{"id":212049,"date":"2023-11-02T05:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-02T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=212049"},"modified":"2023-11-09T13:34:36","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T13:34:36","slug":"llvm-tout-savoir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/llvm-tout-savoir","title":{"rendered":"LLVM : Tout savoir ce qu&rsquo;il faut savoir sur ce compilateur"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"212049\" class=\"elementor elementor-212049\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-679e84c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"679e84c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d392c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b0d392c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S\u2019il est courant pour les d\u00e9veloppeurs de r\u00e9aliser des programmes dans un langage de \u00ab haut niveau \u00bb, comme Python ou Java,  ces m\u00eames programmes doivent \u00eatre \u00ab compil\u00e9s \u00bb afin d\u2019exploiter de fa\u00e7on directe les capacit\u00e9s du microprocesseur. LLVM a fortement innov\u00e9 en la mati\u00e8re en favorisant des aspects tels que la modularit\u00e9 ou la compilation en temps r\u00e9el.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60449a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60449a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les d\u00e9veloppeurs le savent\u2026 L\u2019<strong>\u00e9criture d\u2019une suite d\u2019instructions<\/strong> dans un langage tel que <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Python<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/langage-java-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Java<\/span><\/a><\/strong> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/langage-c-plus-plus\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>C++<\/strong><\/span><\/a> n\u2019est qu\u2019une \u00e9tape dans le processus devant mener jusqu\u2019\u00e0 un programme ex\u00e9cutable. Le processus qui transforme le \u00ab\u00a0code source\u00a0\u00bb (ce que le d\u00e9veloppeur \u00e9crit) en un <strong>code exploitable<\/strong> par le microprocesseur s\u2019appelle la compilation.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les langages comme Python ou Java sont appel\u00e9s des langages de haut niveau. Ils proposent des instructions ais\u00e9ment compr\u00e9hensibles par un humain tel que le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre IF qui sert \u00e0 tester une condition et se retrouve dans la plupart des langages. <strong>D\u00e9velopper un programme en code machine<\/strong> est extr\u00eamement ardu et c\u2019est donc la compilation qui convertit les instructions \u00e9crites dans un langage de haut niveau en code machine.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Con\u00e7u par l\u2019informaticien Chris Lattner vers 2002, \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Illinois, dans le cadre de sa th\u00e8se de doctorat, LLVM a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u dans l\u2019optique de renouveler <strong>l\u2019approche de la compilation et d\u2019optimiser son usage<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44ddfe2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"44ddfe2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51a7f87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51a7f87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Optimiser le processus de compilation<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175e921 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"175e921\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce souci d\u2019optimiser les compilateurs n\u2019est pas nouveau.\u00a0 Le <strong>compilateur GCC<\/strong> &#8211; partie int\u00e9grante du syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;exploitation <strong>GNU<\/strong> (pour Linux) lanc\u00e9 par Richard Stallman en 1984, a int\u00e9gr\u00e9 au fil du temps de nombreuses options d\u2019optimisation en vue d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du code g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LLVM est apparu pour sa part au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 les architectures de <strong>microprocesseurs multi-c\u0153urs<\/strong> sont devenues courantes, mais aussi les <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/gpu-data-science\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>GPUs<\/strong><\/span><\/a> ou processeurs graphiques des ordinateurs.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LLVM est l\u2019abr\u00e9viation de <strong>Low Level Virtual Machine<\/strong>, et ce nom r\u00e9sume en partie ce qu\u2019il accomplit\u00a0: la cr\u00e9ation de machines virtuelles (\u00e0 m\u00eame d\u2019\u00e9muler le comportement de processeurs donn\u00e9s) \u00e0 un bas niveau (et donc, proche du processeur).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c636e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8c636e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-212068\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm1.jpg 900w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm1-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm1-768x427.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7da083b elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7da083b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"\/formation-devops\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Se renseigner sur notre formation DevOps<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6182b9d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"6182b9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d1574a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d1574a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u2019approche novatrice de LLVM<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aff5c36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aff5c36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LLVM a ainsi propos\u00e9 diverses approches novatrices\u00a0:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">une architecture modulaire ;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">la compilation JIT ;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">une Repr\u00e9sentation Interm\u00e9diaire IR ;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tout un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me d&rsquo;outils r\u00e9utilisables.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b547d93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b547d93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous allons passer en revue ces divers points.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-992ed8e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"992ed8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b022fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b022fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Architecture modulaire<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd4283 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8dd4283\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditionnellement, la plupart des compilateurs consistaient en un seul et m\u00eame programme, ce qui rendait difficile leur optimisation ou l\u2019extension de leurs capacit\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;un des principaux objectifs pour LLVM a \u00e9t\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er une architecture de compilation modulaire, en d\u2019autres termes d\u2019amener diff\u00e9rents composants \u00e0 travailler ensemble harmonieusement. Il en a r\u00e9sult\u00e9 de nombreux b\u00e9n\u00e9fices.<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le d\u00e9veloppement du compilateur peut \u00eatre confi\u00e9 \u00e0 diverses \u00e9quipes, chacune ayant pour charge de r\u00e9aliser un ou plusieurs modules pr\u00e9cis. Le temps de d\u00e9veloppement en sort r\u00e9duit, tandis que l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 globale est renforc\u00e9e. <strong>Le code produit par une \u00e9quipe est habituellement plus propre, plus facile \u00e0 appr\u00e9hender<\/strong> par ceux qui seraient en charge de sa maintenance.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lorsqu\u2019un compilateur se pr\u00e9sente <strong>sous la forme d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de modules<\/strong>, il est possible d\u2019optimiser l\u2019un d\u2019entre eux de fa\u00e7on s\u00e9par\u00e9e. Et comme la maintenance peut \u00eatre effectu\u00e9e sur ce module isol\u00e9. Il en r\u00e9sulte une plus grande flexibilit\u00e9.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u2019il s\u2019av\u00e8re au fil des mois qu\u2019une fonction majeure serait manquante au compilateur, il est possible de l\u2019ajouter, que ce soit en intervenant sur l\u2019un des modules existants ou en cr\u00e9ant un nouveau module. La structure modulaire favorise ainsi l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation et l\u2019impl\u00e9mentation de nouvelles capacit\u00e9s.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019<strong>architecture modulaire<\/strong> facilite l\u2019int\u00e9gration d\u2019outils externes.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57d3780 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"57d3780\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-212072\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm2.jpg 900w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm2-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm2-768x427.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5005eb4 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5005eb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"\/formation-devops\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir notre formation DevOps<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f89af80 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"f89af80\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-204148f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"204148f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La compilation JIT ou \u201c\u00e0 la vol\u00e9e\u201d<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abdb69b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abdb69b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans le processus de compilation traditionnelle, la\u00a0 conversion est produite int\u00e9gralement avant l\u2019ex\u00e9cution du programme et produit donc un code machine d\u00e9finitif, non retouchable.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avec la <strong>compilation JIT<\/strong> (de l&rsquo;anglais \u00ab\u00a0Just-In-Time\u00a0\u00bb) de LLVM, <strong>le code source \u00e9crit par le d\u00e9veloppeur est converti en un code machine ex\u00e9cutable<\/strong> au moment m\u00eame de son ex\u00e9cution.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La compilation JIT op\u00e8re juste avant l\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019une s\u00e9quence de code machine. On parle ainsi de \u00ab\u00a0<strong>compilation s\u00e9lective<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb. L\u2019optimisation a lieu de fa\u00e7on dynamique (en temps r\u00e9el), en fonction du comportement du programme.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LLVM n\u2019est pas le seul outil \u00e0 utiliser la compilation JIT. Il en est de m\u00eame pour<strong> .Net (Microsoft)<\/strong> et pour de nombreuses impl\u00e9mentations de Java.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-304aaa2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"304aaa2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7039a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c7039a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">IR ou repr\u00e9sentation interm\u00e9diaire<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f25a9cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f25a9cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous l\u2019avons vu pus haut, LLVM signifie \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machines-virtuelles-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>machines virtuelles<\/strong><\/span><\/a> <strong>de bas niveau<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb. Et nous avons l\u00e0 une autre cl\u00e9 de LLVM : il ne g\u00e9n\u00e8re pas un code adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 un microprocesseur particulier mais un code interm\u00e9diaire, proche du langage machine mais ind\u00e9pendant d\u2019une unit\u00e9 de calcul donn\u00e9e. Cette \u00ab\u00a0<strong>repr\u00e9sentation interm\u00e9diaire\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb (IR) peut \u00eatre adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 toutes sortes de processeurs, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019unit\u00e9s de calcul ou de processeurs graphiques. Cette approche, l\u00e0 encore, a de nombreux avantages :<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019IR peut \u00eatre optimis\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on ind\u00e9pendante au code final, propre \u00e0 un processeur.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il est plus ais\u00e9 d\u2019analyser ou d\u00e9bugger le code de l\u2019IR que le langage machine.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A la sortie d\u2019un nouveau processeur, il est ais\u00e9 d\u2019amener le compilateur \u00e0 int\u00e9grer le type de langage machine correspondant.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c775586 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"c775586\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39221e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39221e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Un riche \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e068408 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e068408\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LLVM b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie par ailleurs d\u2019un vaste \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me d\u2019outils ou extensions \u00e0 m\u00eame d\u2019\u00e9tendre ses capacit\u00e9s. Cette situation est d\u00fbe en partie \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de communaut\u00e9s d\u2019utilisateurs de qualit\u00e9. A titre d\u2019exemple, le <strong>compilateur Clang<\/strong> (qui repose sur LLVM pour des langage comme <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/langage-c-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>C<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, <strong>C++<\/strong> et <strong>Objective-C<\/strong>) est activement soutenu par des employ\u00e9s de Google, Apple, Mozilla ou ARM. De m\u00eame, des langages r\u00e9cents et tr\u00e8s performants tels que <strong>Rust<\/strong> et <strong>Swift<\/strong>, pareillement bas\u00e9s sur LLVM, disposent de communaut\u00e9s importantes et enclines \u00e0 la participation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-483e854 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"483e854\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-212076\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm3.jpg 900w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm3-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/llvm3-768x427.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b4507a elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5b4507a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"\/formation-devops\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Se former au DevOps<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0564cd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"d0564cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7aa167 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7aa167\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Optimiser le processus de compilation\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Ce souci d\u2019optimiser les compilateurs n\u2019est pas nouveau.  Le compilateur GCC - partie int\u00e9grante du syst\u00e8me d'exploitation GNU (pour Linux) lanc\u00e9 par Richard Stallman en 1984, a int\u00e9gr\u00e9 au fil du temps de nombreuses options d\u2019optimisation en vue d\u2019am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du code g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9. LLVM est apparu pour sa part au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 les architectures de microprocesseurs multi-c\u0153urs sont devenues courantes, mais aussi les GPUs ou processeurs graphiques des ordinateurs.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Architecture modulaire\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Traditionnellement, la plupart des compilateurs consistaient en un seul et m\u00eame programme, ce qui rendait difficile leur optimisation ou l\u2019extension de leurs capacit\u00e9s. L'un des principaux objectifs pour LLVM a \u00e9t\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er une architecture de compilation modulaire, en d\u2019autres termes d\u2019amener diff\u00e9rents composants \u00e0 travailler ensemble harmonieusement. Il en a r\u00e9sult\u00e9 de nombreux b\u00e9n\u00e9fices.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"IR ou repr\u00e9sentation interm\u00e9diaire\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Nous l\u2019avons vu pus haut, LLVM signifie \u00ab machines virtuelles de bas niveau \u00bb. Et nous avons l\u00e0 une autre cl\u00e9 de LLVM : il ne g\u00e9n\u00e8re pas un code adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 un microprocesseur particulier mais un code interm\u00e9diaire, proche du langage machine mais ind\u00e9pendant d\u2019une unit\u00e9 de calcul donn\u00e9e.\"\r\n    }\r\n  }]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u2019il est courant pour les d\u00e9veloppeurs de r\u00e9aliser des programmes dans un langage de \u00ab haut niveau \u00bb, comme Python ou Java, ces m\u00eames programmes doivent \u00eatre \u00ab compil\u00e9s \u00bb afin d\u2019exploiter de fa\u00e7on directe les capacit\u00e9s du microprocesseur. LLVM a fortement innov\u00e9 en la mati\u00e8re en favorisant des aspects tels que la modularit\u00e9 ou [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":214870,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2494],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>LLVM : Tout savoir ce qu&#039;il faut savoir sur ce compilateur<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez ce qu&#039;il faut savoir sur LLVM, ce compilateur permettant de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer de mani\u00e8re programmatique du code natif.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/llvm-tout-savoir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LLVM : Tout savoir ce qu&#039;il faut savoir sur ce compilateur\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/llvm-tout-savoir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-02T05:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-09T13:34:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Illu_BLOG__LLVM.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"563\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Margalith Mamou\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Margalith Mamou\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/llvm-tout-savoir\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/llvm-tout-savoir\",\"name\":\"LLVM : Tout savoir ce qu'il faut savoir sur ce compilateur\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-02T05:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-09T13:34:36+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1c2cce73f7edd34162d45b93c92adb00\"},\"description\":\"D\u00e9couvrez ce qu'il faut savoir sur LLVM, ce compilateur permettant de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer de mani\u00e8re programmatique du code natif.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/llvm-tout-savoir\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/\",\"name\":\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\",\"description\":\"Leader de la formation en Data Science\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1c2cce73f7edd34162d45b93c92adb00\",\"name\":\"Margalith Mamou\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Margalith.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Margalith.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Margalith Mamou\"},\"description\":\"Margalith Mamou est Product Manager chez DataScientest, apr\u00e8s avoir occup\u00e9 le poste de Chef de projet Web pendant plus d'un an au sein de la m\u00eame entreprise. 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