{"id":242946,"date":"2025-01-31T05:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-31T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=242946"},"modified":"2025-02-04T13:19:20","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T13:19:20","slug":"pentest-tout-savoir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pentest-tout-savoir","title":{"rendered":"Pentest : Qu&rsquo;est-ce que c&rsquo;est ? Comment \u00e7a fonctionne ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"242946\" class=\"elementor elementor-242946\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-755e5ac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"755e5ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7213c7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7213c7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Le pentesting permet de d\u00e9tecter efficacement les failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019un syst\u00e8me informatique avant les hackers. D\u00e9couvrez comment cette m\u00e9thode prot\u00e8ge les entreprises en testant leurs d\u00e9fenses comme le ferait un vrai pirate.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a90ed12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"a90ed12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a8c34f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a8c34f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un pentest ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77a6e11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77a6e11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">D\u00e9finition du pentest<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c611564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c611564\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Un test d&rsquo;intrusion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, aussi appel\u00e9 pentest (penetration test), est <\/span><b>un audit de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui simule <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/cyberattaque-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">une cyberattaque<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Le pentester, tel un pirate informatique \u00e9thique, tente de s&rsquo;infiltrer dans le syst\u00e8me informatique d&rsquo;une organisation. Cette infiltration peut se faire via diff\u00e9rents points d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e : r\u00e9seau, sites web, applications, comptes utilisateurs ou <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/internet-of-things-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">objets connect\u00e9s<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;objectif est d&rsquo;identifier <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/api-vulnerability-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">les failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des API<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> avant les v\u00e9ritables pirates informatiques. Pour cela, <\/span><b>le pentester utilise diff\u00e9rents types de tests<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, y compris <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/se-proteger-du-social-engineering\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l&rsquo;ing\u00e9nierie sociale<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pour d\u00e9tecter toutes les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s potentielles. Une fois les faiblesses identifi\u00e9es, il produit des <\/span><b>pentest reports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> d\u00e9taill\u00e9s et propose des solutions pour renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C&rsquo;est en quelque sorte une \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><b>cyberattaque pr\u00e9ventive<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00bb qui permet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer et d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer la protection des donn\u00e9es sensibles. Cette pratique, qui respecte les normes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en vigueur, est devenue essentielle pour toute organisation soucieuse de sa cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u2019est un peu comme une \u201ccyberattaque pr\u00e9ventive\u00a0\u00bb ou une \u201c\u00e9valuation offensive\u201d. L\u2019objectif \u00e9tant d\u2019\u00e9valuer la robustesse des SI. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3ab7fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d3ab7fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Quels sont les int\u00e9r\u00eats du pentesting ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45b12f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45b12f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Contrer l\u2019\u00e9volution des menaces : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ces tests d\u2019intrusion sont d\u2019autant plus importants que les attaques informatiques se complexifient. Pour \u00eatre en mesure de stopper les attaques, les entreprises doivent se renforcer. Ce qui implique <\/span><b>une veille constante<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mais aussi des pentests tr\u00e8s r\u00e9guliers. Ces derniers sont indispensables pour <\/span><b>d\u00e9tecter les failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, les corriger, et ainsi renforcer la protection du syst\u00e8me d\u2019information.\u00a0<\/b><\/li><\/ol><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Renforcement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des applications web<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> :\u00a0 bien que\u00a0 le recours \u00e0 <\/span><b>un pentester<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> repr\u00e9sente un investissement cons\u00e9quent, il est n\u00e9cessaire de pouvoir d\u00e9tecter de mani\u00e8re proactive les failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 avant qu\u2019un pirate informatique n\u2019y parvienne.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pr\u00e9vention de pertes financi\u00e8res massives : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour cause, en cas d\u2019attaques informatiques, elles peuvent perdre des millions, voire des milliards d\u2019euros, \u00e0 cause d\u2019une interruption d\u2019activit\u00e9, d\u2019<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/ransomware-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">une ran\u00e7on,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sans compter l\u2019atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019image de marque. C\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs ce qui explique la popularit\u00e9 des <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/cybersecurite-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">professionnels de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aupr\u00e8s des organisations de tous secteurs.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conformit\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire :\u00a0 Le pentest est aussi indispensable pour <\/span><b>se conformer \u00e0 ses obligations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Notamment <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/rgpd-definition\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">le RGPD<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> qui impose aux entreprises de garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leur syst\u00e8me d\u2019information pour limiter<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/cybersecurite-donnees-hackers\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> la fuite des donn\u00e9es. <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour les organisations engag\u00e9es dans un processus de certification (comme <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/iso-27001-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ISO 27001<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), <\/span><b>le test d&rsquo;intrusion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est une condition <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sine qua non<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour obtenir la validation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dd93fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0dd93fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"457\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-242980\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite2-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite2-768x439.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c784a0d elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c784a0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-cybersecurite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Apprendre le pentest<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d7d81d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"5d7d81d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e0d757 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e0d757\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">Scan de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9  ou pentest ?\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6026e1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6026e1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Crit\u00e8res<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Scan de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Pentest<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Type<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Analyse automatis\u00e9e\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyse manuelle approfondie<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Objectif<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00e9tection rapide des failles<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Simulation d&rsquo;attaque r\u00e9elle<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Profondeur<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Superficielle<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> D\u00e9taill\u00e9e, ciblant les failles complexes<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Co\u00fbt<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abordable\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plus \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Fr\u00e9quence<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e9guli\u00e8re\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e9riodique (audit)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Expertise<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technique de base<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expert en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 requis<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><b>Le scan de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et le pentest sont deux approches compl\u00e9mentaires en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9. Le scan permet une d\u00e9tection rapide et r\u00e9guli\u00e8re des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s les plus courantes gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des outils automatis\u00e9s. Il est essentiel pour la maintenance continue de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/systeme-dinformation-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">syst\u00e8me informatique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le pentest, quant \u00e0 lui, est une d\u00e9marche plus pouss\u00e9e. En simulant une attaque r\u00e9elle, il permet de tester l&rsquo;exploitation des failles et d\u2019\u00e9valuer la r\u00e9silience globale du syst\u00e8me. C&rsquo;est une m\u00e9thode id\u00e9ale pour r\u00e9aliser des audits complets et d\u00e9tecter des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s complexes souvent invisibles aux outils automatis\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En combinant ces deux m\u00e9thodes, les entreprises peuvent obtenir une vision globale de leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 : le scan assure une surveillance constante, tandis que le pentest garantit une analyse approfondie et des recommandations strat\u00e9giques.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f848e25 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"f848e25\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f74ac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f74ac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quels sont les diff\u00e9rents types de tests d\u2019intrusion ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbf0cc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fbf0cc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De par la complexit\u00e9 d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;information, <\/span><b>les pentests peuvent s&rsquo;effectuer sur diff\u00e9rentes cibles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. C\u2019est pourquoi, ils sont class\u00e9s en plusieurs types. Voici les plus courants :<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Test de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration d&rsquo;un r\u00e9seau interne :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 il porte sur les serveurs, les \u00e9quipements de r\u00e9seau, les postes de travail, le WI-FI, Active Directory, etc. L\u2019objectif \u00e9tant d\u2019\u00e9valuer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau interne depuis la position d&rsquo;un attaquant qui s\u2019y est introduit.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Test de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration d&rsquo;une application web<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : il s\u2019agit de rechercher les failles li\u00e9es \u00e0 la configuration des infrastructures h\u00e9bergeant les services (<\/span><b>serveurs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/cloud-computing\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">environnements cloud<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Test de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration d&rsquo;une application mobile :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ce pentest comprend une <\/span><b>analyse statique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et<\/span><b> une analyse dynamique de l&rsquo;application<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. L&rsquo;analyse statique permet d\u2019extraire des \u00e9l\u00e9ments pour effectuer des tentatives de r\u00e9tro-ing\u00e9nierie. Alors que l&rsquo;analyse dynamique consiste \u00e0 rechercher des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;application en cours d&rsquo;utilisation (runtime).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Test de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration d&rsquo;API <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: il peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9 ind\u00e9pendamment ou int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans le cadre d&rsquo;un test de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration d&rsquo;application web ou mobile. Ce type d\u2019interface pr\u00e9sente des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques, comme l\u2019authentification rompue, la consommation de ressources sans restriction, une falsification de requ\u00eate c\u00f4t\u00e9 serveur, etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Tests de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration des syst\u00e8mes IoT et des objets connect\u00e9s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : toutes les couches de l&rsquo;\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me IoT sont analys\u00e9es, comme le mat\u00e9riel, les microprogrammes, les protocoles de communication, les serveurs, les applications web et applications mobiles.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d44dc24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d44dc24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"457\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-242976\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite1-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite1-768x439.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f226942 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f226942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-cybersecurite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Se former au Pentest<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b91f15c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"b91f15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-741344b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"741344b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comment r\u00e9aliser un pentest ?\n\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a4ed7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3a4ed7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">3 M\u00e9thodologies de pentesting\n<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1cf498 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1cf498\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les tests d\u2019intrusion peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9s de trois mani\u00e8res diff\u00e9rentes :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Le pentest en bo\u00eete noire (blackbox)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : le pentester n\u2019a pas acc\u00e8s aux donn\u00e9es du syst\u00e8me d\u2019information. Il est dans la peau d\u2019une personne externe \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Le pentest en bo\u00eete grise (greybox)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : le pentester a acc\u00e8s \u00e0 certaines informations, mais pas toutes. Par exemple, certains comptes utilisateurs.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Le pentest en bo\u00eete blanche (whitebox) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: le pentester a acc\u00e8s \u00e0 toutes les donn\u00e9es disponibles, y compris le code source et le compte administrateur des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Combiner ces diff\u00e9rentes approches permet de couvrir un large \u00e9ventail de sc\u00e9narios de menace. Par exemple, un pentest en bo\u00eete noire \u00e9value la robustesse des d\u00e9fenses externes, tandis qu&rsquo;un test en bo\u00eete blanche identifie des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s internes complexes, souvent li\u00e9es \u00e0 la mauvaise configuration des syst\u00e8mes ou \u00e0 des pratiques de d\u00e9veloppement non s\u00e9curis\u00e9es sur <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/ide\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">les IDE<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cette m\u00e9thode hybride est souvent privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e pour une <\/span><b>\u00e9valuation compl\u00e8te<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-089c1a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"089c1a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Les 8 \u00e9tapes des tests d\u2019intrusion<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5d7da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5d7da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour r\u00e9aliser un pentest, l\u2019expert cyber doit suivre un plan bien pr\u00e9cis :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>La reconnaissance de la cible<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : il s\u2019agit de collecter des donn\u00e9es li\u00e9es \u00e0 la nature du test (r\u00e9seau, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/api-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">API<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, application, \u2026) et de la cible d\u00e9finie.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Le mapping<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : c\u2019est la cartographie du syst\u00e8me d\u2019information. L\u2019id\u00e9e \u00e9tant d\u2019effectuer un inventaire des actifs.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>La recherche de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> c\u2019est \u00e0 partir de l\u00e0 que le pentester analyse les faiblesses du SI.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>L&rsquo;exploitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : le pentester exploite les failles d\u00e9tect\u00e9es et \u00e9value leur niveau de criticit\u00e9.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>L&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9vation de privil\u00e8ges<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : le pentester entre dans la peau d\u2019un v\u00e9ritable <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/cybercriminalite-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pirate informatique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour usurper temporairement les droits r\u00e9serv\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;administrateur syst\u00e8me (ce sont les privil\u00e8ges). Ce qui lui permet d\u2019effectuer ses attaques pirates.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>La propagation :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> il s\u2019agit de comprendre l\u2019ampleur de la faille. Pour cela, le pentester va \u00e9tendre son attaque \u00e0 d\u2019autres dispositifs du parc informatique.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Le nettoyage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : le syst\u00e8me est nettoy\u00e9 puis rendu dans son \u00e9tat d&rsquo;origine.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Le rapport<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : le pentester d\u00e9crit l\u2019ensemble des actions r\u00e9alis\u00e9es durant le test d\u2019intrusion et propose ses recommandations pour corriger les failles.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aac1727 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"aac1727\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14f26de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"14f26de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quels sont les outils du pentest ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-017a971 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"017a971\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Outils<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Fonctionnalit\u00e9<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Exemples<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Analyse statique<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00e9tection automatique des failles dans le code source.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SonarLint, Checkmarx, Snyk<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Gestion des d\u00e9pendances<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyse des librairies externes pour trouver des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/owasp-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OWASP<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Dependency-Check, Dependabot<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Linting<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imposition de r\u00e8gles de codage s\u00e9curis\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ESLint, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pylint-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pylint<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, StyleCop<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>D\u00e9tection de secrets<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00e9tection des cl\u00e9s API ou mots de passe expos\u00e9s dans le code.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GitGuardian, TruffleHog<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Proxy et tests dynamiques<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Test du comportement d&rsquo;une application en temps r\u00e9el.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OWASP ZAP, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/broken-object-level-authorization-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Burp Suite<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> CLI<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Tests automatis\u00e9s<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ex\u00e9cution de tests de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les pipelines CI\/CD.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ZAP CLI, GitLab CI\/CD, Jenkins<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><b>Contr\u00f4le de version<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protection contre les fuites d&rsquo;informations sensibles dans Git.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GitGuardian, Git Hooks<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019int\u00e9gration de ces outils au sein des IDE permet de renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u00e8s la phase de d\u00e9veloppement, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les risques de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s en production. Une combinaison d\u2019analyses statiques, de gestion des d\u00e9pendances et de tests dynamiques assure une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 continue tout au long du cycle de d\u00e9veloppement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65e1f51 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"65e1f51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58fec70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"58fec70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0348187 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0348187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le pentest est devenu un pilier essentiel de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 informatique. Les entreprises recherchent activement des professionnels capables de d\u00e9tecter et pr\u00e9venir les menaces avant qu\u2019elles ne causent des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se former au pentesting, c\u2019est non seulement acqu\u00e9rir des comp\u00e9tences techniques pointues, mais aussi d\u00e9velopper une capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9flexion strat\u00e9gique, indispensable pour comprendre les m\u00e9thodes utilis\u00e9es par les attaquants. C\u2019est un m\u00e9tier \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e des chemins entre analyse, investigation et cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9, avec des enjeux r\u00e9els qui \u00e9voluent constamment.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-698f819 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"698f819\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"457\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-242984\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite3-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pentest-cybersecurite3-768x439.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26dc0c5 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"26dc0c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-cybersecurite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Commencer la formation<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le pentesting permet de d\u00e9tecter efficacement les failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019un syst\u00e8me informatique avant les hackers. D\u00e9couvrez comment cette m\u00e9thode prot\u00e8ge les entreprises en testant leurs d\u00e9fenses comme le ferait un vrai pirate. Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un pentest ? D\u00e9finition du pentest Un test d&rsquo;intrusion, aussi appel\u00e9 pentest (penetration test), est un audit de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qui simule [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":242948,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2498],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pentest : Qu&#039;est-ce que c&#039;est ? Comment \u00e7a fonctionne ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pour se pr\u00e9munir contre les cyberattaques, mieux vaut comprendre leur mode de fonctionnement. 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