{"id":229080,"date":"2024-03-07T06:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-07T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=229080"},"modified":"2024-03-14T15:03:20","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T15:03:20","slug":"ai-hallucinations-tout-savoir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/ai-hallucinations-tout-savoir","title":{"rendered":"AI Hallucinations : Qu&rsquo;est-ce qu&rsquo;est ? Quelles cons\u00e9quences ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"229080\" class=\"elementor elementor-229080\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eb50c4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"0eb50c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5aa3b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5aa3b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u2019erreur est humaine, dit-on ! Mais pas seulement. Les machines intelligentes peuvent aussi se tromper. On parle alors d\u2019hallucinations de l\u2019AI. De quoi s\u2019agit-il ? Quelles sont les causes ? Les cons\u00e9quences ? Et surtout, comment pr\u00e9venir les AI hallucinations ? DataScientest r\u00e9pond \u00e0 vos questions.\u00a0<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-862af86 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"862af86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e63cfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e63cfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u2019est quoi l'AI Hallucinations ? <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ad3d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ad3d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les AI hallucinations sont des <\/span><b>r\u00e9sultats incorrects ou trompeurs g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par les grands mod\u00e8les de langage.<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ces <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/large-language-models-tout-savoir\">LLM<\/a> se basent sur des donn\u00e9es d\u2019apprentissage inexistantes ou mal d\u00e9cod\u00e9es, cr\u00e9ant ainsi des r\u00e9sultats inexacts, voire \u00ab\u00a0hallucinants\u00a0\u00bb. Ce qui peut \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement probl\u00e9matique \u00e0 l\u2019heure de prendre des d\u00e9cisions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39ab825 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39ab825\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Exemples d\u2019hallucinations de l\u2019IA<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c00c83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c00c83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les IA d\u2019hallucinations concernent tous les mod\u00e8les, m\u00eame les plus sophistiqu\u00e9s. Voici quelques exemples connus :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le chatbot <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/google-bard-tout-savoir\">Bard<\/a> de Google a affirm\u00e9 que le t\u00e9lescope spatial James Webb avait captur\u00e9 les premi\u00e8res images d&rsquo;une plan\u00e8te en dehors de notre syst\u00e8me solaire.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/microsoft-sassocie-a-open-ai-pour-implanter-lia-dans-bing\">chatbot de Microsoft<\/a> a affirm\u00e9 \u00eatre tomb\u00e9 amoureux de ses utilisateurs et avoir espionn\u00e9 les collaborateurs de Bing.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02a7d30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"02a7d30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Au-del\u00e0 de ces exemples concernant les grands acteurs de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/intelligence-artificielle-definition\">intelligence artificielle<\/a>, les LLM hallucinations se traduisent souvent par des <\/span><b>pr\u00e9dictions erron\u00e9es, des faux positifs ou des faux n\u00e9gatifs.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dafc018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dafc018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Des cas d\u2019application positifs<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6a1fd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6a1fd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00eame si les AI hallucinations aboutissent, la plupart du temps, \u00e0 un r\u00e9sultat ind\u00e9sirable, il se peut qu\u2019elles nous r\u00e9servent aussi de belles surprises. Par exemple :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><b>Les arts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : ces \u00ab\u00a0erreurs\u00a0\u00bb sont particuli\u00e8rement spectaculaires au niveau visuel. Les mod\u00e8les d\u2019apprentissage peuvent ainsi <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/image-processing-tout-savoir\">concevoir des images<\/a> \u00ab\u00a0hallucinantes\u00a0\u00bb qui permettent de d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle approche de la cr\u00e9ation artistique.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>L\u2019interpr\u00e9tation des donn\u00e9es <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: m\u00eame en produisant des r\u00e9sultats erron\u00e9s, les hallucinations des <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/intelligence-artificielle-definition\">outils d\u2019IA<\/a> g\u00e9n\u00e9rative peuvent r\u00e9v\u00e9ler de nouvelles connexions et offrir d&rsquo;autres perspectives.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><b>Les jeux et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 virtuelle <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: les hallucinations de l&rsquo;IA peuvent aider les d\u00e9veloppeurs \u00e0 imaginer de nouveaux mondes. Elles peuvent aussi ajouter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de surprise et d&rsquo;impr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9. Ce qui am\u00e9liore sensiblement l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des joueurs. <\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2d7134 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2d7134\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cela dit, hors du domaine cr\u00e9atif,<\/span><b> les AI hallucinations ont tr\u00e8s souvent des effets n\u00e9fastes.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Mais avant de voir les dangers de ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes, int\u00e9ressons-nous \u00e0 leurs causes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69cf20f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"69cf20f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"756\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-229095\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations1.jpg 756w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations1-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e93ad1c elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e93ad1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-intelligence-artificielle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Se former \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de mod\u00e8les d'IA<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-274e9ee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"274e9ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4908d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4908d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comment expliquer les LLM hallucinations ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71e878c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71e878c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par principe, les <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machine-learning-technique-ia-lo-shot\">LLM s&rsquo;entra\u00eenent \u00e0 l\u2019aide de donn\u00e9es<\/a>. Ce qui leur permet d\u2019identifier des mod\u00e8les de donn\u00e9es et de r\u00e9aliser des pr\u00e9dictions. Mais une simple <b>erreur \u00e0 cette phase d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement<\/b> peut avoir de lourdes cons\u00e9quences sur les pr\u00e9dictions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voici les erreurs les plus courantes susceptibles de provoquer des AI hallucinations :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Des training data incompl\u00e8tes, incoh\u00e9rentes, obsol\u00e8tes, inexactes ou biais\u00e9es ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Des donn\u00e9es mal class\u00e9es ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s dans les donn\u00e9es fournies aux mod\u00e8les ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le surajustement des donn\u00e9es ;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Des hypoth\u00e8ses incorrectes formul\u00e9es par le mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une programmation insuffisante pour pr\u00e9parer le mod\u00e8le \u00e0 interpr\u00e9ter correctement les informations ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une absence de contexte ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La complexit\u00e9 du mod\u00e8le.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ca2523 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ca2523\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quelle qu\u2019en soit la cause, la moindre erreur lors de la pr\u00e9paration des mod\u00e8les peut totalement fausser les r\u00e9sultats futurs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37c698d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"37c698d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a08cfd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a08cfd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quelles sont les cons\u00e9quences des AI hallucinations ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34104e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34104e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019intelligence artificielle \u00e9tant aujourd\u2019hui utilis\u00e9e dans une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de secteurs d\u2019activit\u00e9, les AI hallucinations peuvent avoir de multiples effets n\u00e9fastes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dans le domaine de la sant\u00e9 :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> un mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA pourrait identifier une maladie grave, alors qu\u2019il s&rsquo;agissait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d\u2019une pathologie b\u00e9nigne. Ce qui entra\u00eene une intervention m\u00e9dicale inutile. L\u2019inverse est aussi vrai, provoquant une absence de traitement pour un patient qui en a r\u00e9ellement besoin.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dans le domaine de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : les hallucinations d\u2019IA peuvent diffuser des informations erron\u00e9es dans des secteurs hautement sensibles, comme la d\u00e9fense nationale. Munis de donn\u00e9es inexactes, les gouvernements peuvent prendre des d\u00e9cisions ayant des cons\u00e9quences importantes au niveau diplomatique.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dans le domaine de la finance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : un mod\u00e8le peut identifier des actes frauduleux qui n\u2019en sont pas vraiment, bloquant inutilement des transactions financi\u00e8res. Inversement, il peut aussi passer \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de certaines fraudes.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f9323b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"4f9323b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-496beb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"496beb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comment limiter l\u2019impact des AI hallucinations ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6a0bb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c6a0bb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les effets des AI hallucinations pouvant \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement n\u00e9fastes, il est primordial de mettre en place toutes les mesures pour les limiter. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01afba4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"01afba4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"805\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-229099\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations2.jpg 805w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations2-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations2-768x477.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8ece9b elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c8ece9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-intelligence-artificielle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Tout apprendre des AI Hallucinations<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e6cb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e6cb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Soigner ses donn\u00e9es d'entra\u00eenement <\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-527d2e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"527d2e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La qualit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats du grand mod\u00e8le de langage d\u00e9pend en grande partie de la <\/span><b>qualit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es d\u2019entra\u00eenement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. D\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019importance de bien les soigner. Pour cela, il est n\u00e9cessaire de r\u00e9aliser un travail minutieux de pr\u00e9paration de la donn\u00e9e. L\u2019id\u00e9e \u00e9tant de s\u2019assurer qu\u2019aucune information fausse, obsol\u00e8te ou inexacte ne vienne polluer le data set.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Au-del\u00e0 de la qualit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es, il est primordial de fournir au mod\u00e8le d\u2019apprentissage des<\/span><b> ensembles de donn\u00e9es pertinents<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des donn\u00e9es en <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rapport avec la t\u00e2che que le mod\u00e8le doit accomplir.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enfin, vous devez \u00e9galement fournir un <\/span><b>large data set<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> compos\u00e9 de <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">donn\u00e9es diverses, \u00e9quilibr\u00e9es et bien structur\u00e9es. Ce qui minimisera les biais de sortie, et donc les AI hallucinations.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f812e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"23f812e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">D\u00e9finir pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment vos attentes<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aa9970 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7aa9970\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour obtenir tel ou tel r\u00e9sultat, vous devez pr\u00e9ciser \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence artificielle ce que vous souhaitez, tout en d\u00e9finissant des limites. Autrement dit, <\/span><b>pr\u00e9cisez ce que vous voulez, et ce que vous ne voulez pas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Par exemple, \u00e0 travers des exemples de textes bien \u00e9crits ou mal \u00e9crits si vous souhaitez cr\u00e9er du contenu \u00e9crit. Vous pouvez aussi utiliser des <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">outils de filtrage et\/ou de seuils probabilistes.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De cette mani\u00e8re, le syst\u00e8me identifiera facilement les t\u00e2ches \u00e0 accomplir. Le risque d\u2019AI hallucinations sera alors r\u00e9duit. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ccb851 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ccb851\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Utiliser des mod\u00e8les de donn\u00e9es<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3a9632 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c3a9632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les mod\u00e8les de donn\u00e9es (ou templates) constituent des<\/span><b> formats pr\u00e9d\u00e9finis visant \u00e0 guider l\u2019IA. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce faisant, l\u2019intelligence artificielle est plus susceptible de<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des r\u00e9sultats conformes \u00e0 vos directives.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0 encore, pour la r\u00e9daction d\u2019un texte \u00e9crit, votre template peut reprendre la structure de base :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un titre ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une introduction ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Des H2 (d\u00e9finir le nombre souhait\u00e9) ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Des paragraphes en dessous de chaque H2 (pr\u00e9ciser le nombre de mots ou une fourchette) ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une conclusion. <\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14b8a0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14b8a0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En plus de limiter les AI hallucinations, le template permet \u00e9galement d<\/span><b>\u2019affiner les r\u00e9ponses de l\u2019intelligence artificielle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour un r\u00e9sultat plus coh\u00e9rent avec vos attentes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-583999a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"583999a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Tester et affiner le syst\u00e8me d\u2019IA en permanence<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-378335c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"378335c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00eame en prenant vos pr\u00e9cautions, les AI hallucinations sont monnaie courante. Alors pour en r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact lors de la prise de d\u00e9cision, vous devez<\/span><b> tester rigoureusement votre mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;IA avant de l&rsquo;utiliser<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Et surtout, il est primordial de <\/span><b>continuer \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9valuer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, m\u00eame apr\u00e8s sa mise en production. En plus de limiter le risque d\u2019erreur, cela permet d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les performances globales du syst\u00e8me et d&rsquo;ajuster le mod\u00e8le \u00e0 mesure que les donn\u00e9es \u00e9voluent.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63079bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63079bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Supervision le mod\u00e8le<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53a3a79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53a3a79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si l\u2019intelligence artificielle peut r\u00e9aliser des merveilles, elle doit<\/span><b> toujours \u00eatre supervis\u00e9e par un \u00eatre humain<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Vous devrez alors examiner chaque r\u00e9sultat fourni. En cas d\u2019erreur, cela vous permettra d\u2019identifier la cause et de la corriger rapidement.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce71aba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"ce71aba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e2485 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26e2485\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous souhaitez cr\u00e9er des mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA exempts d\u2019erreurs et d\u2019hallucinations ? Commencez par <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-scientist\">vous former<\/a>. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chez <strong>DataScientest<\/strong>, vous apprendrez tout ce qu\u2019il faut savoir sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/science-des-donnees\">science des donn\u00e9es<\/a>, le <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machine-learning-tout-savoir\">machine learning<\/a>, le <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/deep-learning-definition\">deep learning<\/a>\u2026 <strong>Rejoignez-nous !<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f30b3e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f30b3e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"888\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-229103\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations3.jpg 888w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/AI_hallucinations3-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 888px) 100vw, 888px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6208cc8 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6208cc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"\/formations-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir nos formations<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19a0b23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"19a0b23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"C\u2019est quoi l'AI Hallucinations ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Les AI hallucinations sont des r\u00e9sultats incorrects ou trompeurs g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par les grands mod\u00e8les de langage. Ces LLM se basent sur des donn\u00e9es d\u2019apprentissage inexistantes ou mal d\u00e9cod\u00e9es, cr\u00e9ant ainsi des r\u00e9sultats inexacts, voire \u201challucinants\u201d. Ce qui peut \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement probl\u00e9matique \u00e0 l\u2019heure de prendre des d\u00e9cisions.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Comment expliquer les LLM hallucinations ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Par principe, les LLM s'entra\u00eenent \u00e0 l\u2019aide de donn\u00e9es. Ce qui leur permet d\u2019identifier des mod\u00e8les de donn\u00e9es et de r\u00e9aliser des pr\u00e9dictions. Mais une simple erreur \u00e0 cette phase d'entra\u00eenement peut avoir de lourdes cons\u00e9quences sur les pr\u00e9dictions.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Comment limiter l\u2019impact des AI hallucinations ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Les effets des AI hallucinations pouvant \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement n\u00e9fastes, il est primordial de mettre en place toutes les mesures pour les limiter.\r\n      <ul>\r\n      <li>Soigner ses donn\u00e9es d'entra\u00eenement<\/li>\r\n      <li>D\u00e9finir pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment vos attentes<\/li>\r\n      <li>Utiliser des mod\u00e8les de donn\u00e9es<\/li>\r\n      <li>Tester et affiner le syst\u00e8me d\u2019IA en permanence<\/li>\r\n      <li>Supervision le mod\u00e8le<\/li>\r\n      <\/ul>\"\r\n    }\r\n  }]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019erreur est humaine, dit-on ! Mais pas seulement. Les machines intelligentes peuvent aussi se tromper. On parle alors d\u2019hallucinations de l\u2019AI. De quoi s\u2019agit-il ? Quelles sont les causes ? Les cons\u00e9quences ? Et surtout, comment pr\u00e9venir les AI hallucinations ? DataScientest r\u00e9pond \u00e0 vos questions.&nbsp; C\u2019est quoi l&rsquo;AI Hallucinations ? Les AI hallucinations sont [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":229082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2500],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>AI Hallucinations : Qu&#039;est-ce qu&#039;est ? 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