{"id":231190,"date":"2024-03-21T06:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=231190"},"modified":"2024-03-14T14:57:35","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T14:57:35","slug":"python-thread-tout-savoir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-thread-tout-savoir","title":{"rendered":"Python Thread : Qu&rsquo;est-ce que c&rsquo;est ? \u00c0 quoi \u00e7a sert ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"231190\" class=\"elementor elementor-231190\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08b12e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"08b12e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237f166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"237f166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ex\u00e9cuter plusieurs t\u00e2ches simultan\u00e9ment appara\u00eet comme une source de gain ind\u00e9niable lors de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de programmes. En la mati\u00e8re, Python propose une solution appel\u00e9e le \u00ab threading \u00bb. Or, celle-ci est plus complexe qu\u2019il n\u2019y para\u00eet au premier abord et sa ma\u00eetrise n\u00e9cessite une analyse approfondie des fonctions attendues d\u2019un programme. Qui plus est, le m\u00e9canisme des \u00ab threads \u00bb de Python n\u2019aboutit pas \u00e0 un parall\u00e9lisme effectif des divers processus. Les explications suivent.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2abaf46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2abaf46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imaginons que vous avez une s\u00e9rie de t\u00e2ches \u00e0 accomplir :<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e9diger un expos\u00e9 en vue d\u2019une prochaine r\u00e9union.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appeler trois prospects.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e9diger des devis.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a1ff13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a1ff13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous pouvez r\u00e9aliser ces t\u00e2ches une \u00e0 une. Toutefois, vous pourriez aussi vous appuyer sur votre \u00e9quipe et r\u00e9partir ces activit\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ce qu\u2019elles soient accomplies en parall\u00e8le. Il va de soi que l\u2019ensemble sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9 plus rapidement.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Dans la <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/programmer-en-python\">programmation avec Python<\/a>, le \u00ab <strong>threading<\/strong> \u00bb fonctionne selon une m\u00eame logique. Au lieu d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cuter une seule suite d&rsquo;instructions, un programme peut g\u00e9rer plusieurs \u00ab threads \u00bb, des processus ind\u00e9pendants qui vont fonctionner plus ou moins en parall\u00e8le. Habituellement, il en r\u00e9sulte un programme globalement bien plus efficace.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, tout n\u2019est pas si simple, car il peut exister des probl\u00e8mes de coordination. Prenons l\u2019exemple donn\u00e9 plus haut. Un point de d\u00e9tail de l\u2019un des devis pourrait d\u00e9pendre en partie de la conversation avec un des prospects. Donc, ledit devis ne pourra pas \u00eatre compl\u00e9t\u00e9 tant que la conversation n\u2019est pas achev\u00e9e. De pareilles situations vont \u00eatre rencontr\u00e9es en informatique. Il sera donc n\u00e9cessaire de bien organiser les threads et de coordonner leur progression.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Ainsi donc, le <strong>threading Python<\/strong> n\u00e9cessite une analyse en amont afin d\u2019isoler des t\u00e2ches id\u00e9alement ind\u00e9pendantes les unes des autres et \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, de coordonner leur ex\u00e9cution dans le temps.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b89923 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8b89923\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"\/formation-data-analyst\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Apprendre Python pour la Data Science<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fadfba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"4fadfba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a34d11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a34d11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu\u2019est ce qu\u2019un thread ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9a2f8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9a2f8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un thread est un <strong>flux d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution s\u00e9par\u00e9<\/strong> au sein d\u2019un programme.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Par d\u00e9faut, lorsque vous lancez un <strong>script Python<\/strong>, vous d\u00e9marrez une instance de l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9teur Python. Votre code est donc habituellement ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 dans un seul thread.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toutefois, il est possible de concevoir un programme Python de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ce qu\u2019il effectue certaines t\u00e2ches de mani\u00e8re concurrente. Dans ce contexte, nous aurons affaire \u00e0 plusieurs threads.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Un processus Python exploitant le \u00ab threading \u00bb se terminera une fois que tous les threads auront \u00e9t\u00e9 achev\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cbb048 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"7cbb048\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c7c205 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c7c205\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dans quelles circonstances mettre \u00e0 profit le threading ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-192008c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"192008c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"651\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Python-Thread-DataScientest-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-231236\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Python-Thread-DataScientest-1.jpg 651w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Python-Thread-DataScientest-1-300x276.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-891f15d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"891f15d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voici quelques exemples de situations dans lesquelles le threading serait bienvenu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une application requiert des donn\u00e9es ind\u00e9pendantes provenant de plusieurs sites Web. Sans threading, elle doit attendre la fin du t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement depuis un site avant de d\u00e9marrer le suivant. <strong>Gr\u00e2ce au threading, elle peut lancer ces t\u00e9l\u00e9chargements en m\u00eame temps<\/strong> \u2013 d\u00e8s qu\u2019un temps d\u2019attente est constat\u00e9 sur l\u2019un, elle donne la main \u00e0 un autre.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une application est con\u00e7ue de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 op\u00e9rer une <strong>sauvegarde r\u00e9guli\u00e8re des informations<\/strong> entr\u00e9es par l\u2019utilisateur. Si l\u2019on n\u2019exploite pas le threading, ladite application va sembler se \u00ab <strong>geler<\/strong> \u00bb au moment de l\u2019enregistrement des donn\u00e9es. Si la sauvegarde est op\u00e9r\u00e9e par un thread s\u00e9par\u00e9, l\u2019application va continuer de r\u00e9agir aux entr\u00e9es de l\u2019utilisateur durant la sauvegarde.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 partir du moment o\u00f9 un usager a entr\u00e9 certaines informations telles que les param\u00e8tres d\u2019un pr\u00eat potentiel, une application doit op\u00e9rer une <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/data-analysis-tout-savoir\">analyse des donn\u00e9es<\/a> complexe, n\u00e9cessitant un temps de calcul important. <strong>En d\u00e9l\u00e9guant ces op\u00e9rations \u00e0 un thread s\u00e9par\u00e9, l\u2019application va continuer d\u2019accepter les interactions de l\u2019utilisateur<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57bb09e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"57bb09e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9603b87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9603b87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les avantages du threading<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bcd96e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9bcd96e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Am\u00e9lioration de la performance<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3723e97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3723e97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le temps global d\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019un programme est acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 et ce plus particuli\u00e8rement, lorsqu\u2019un programme requiert des attentes potentielles comme lors de la lecture d\u2019un fichier et de requ\u00eates sur le Web.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13a8d4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13a8d4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Meilleure r\u00e9ponse de l'application<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2409e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2409e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019application peut continuer \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux demandes de l&rsquo;utilisateur (comme les clics de souris) tout en effectuant d&rsquo;autres t\u00e2ches en arri\u00e8re-plan.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c219fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c219fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Meilleure gestion des situations de blocage<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f372113 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f372113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les op\u00e9rations susceptibles de bloquer l\u2019ex\u00e9cution du code (comme l\u2019attente d\u2019une r\u00e9ponse du r\u00e9seau) n\u2019am\u00e8nent pas de situation bloquante : le reste du programme continue de fonctionner normalement.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8206eea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8206eea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Une conception plus claire<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-313cfb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"313cfb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, un programme r\u00e9partis en plusieurs threads b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019une structure plus claire. Un d\u00e9veloppeur devant intervenir sur le code pourra en d\u00e9chiffrer plus ais\u00e9ment la logique.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6127f5 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a6127f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-analyst\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Ma\u00eetriser le threading Python<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b9ccb1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"3b9ccb1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d0526a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d0526a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les inconv\u00e9nients du multithreading<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc60a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cc60a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Une synchronisation potentiellement complexe<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76d55bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76d55bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lorsque plusieurs threads sont \u00e0 m\u00eame de modifier les m\u00eames donn\u00e9es, il est crucial que la coordination soit con\u00e7ue de fa\u00e7on ma\u00eetris\u00e9e et il peut en r\u00e9sulter une certaine complexit\u00e9 du d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d059026 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d059026\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Un d\u00e9bogage difficile<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e8d34a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e8d34a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le threading peut \u00eatre la source d&rsquo;erreurs difficiles \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter car d\u00e9pendant de l\u2019ordre exact dans lequel les threads ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b96ec37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b96ec37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Risques de deadlock<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a17c80e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a17c80e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un deadlock peut survenir lorsque deux threads attendent chacun que l&rsquo;autre lib\u00e8re une ressource particuli\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5b66b1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"b5b66b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d25a60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d25a60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Multithreading vs multiprocessing<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9faa9ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9faa9ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lorsqu\u2019un programme comporte plusieurs threads, deux ou plusieurs actions semblent se d\u00e9rouler en parall\u00e8le. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, ce n\u2019est qu\u2019une illusion pour ce qui concerne Python.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-286484b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"286484b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"642\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Python-Thread-DataScientest-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-231237\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Python-Thread-DataScientest-2.jpg 642w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Python-Thread-DataScientest-2-300x280.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4d8197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4d8197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Le GIL<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d638d65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d638d65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il existe une situation propre \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-tout-savoir\">Python<\/a> et qui s\u2019appelle le GIL : <strong>Global Interpreter Lock<\/strong>, (Verrou global de l\u2019interpr\u00e9teur). Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un m\u00e9canisme propre \u00e0 Python qui veille \u00e0 ce que, \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9, un seul thread soit en train de s\u2019ex\u00e9cuter.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pourquoi un tel m\u00e9canisme ? Il se trouve que le GIL a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 les processeurs multi-c\u0153ur n\u2019\u00e9taient pas tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandus. Or, tous les threads partagent la m\u00eame m\u00e9moire. Le GIL a donc fait en sorte qu\u2019une structure de donn\u00e9e ne puisse \u00eatre modifi\u00e9e que par <strong>un seul thread \u00e0 la fois<\/strong>. Ce m\u00e9canisme a ainsi apport\u00e9 une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la gestion de la m\u00e9moire, mais il a limit\u00e9 la capacit\u00e9 de Python \u00e0 ex\u00e9cuter des threads de fa\u00e7on r\u00e9ellement parall\u00e8le, sur plusieurs c\u0153urs de processeurs.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-437a6e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"437a6e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Un seul thread \u00e0 la fois<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da7f5f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da7f5f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans le cadre de Python, on parle davantage de \u00ab concurrence \u00bb que de \u00ab parall\u00e9lisme \u00bb. Quelle est la nuance ?<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans le <strong>contexte de la concurrence<\/strong>, \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9, une ou plusieurs instructions d\u2019un thread particulier vont \u00eatre actives. En d\u2019autres termes, <strong>chaque thread va fonctionner en solo \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9, et la priorit\u00e9 est donn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019un ou l\u2019autre selon les circonstances<\/strong>. Ainsi, le code de chaque thread progresse r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement et donne l\u2019impression d\u2019une ex\u00e9cution parall\u00e8le.<\/span><\/li><li>Dans le <strong>contexte du parall\u00e9lisme<\/strong>, <strong>plusieurs processus sont r\u00e9ellement ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s simultan\u00e9ment<\/strong>. Et chacun de ces processus dispose de sa propre m\u00e9moire.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d994a43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d994a43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De ce fait, le multithreading est diff\u00e9rent du multiprocessing.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u2019en conclure ? Qu\u2019<strong>il sera efficace d\u2019exploiter le threading pour des t\u00e2ches ind\u00e9pendantes impliquant de l\u2019attente<\/strong> (comme un clic de l\u2019utilisateur) et que le multiprocessing sera plus appropri\u00e9 d\u00e8s lors que des t\u00e2ches impliquant de lourds calculs peuvent \u00eatre actives en parall\u00e8le.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd6af96 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"dd6af96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"\/formations-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir nos formations en Data<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-446e8af elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"446e8af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Qu\u2019est-ce que le threading dans la programmation sur Python ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \" Dans la programmation avec Python, le \u00ab threading \u00bb fonctionne selon une m\u00eame logique. 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Gr\u00e2ce au threading, elle peut lancer ces t\u00e9l\u00e9chargements en m\u00eame temps \u2013 d\u00e8s qu\u2019un temps d\u2019attente est constat\u00e9 sur l\u2019un, elle donne la main \u00e0 un autre.\"\r\n    }\r\n  }]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ex\u00e9cuter plusieurs t\u00e2ches simultan\u00e9ment appara\u00eet comme une source de gain ind\u00e9niable lors de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de programmes. En la mati\u00e8re, Python propose une solution appel\u00e9e le \u00ab threading \u00bb. Or, celle-ci est plus complexe qu\u2019il n\u2019y para\u00eet au premier abord et sa ma\u00eetrise n\u00e9cessite une analyse approfondie des fonctions attendues d\u2019un programme. Qui plus est, le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":231193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python Thread : Qu&#039;est-ce que c&#039;est ? \u00c0 quoi \u00e7a sert ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-thread-tout-savoir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Python Thread : Qu&#039;est-ce que c&#039;est ? \u00c0 quoi \u00e7a sert ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-thread-tout-savoir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-03-21T06:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-14T14:57:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Python-Thread-DataScientest.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"686\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-thread-tout-savoir\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-thread-tout-savoir\",\"name\":\"Python Thread : Qu'est-ce que c'est ? \u00c0 quoi \u00e7a sert ?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-21T06:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-14T14:57:35+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/7af2361c48e24e79a8aa2360e6e74925\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-thread-tout-savoir\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/\",\"name\":\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\",\"description\":\"Leader de la formation en Data Science\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/7af2361c48e24e79a8aa2360e6e74925\",\"name\":\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/jeremyrobert.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/jeremyrobert.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert\"},\"description\":\"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Robert est actuellement Directeur p\u00e9dagogique B2B chez DataScientest.com. 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