ce qui signifie qu\u2019<strong>ils peuvent \u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s sur diff\u00e9rentes plates-formes<\/strong> sans n\u00e9cessiter de modifications majeures. Elle fournit une couche d\u2019abstraction entre le code Java et le syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation, permettant aux programmes Java d\u2019\u00eatre ind\u00e9pendants de la plateforme. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd5b6f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd5b6f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">B. Fonctionnement interne de la JVM<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06f66dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"06f66dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>1. Chargement, v\u00e9rification et ex\u00e9cution des bytecode<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f046e18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f046e18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La JVM charge les fichiers bytecodes g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par le compilateur Java. Elle effectue une v\u00e9rification rigoureuse pour s\u2019assurer que le bytecode est s\u00fbr et conforme aux r\u00e8gles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5030f1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5030f1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol>2. Gestion de la m\u00e9moire et du garbage collection<\/ol><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec0875d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec0875d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La JVM g\u00e8re la m\u00e9moire de mani\u00e8re dynamique pour allouer et lib\u00e9rer l\u2019espace n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des programmes. Elle utilise le garbage collection pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer automatiquement la m\u00e9moire utilis\u00e9e par les objets qui ne sont plus r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5e226 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a5e226\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><ol><ol>a - La pile d'appels (Stack)<\/ol><\/ol><\/h6>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b45e8fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b45e8fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La JVM utilise une pile d\u2019appels pour g\u00e9rer les appels de m\u00e9thodes et les variables locales. Chaque appel de m\u00e9thode est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par un cadre de pile, qui contient les param\u00e8tres, les variables locales et d\u2019autres informations.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae0d777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ae0d777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol><ol>b - Le tas (Heap)<\/ol><\/ol><\/h6>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fd1085 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fd1085\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le tas est une r\u00e9gion de m\u00e9moire utilis\u00e9e pour allouer les objets dynamiques cr\u00e9\u00e9s par les programmes Java. Il est g\u00e9r\u00e9 par la JVM et permet la cr\u00e9ation, la modification et la suppression des objets pendant l\u2019ex\u00e9cution.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3980c1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3980c1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\"><ol><ol>c - Collecte des d\u00e9chets (Garbage Collection)<\/ol><\/ol><\/h6>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dd0acd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2dd0acd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La JVM effectue la collecte des d\u00e9chets (garbage collection) pour lib\u00e9rer la m\u00e9moire occup\u00e9e par les objets qui ne sont plus r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9s. Cela \u00e9vite les fuites de m\u00e9moire et permet une gestion automatique de la m\u00e9moire dans les programmes Java.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e86cf39 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"e86cf39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-184f21d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"184f21d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eaddf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2eaddf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans cet article, nous avons explor\u00e9 les \u00e9l\u00e9ments fondamentaux de Java tels que le JDK, le JRE et la JVM. Le JDK est essentiel pour d\u00e9velopper des applications Java, tandis que le JRE permet l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution de ces applications sur une machine cible. La JVM joue un r\u00f4le central en interpr\u00e9tant le bytecode Java et en fournissant un environnement d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution s\u00e9curis\u00e9 et portable. En comprenant ces concepts cl\u00e9s, <strong>vous serez mieux pr\u00e9par\u00e9 pour cr\u00e9er des applications Java efficaces et performantes<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e057dbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e057dbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si l\u2019article vous a plu, et que <strong>vous souhaitez apprendre le langage Java<\/strong>, n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 consulter <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-engineer\">notre formation Data Engineer<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1d6d96 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"d1d6d96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/_kZKaG3ZOnM&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! 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Il est l\u2019un des langages de programmation les plus utilis\u00e9s au monde, de par sa modulabilit\u00e9, rigueur et portabilit\u00e9. Ces caract\u00e9ristiques font qu\u2019il est fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9velopper une large gamme d&rsquo;applications, allant des applications de bureau [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":203121,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Java : Les fondamentaux expliqu\u00e9s (JDK, JRE et JVM)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Java est un langage de programmation de haut niveau orient\u00e9 objet d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par James Gosling et Patrick Naughton. 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