{"id":223918,"date":"2024-01-23T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=223918"},"modified":"2024-01-19T12:44:04","modified_gmt":"2024-01-19T12:44:04","slug":"algorithme-genetique-six-etapes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/algorithme-genetique-six-etapes","title":{"rendered":"Algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique : D\u00e9couvrez les 6 \u00e9tapes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"223918\" class=\"elementor elementor-223918\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06e0b79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"06e0b79\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6754d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a6754d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Depuis la nuit des temps, les \u00eatres vivants ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 leur aptitude \u00e0 s\u2019adapter \u00e0 leur cadre de vie en constante \u00e9volution et \u00e0 s\u2019am\u00e9liorer de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88dbfea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88dbfea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cette capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 converger vers des solutions de plus en plus optimales inspire justement les math\u00e9matiques. Et notamment <\/span><b>l&rsquo;algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique qui d\u00e9coupe les processus de s\u00e9lection naturelle <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour r\u00e9soudre des probl\u00e8mes complexes.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58a61b2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"58a61b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2832e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2832e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comprendre les \u00e9tapes de l\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e022aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e022aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 60 \u00e0 l\u2019initiative du chercheur John Holland, l\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique applique les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes de l\u2019\u00e9volution naturelle \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes complexes.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5e3fff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a5e3fff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">La cr\u00e9ation de la population initiale<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cee8c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cee8c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de l&rsquo;algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique consiste \u00e0 <\/span><b>cr\u00e9er une population initiale amen\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00e9voluer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Celles-ci regroupent des solutions potentielles \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me donn\u00e9. Appel\u00e9es individus ou chromosomes, elles peuvent \u00eatre g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re al\u00e9atoire. Ce qui permet d\u2019apporter davantage de diversit\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 ce stade, il ne s\u2019agit pas de trouver LA bonne solution. Mais surtout d\u2019identifier un <\/span><b>nombre suffisant de solutions capables de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la probl\u00e9matique. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u2019ailleurs, plus la population initiale est vari\u00e9e, plus il sera possible de concevoir les meilleures solutions possibles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple, si vous cherchez le chemin entre un point A et un B, il ne s\u2019agit pas de trouver le chemin le plus court, mais tous les chemins permettant d&rsquo;arriver \u00e0 destination. Peu importe si vous devez y passer 10 minutes ou 3 heures, \u00e0 pied ou en voiture, devant une boulangerie ou un garagiste.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05b9540 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"05b9540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/algorithme-genetique1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-223927\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/algorithme-genetique1.jpg 825w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/algorithme-genetique1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/algorithme-genetique1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6412932 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6412932\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Bon \u00e0 savoir<\/strong><\/span> : la taille de la population n\u2019a pas besoin d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9mesur\u00e9e. Simplement suffisante. En moyenne, 100 ou 150 individus permettent d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u2019aboutir \u00e0 un r\u00e9sultat satisfaisant \u00e0 l\u2019issue de toutes les \u00e9tapes de l\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b041c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b041c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">L'\u00e9valuation des individus<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d479c64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d479c64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suite \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de la population, il est temps d\u2019\u00e9valuer chaque individu en fonction de sa <\/span><b>capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le data scientist est libre d\u2019\u00e9valuer les individus comme bon lui semble. Cela dit, il vaut mieux leur attribuer une note afin d\u2019identifier ceux qui sortent du lot. Ce sont eux qui participent \u00e0 l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration de notre population.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Attention, cette phase de l\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer complexe, car il est <\/span><b>parfois difficile de comparer deux individus entre eux<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. C\u2019est particuli\u00e8rement vrai pour les probl\u00e8mes multicrit\u00e8res o\u00f9 la solution optimale d\u00e9pend de <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/hyperparametres-tout-savoir\">plusieurs param\u00e8tres<\/a>, sans qu\u2019un ne soit meilleur que l\u2019autre. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6529e6 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c6529e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-scientist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">En savoir plus sur l'algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d55756 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1d55756\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">La s\u00e9lection<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e4d2b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e4d2b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9valu\u00e9 les individus, il convient de s\u00e9lectionner les meilleurs. Dans la nature, cela correspond au processus de s\u00e9lection naturelle (ou la loi du plus fort) o\u00f9 les esp\u00e8ces les mieux adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 leur environnement survivent, alors que les autres meurent.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En math\u00e9matique, il est possible d\u2019utiliser plusieurs m\u00e9thodes pour s\u00e9lectionner les meilleurs. Voici les plus courantes :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>La roulette<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : comme avec la loterie, il s\u2019agit de tourner la roue pour s\u00e9lectionner les individus. Mais attention, car chaque individu est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un secteur sur une roue en fonction de sa qualit\u00e9. Plus l\u2019individu a de \u201cvaleur\u201d, plus son secteur est important. Ainsi, lorsqu\u2019on tourne la roue, les probabilit\u00e9s de tomber sur les individus de meilleure qualit\u00e9 augmentent.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>La s\u00e9lection par tournoi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : il s\u2019agit d\u2019une rencontre al\u00e9atoire entre diff\u00e9rents individus de la population. Le vainqueur est celui qui a la meilleure qualit\u00e9. Bien \u00e9videmment, il est possible de s\u00e9lectionner plusieurs vainqueurs.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><b>L\u2019\u00e9litisme <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: il s\u2019agit simplement de s\u00e9lectionner les meilleurs individus en fonction de leur qualit\u00e9. Si cette m\u00e9thode est plus rapide \u00e0 impl\u00e9menter, elle ne permet pas de prendre en compte toute la diversit\u00e9 possible. <\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61c18ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"61c18ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Les croisements<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b83aba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b83aba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si les esp\u00e8ces naturelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 capables de s\u2019am\u00e9liorer au fil du temps, c\u2019est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019enrichissement des populations au fil du temps. L\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique reprend le m\u00eame principe. Pour faire \u00e9voluer la population, les data scientist <\/span><b>combinent des paires d\u2019individus s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, cr\u00e9ant ainsi de nouveaux individus : ce sont les descendants. Pour ce <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/cross-validation\">croisement<\/a>, l\u2019expert data s\u00e9lectionne certaines caract\u00e9ristiques de chaque individu parent.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il est possible de r\u00e9aliser des croisements al\u00e9atoires, et m\u00eame d\u2019utiliser un m\u00eame individu pour cr\u00e9er plusieurs descendants. Les caract\u00e9ristiques non utilis\u00e9es permettent, en effet, de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer d\u2019autres descendants. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c150ad7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c150ad7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/algorithme-genetique2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-223931\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/algorithme-genetique2.jpg 825w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/algorithme-genetique2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/algorithme-genetique2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d5078b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d5078b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Les mutations<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b92aa99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b92aa99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 la place des croisements, l&rsquo;algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pr\u00e9voit aussi les mutations. C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que les individus subiront des <\/span><b>changements mineurs et al\u00e9atoires <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour explorer de nouvelles possibilit\u00e9s.Les mutations al\u00e9atoires sont aussi tr\u00e8s efficaces pour obtenir un maximum de diversit\u00e9 et d\u2019envisager des combinaisons innovantes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Bon \u00e0 savoir<\/strong><\/span> : il s\u2019agit de modifications l\u00e9g\u00e8res. Autrement dit, une seule caract\u00e9ristique est chang\u00e9e afin de ne pas d\u00e9naturer totalement l\u2019individu initial. Mais m\u00eame parfois, ces petits changements peuvent aboutir \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation totalement diff\u00e9rente.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa76996 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa76996\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Les nouvelles g\u00e9n\u00e9rations<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72997e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72997e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour trouver les meilleures solutions au probl\u00e8me, de nouvelles g\u00e9n\u00e9rations apparaissent, avec des descendants, des individus modifi\u00e9s et des individus non modifi\u00e9s. <\/span><b>Chacun doit participer \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la population.\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u2019est pourquoi, le data scientist <\/span><b>r\u00e9it\u00e8re le processus de l&rsquo;algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sur plusieurs g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer continuellement la solution au probl\u00e8me. Progressivement, la population se r\u00e9duit de plus en plus jusqu\u2019\u00e0 trouver la solution optimale.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Bon \u00e0 savoir<\/strong><\/span> : il est important de conserver quelques individus initiaux (non modifi\u00e9s), car rien ne dit que les nouvelles populations sont forc\u00e9ment meilleures. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce326ac elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ce326ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-scientist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Ma\u00eetriser les \u00e9tapes de l''algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14f7629 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"14f7629\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8077c5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8077c5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Utiliser l\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique en science des donn\u00e9es<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16c71bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16c71bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique est souvent utilis\u00e9 pour des probl\u00e8mes d&rsquo;optimisation o\u00f9 il y a de nombreuses solutions possibles. Cela dit, il n\u00e9cessite souvent de nombreux calculs pour parvenir \u00e0 un r\u00e9sultat satisfaisant. Pour cette raison, de nombreux data scientists se tournent vers d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/algorithme-tout-savoir\">autres algorithmes d\u2019optimisation<\/a> dont le temps de calcul est plus court.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, il est primordial de conna\u00eetre les diff\u00e9rents <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machine-learning-tout-savoir\">mod\u00e8les de machine learning<\/a> afin de r\u00e9aliser des analyses pertinentes. D\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-scientist\">se former avec DataScientest<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60a7d2d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"60a7d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/r-dhCc0IKfU&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center center;object-position:center center}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4819413 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4819413\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Les \u00e9tapes de l\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"La cr\u00e9ation de la population initiale : La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de l'algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique consiste \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une population initiale amen\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00e9voluer. Celles-ci regroupent des solutions potentielles \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me donn\u00e9. Appel\u00e9es individus ou chromosomes, elles peuvent \u00eatre g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re al\u00e9atoire. Ce qui permet d\u2019apporter davantage de diversit\u00e9.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Pourquoi utiliser l\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique en science des donn\u00e9es ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"L\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique est souvent utilis\u00e9 pour des probl\u00e8mes d'optimisation o\u00f9 il y a de nombreuses solutions possibles. Cela dit, il n\u00e9cessite souvent de nombreux calculs pour parvenir \u00e0 un r\u00e9sultat satisfaisant. Pour cette raison, de nombreux data scientists se tournent vers d\u2019autres algorithmes d\u2019optimisation dont le temps de calcul est plus court.\"\r\n    }\r\n  }]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis la nuit des temps, les \u00eatres vivants ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 leur aptitude \u00e0 s\u2019adapter \u00e0 leur cadre de vie en constante \u00e9volution et \u00e0 s\u2019am\u00e9liorer de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. Cette capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 converger vers des solutions de plus en plus optimales inspire justement les math\u00e9matiques. Et notamment l&rsquo;algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique qui d\u00e9coupe les processus de s\u00e9lection [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":223920,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique : D\u00e9couvrez les 6 \u00e9tapes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Inspir\u00e9 des processus de l\u2019\u00e9volution biologique, l\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique tend \u00e0 trouver les meilleures solutions pour r\u00e9soudre un probl\u00e8me donn\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/algorithme-genetique-six-etapes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique : D\u00e9couvrez les 6 \u00e9tapes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/algorithme-genetique-six-etapes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-23T18:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-19T12:44:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/algorithme-genetique.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Raphael Kassel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Raphael Kassel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/algorithme-genetique-six-etapes\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/algorithme-genetique-six-etapes\",\"name\":\"Algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique : D\u00e9couvrez les 6 \u00e9tapes\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-23T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-19T12:44:04+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6eca16f63daaafcbc96e15549b9d4ee1\"},\"description\":\"Inspir\u00e9 des processus de l\u2019\u00e9volution biologique, l\u2019algorithme g\u00e9n\u00e9tique tend \u00e0 trouver les meilleures solutions pour r\u00e9soudre un probl\u00e8me donn\u00e9.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/algorithme-genetique-six-etapes\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/\",\"name\":\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\",\"description\":\"Leader de la formation en Data Science\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6eca16f63daaafcbc96e15549b9d4ee1\",\"name\":\"Raphael Kassel\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/raph.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/raph.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"Raphael Kassel\"},\"description\":\"Raphael Kassel est le Head of Data Programs chez DataScientest. 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