{"id":245814,"date":"2024-07-25T05:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-25T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=245814"},"modified":"2024-08-20T14:16:52","modified_gmt":"2024-08-20T14:16:52","slug":"pl-sql-tout-comprendre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre","title":{"rendered":"PL\/SQL : Un langage puissant pour la gestion des bases de donn\u00e9es Oracle"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"245814\" class=\"elementor elementor-245814\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d699d57 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"d699d57\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd2aa1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd2aa1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dans le domaine des bases de donn\u00e9es relationnelles, <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/qui-est-oracle-principal-challenger-dazure-aws-et-google-cloud\"><u>Oracle<\/u><\/a> se distingue non seulement par la robustesse de ses syst\u00e8mes de gestion, mais \u00e9galement par les outils avanc\u00e9s qu'il offre aux d\u00e9veloppeurs pour optimiser, automatiser et s\u00e9curiser les op\u00e9rations sur les donn\u00e9es. Au sein de ces outils se trouve PL\/SQL (Procedural Language\/Structured Query Language), un langage de programmation puissant con\u00e7u pour s'int\u00e9grer avec SQL, le langage de requ\u00eate standard pour les bases de donn\u00e9es relationnelles.<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0797cee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0797cee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PL\/SQL \u00e9tend les capacit\u00e9s de <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/sql-tout-savoir\">SQL<\/a> en y ajoutant des fonctionnalit\u00e9s proc\u00e9durales telles que les boucles, les conditions et les exceptions, permettant ainsi aux d\u00e9veloppeurs de cr\u00e9er des scripts pour la gestion des bases de donn\u00e9es.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce langage, essentiel pour tout d\u00e9veloppeur travaillant avec Oracle, a pour objectif de <strong>combiner les commandes de gestion de base de donn\u00e9es avec un langage de programmation proc\u00e9dural<\/strong>. Il fournit des solutions de programmation plus compl\u00e8tes pour la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;applications critiques fonctionnant sur la base de donn\u00e9es Oracle.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ca67d5 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5ca67d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-sql\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Tout savoir sur SQL<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb7e40f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"fb7e40f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-698a14e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"698a14e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les raisons d\u2019apprendre PL\/SQL<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00676ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00676ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PL\/SQL est un langage de programmation essentiel pour les d\u00e9veloppeurs utilisant des bases de donn\u00e9es. Il pr\u00e9sente de nombreux avantages :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><b>Int\u00e9gration avec Oracle Database :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PL\/SQL est con\u00e7u pour fonctionner de mani\u00e8re optimale avec <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/oracle-database-tout-savoir\">Oracle Database<\/a>, permettant une interaction fluide et efficace avec les donn\u00e9es stock\u00e9es.<\/span><\/li><li><b>Int\u00e9gration avec SQL :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PL\/SQL est une extension du langage SQL qui permet d\u2019\u00e9crire des requ\u00eates SQL complexes, g\u00e9rer des transactions et manipuler les donn\u00e9es directement dans le m\u00eame environnement de programmation.<\/span><\/li><li><b>Facilit\u00e9 d\u2019utilisation :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Si vous \u00eates d\u00e9j\u00e0 familier avec SQL, vous trouverez la syntaxe de PL\/SQL assez intuitive. La transition de SQL \u00e0 PL\/SQL est naturelle pour ceux qui ont une exp\u00e9rience en SQL, ce qui facilite l&rsquo;apprentissage de ce langage.<\/span><\/li><li><b>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 renforc\u00e9e :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PL\/SQL comprend des fonctionnalit\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 robustes, contr\u00f4lant ainsi l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s aux donn\u00e9es. Vous pouvez prot\u00e9ger les donn\u00e9es sensibles en limitant l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s direct aux tables et en cr\u00e9ant des couches suppl\u00e9mentaires de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/span><\/li><li><b>Automatisation de t\u00e2ches r\u00e9p\u00e9titives :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PL\/SQL comprend des fonctionnalit\u00e9s (proc\u00e9dures, fonctions, d\u00e9clencheurs) permettant d\u2019automatiser les processus de gestion des bases de donn\u00e9es. Cela r\u00e9duit le besoin d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution manuelle des t\u00e2ches r\u00e9p\u00e9titives et minimise les erreurs humaines.<\/span><\/li><li><b>Portabilit\u00e9 :<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les blocs de code PL\/SQL peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9plac\u00e9s entre diff\u00e9rentes bases de donn\u00e9es Oracle sans modification.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f547288 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"f547288\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-956f140 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"956f140\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les diff\u00e9rentes applications de PL\/SQL<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a86807 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a86807\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PL\/SQL offre une multitude d&rsquo;applications dans la gestion des bases de donn\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa flexibilit\u00e9 et sa puissance, il est utilis\u00e9 pour divers cas d&rsquo;usage tels que :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019applications :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PL\/SQL est utilis\u00e9 pour le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;applications web bas\u00e9es sur des bases de donn\u00e9es Oracle.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Automatisation des t\u00e2ches administratives :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PL\/SQL permet l&rsquo;automatisation des t\u00e2ches courantes d&rsquo;administration de bases de donn\u00e9es, am\u00e9liorant ainsi l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 et la fiabilit\u00e9 des processus.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la base de donn\u00e9es :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PL\/SQL permet de prot\u00e9ger l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la base de donn\u00e9es.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Analyse et reporting :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PL\/SQL est utilis\u00e9 pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des rapports personnalis\u00e9s qui r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques en mati\u00e8re de gestion de donn\u00e9es. PL\/SQL permet \u00e9galement de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des donn\u00e9es pour les tableaux de bord et les outils de visualisation.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e16d0e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e16d0e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"514\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-245862\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest1.jpg 900w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest1-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest1-768x439.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc58af4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"fc58af4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e902ef2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e902ef2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les bases de la syntaxe de PL\/SQL<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-601c603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"601c603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un programme PL\/SQL est structur\u00e9 en blocs. Chaque bloc peut contenir trois sections principales :<\/span><\/p><ul><li><b>Section d\u00e9clarative (<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">DECLARE<\/span><b>) :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cette section est utilis\u00e9e pour d\u00e9clarer des variables, des constantes, des curseurs et d&rsquo;autres objets PL\/SQL. Elle est optionnelle.<\/span><\/li><li><b>Section ex\u00e9cutable (<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><b>) :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cette section contient les instructions qui seront ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es. Elle est obligatoire.<\/span><\/li><li><b>Section d\u2019exception (<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">EXCEPTION<\/span><b>) :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cette section est utilis\u00e9e pour g\u00e9rer les erreurs qui peuvent survenir lors de l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution des instructions dans la section BEGIN. Elle est optionnelle.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf6519 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7cf6519\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">1. Variables et types de donn\u00e9es :<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86daa0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86daa0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les variables en PL\/SQL doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9es dans la section <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Les types de donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9s pour les variables sont similaires \u00e0 ceux de SQL, avec des extensions sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 PL\/SQL.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">VARCHAR2 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Utilis\u00e9 pour les cha\u00eenes de caract\u00e8res.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">NUMBER :<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Utilis\u00e9 pour les nombres.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">DATE :<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Utilis\u00e9 pour les dates et heures.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemple :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">DECLARE<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v_employee_name VARCHAR2(50);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v_salary NUMBER(10, 2);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v_hire_date DATE;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v_employee_name := &lsquo;Jane Doe&rsquo;;\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v_salary := 60000;\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v_hire_date := SYSDATE;\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&lsquo;Employee: &lsquo; || v_employee_name || &lsquo;hired on: &lsquo; || v_hire_date);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">END;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-605115f elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"605115f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-sql\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Tout apprendre sur SQL<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea27719 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea27719\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">2. Structures conditionnelles :<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-640d8fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"640d8fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les structures conditionnelles permettent de tester des conditions et d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cuter des blocs de code en fonction des r\u00e9sultats de ces tests.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La structure conditionnelle <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">IF-THEN-ELSE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> permet d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cuter des instructions si une condition est vraie, et \u00e9ventuellement d&rsquo;autres instructions si elle est fausse.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemple :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0IF v_salary &gt; 50000 THEN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&lsquo;High salary&rsquo;);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0ELSIF v_salary &gt; 30000 THEN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&lsquo;Medium salary&rsquo;);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0ELSE<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&lsquo;Low salary&rsquo;);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0END IF;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">END;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf2b5be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf2b5be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">3. Boucles :<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-993cd33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"993cd33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PL\/SQL prend en charge plusieurs types de boucles, permettant d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cuter des instructions de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">FOR loop :<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ex\u00e9cute un bloc d&rsquo;instructions un nombre d\u00e9fini de fois.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemple :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&lsquo;Iteration: &lsquo; || i);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0END LOOP;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">END;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">WHILE loop :<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ex\u00e9cute un bloc d&rsquo;instructions tant qu&rsquo;une condition est vraie.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3bbe4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c3bbe4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"514\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-245872\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest2.jpg 900w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest2-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest2-768x439.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c239037 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c239037\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemple :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">DECLARE<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v_counter NUMBER := 1;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0WHILE v_counter &lt;= 10 LOOP<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&lsquo;Counter: &lsquo; || v_counter);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v_counter := v_counter + 1;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0END LOOP;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">END;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">LOOP :<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ex\u00e9cute un bloc d&rsquo;instructions ind\u00e9finiment jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ce qu&rsquo;une condition de sortie soit atteinte.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemple :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">DECLARE<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v_counter NUMBER := 1;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0LOOP<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0EXIT WHEN v_counter &gt; 10;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&lsquo;Counter: &lsquo; || v_counter);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v_counter := v_counter + 1;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0END LOOP;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">END;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bee4f3 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3bee4f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-sql\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Tout ma\u00eetriser sur SQL<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a31811 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a31811\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">4. Proc\u00e9dures :<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c34c8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c34c8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les proc\u00e9dures stock\u00e9es sont des sous-programmes PL\/SQL qui peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9utilis\u00e9s pour ex\u00e9cuter des t\u00e2ches sp\u00e9cifiques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voici un exemple de proc\u00e9dure pour augmenter le salaire des employ\u00e9s en fonction de leur performance :<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE adjust_salary (emp_id NUMBER, increment NUMBER) AS<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 UPDATE employees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 SET salary = salary + increment<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 WHERE employee_id = emp_id;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 COMMIT;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">END;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cette proc\u00e9dure prend en entr\u00e9e un identifiant d&#8217;employ\u00e9 et un montant d&rsquo;augmentation, puis met \u00e0 jour le salaire de l&#8217;employ\u00e9 correspondant.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour appeler cette proc\u00e9dure, il suffit de faire :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0adjust_salary(1001, 5000);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">END;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b077c31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b077c31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">5. Fonctions :<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a91850 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a91850\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les fonctions sont des sous-programmes PL\/SQL qui peuvent renvoyer une valeur unique.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voici un exemple de fonction qui calcule la moyenne des salaires des employ\u00e9s :<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION calculate_average_salary RETURN NUMBER AS<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 avg_salary NUMBER;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 SELECT AVG(salary) INTO avg_salary FROM employees;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 RETURN avg_salary;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">END;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cette fonction calcule la moyenne des salaires des employ\u00e9s et renvoie le r\u00e9sultat.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4caf604 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4caf604\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"514\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-245879\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest3.jpg 900w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest3-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest3-768x439.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d12c3d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d12c3d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">6. Gestion des exceptions :<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bcd3ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bcd3ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La gestion des exceptions est une partie essentielle de PL\/SQL, permettant de g\u00e9rer les erreurs de mani\u00e8re \u00e9l\u00e9gante et d&rsquo;assurer la stabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;application.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les exceptions sont g\u00e9r\u00e9es dans la section <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">EXCEPTION<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> d&rsquo;un bloc PL\/SQL. Il existe des exceptions pr\u00e9d\u00e9finies comme <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">NO_DATA_FOUND<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">TOO_MANY_ROWS<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ainsi que la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9finir des exceptions personnalis\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemple :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0SELECT name INTO v_employee_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 9999;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">EXCEPTION<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&lsquo;No data found for the specified employee ID.&rsquo;);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&lsquo;Multiple rows found for the specified employee ID.&rsquo;);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0WHEN OTHERS THEN<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(&lsquo;An unexpected error occurred: &lsquo; || SQLERRM);<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">END;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f79cb10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f79cb10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">7. Triggers :<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08f3a92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08f3a92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les triggers sont des blocs PL\/SQL qui s&rsquo;ex\u00e9cutent automatiquement en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 des \u00e9v\u00e9nements sp\u00e9cifiques sur une table, comme l&rsquo;insertion, la mise \u00e0 jour ou la suppression de lignes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voici un exemple de trigger qui enregistre l&rsquo;historique des modifications sur une table critique :<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER audit_trigger<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON employees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">FOR EACH ROW<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">BEGIN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 IF INSERTING THEN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 INSERT INTO audit_log (action, employee_id, action_time)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 VALUES (&lsquo;INSERT&rsquo;, :NEW.employee_id, SYSDATE);<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 ELSIF UPDATING THEN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 INSERT INTO audit_log (action, employee_id, action_time)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 VALUES (&lsquo;UPDATE&rsquo;, :NEW.employee_id, SYSDATE);<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 ELSIF DELETING THEN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 INSERT INTO audit_log (action, employee_id, action_time)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 VALUES (&lsquo;DELETE&rsquo;, :OLD.employee_id, SYSDATE);<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"> \u00a0 END IF;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 100;\">END;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce trigger permet de suivre toutes les modifications effectu\u00e9es sur la table `employees` en enregistrant les actions dans une <strong>table `audit_log`<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30064ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"30064ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ec001c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ec001c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eec63f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6eec63f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PL\/SQL est un langage puissant qui permet d&rsquo;<strong>\u00e9tendre les capacit\u00e9s de SQL<\/strong> avec des fonctionnalit\u00e9s proc\u00e9durales. Il offre des avantages significatifs en termes de performance, de gestion des erreurs, de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de portabilit\u00e9. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses structures de contr\u00f4le, ses proc\u00e9dures stock\u00e9es, ses fonctions et ses triggers, <strong>PL\/SQL facilite la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;applications robustes et performantes<\/strong>. En comprenant et en appliquant ces concepts, les d\u00e9veloppeurs peuvent tirer pleinement parti des fonctionnalit\u00e9s offertes par Oracle Database pour d\u00e9velopper des solutions efficaces et fiables.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62b3fd3 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"62b3fd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-sql\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Suivre une formation SQL<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3096c9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3096c9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour en savoir plus sur le langage sql et vous former aux <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/les-metiers-de-la-data\">m\u00e9tiers de la Data<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-data\">rejoignez DataScientest<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1423b4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"c1423b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a989876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"a989876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Qu'est-ce que PL\/SQL et pourquoi est-il utilis\u00e9 ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"PL\/SQL (Procedural Language\/Structured Query Language) est un langage de programmation proc\u00e9dural d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Oracle pour permettre aux d\u00e9veloppeurs d'\u00e9crire des programmes complexes et des scripts directement dans une base de donn\u00e9es Oracle. Il est utilis\u00e9 pour automatiser les t\u00e2ches, \u00e9crire des proc\u00e9dures stock\u00e9es, des fonctions, des d\u00e9clencheurs et des paquets, facilitant ainsi la gestion et la manipulation des donn\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re efficace et s\u00e9curis\u00e9e.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Quelles sont les principales diff\u00e9rences entre SQL et PL\/SQL ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"SQL (Structured Query Language) est un langage d\u00e9claratif utilis\u00e9 pour interroger et manipuler les donn\u00e9es dans une base de donn\u00e9es. Il permet de s\u00e9lectionner, ins\u00e9rer, mettre \u00e0 jour et supprimer des donn\u00e9es. En revanche, PL\/SQL est un langage proc\u00e9dural qui \u00e9tend SQL en ajoutant des structures de programmation telles que des boucles, des conditions, des variables, des exceptions, et plus encore. PL\/SQL permet de cr\u00e9er des programmes complexes et d'ex\u00e9cuter plusieurs instructions SQL en s\u00e9quence.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Comment g\u00e9rer les erreurs et les exceptions dans PL\/SQL ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"PL\/SQL fournit des m\u00e9canismes robustes pour g\u00e9rer les erreurs et les exceptions gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des blocs EXCEPTION. Lorsqu'une erreur se produit, le contr\u00f4le du programme passe au bloc EXCEPTION o\u00f9 des actions sp\u00e9cifiques peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9finies pour g\u00e9rer l'erreur.\"\r\n    }\r\n  },{\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Qu'est-ce qu'un d\u00e9clencheur (trigger) en PL\/SQL et comment est-il utilis\u00e9 ?\",\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"Un d\u00e9clencheur (trigger) en PL\/SQL est un type de proc\u00e9dure stock\u00e9e qui s'ex\u00e9cute automatiquement en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 certains \u00e9v\u00e9nements sur une table ou une vue. Les d\u00e9clencheurs peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour appliquer des r\u00e8gles d'int\u00e9grit\u00e9, auditer les modifications de donn\u00e9es, automatiser des t\u00e2ches et maintenir des logiques d'entreprise.\"\r\n    }\r\n  }]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le domaine des bases de donn\u00e9es relationnelles, Oracle se distingue non seulement par la robustesse de ses syst\u00e8mes de gestion, mais \u00e9galement par les outils avanc\u00e9s qu&rsquo;il offre aux d\u00e9veloppeurs pour optimiser, automatiser et s\u00e9curiser les op\u00e9rations sur les donn\u00e9es. Au sein de ces outils se trouve PL\/SQL (Procedural Language\/Structured Query Language), un langage [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":245824,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PL\/SQL : Un langage puissant pour la gestion des bases de donn\u00e9es Oracle<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PL\/SQL (Procedural Language\/Structured Query Language) est un langage de programmation proc\u00e9dural \u00e9tendu pour SQL et Oracle. Il offre des fonctionnalit\u00e9s avanc\u00e9es de gestion d&#039;exceptions, de boucles et de conditions, facilitant ainsi le d\u00e9veloppement d&#039;applications robustes et performantes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PL\/SQL : Un langage puissant pour la gestion des bases de donn\u00e9es Oracle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-07-25T05:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-20T14:16:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jenna Journo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jenna Journo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre\",\"name\":\"PL\/SQL : Un langage puissant pour la gestion des bases de donn\u00e9es Oracle\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-07-25T05:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-20T14:16:52+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2e51bf8f49d0e04fe4398f919ed25935\"},\"description\":\"PL\/SQL (Procedural Language\/Structured Query Language) est un langage de programmation proc\u00e9dural \u00e9tendu pour SQL et Oracle. Il offre des fonctionnalit\u00e9s avanc\u00e9es de gestion d'exceptions, de boucles et de conditions, facilitant ainsi le d\u00e9veloppement d'applications robustes et performantes.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/\",\"name\":\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\",\"description\":\"Leader de la formation en Data Science\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2e51bf8f49d0e04fe4398f919ed25935\",\"name\":\"Jenna Journo\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jennaj.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jennaj.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"Jenna Journo\"},\"description\":\"Jenna Journo est actuellement stagiaire en Data Analyse chez DataScientest. Elle a obtenu une licence en Informatique et Math\u00e9matiques pour la d\u00e9cision et les donn\u00e9es \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine et poursuit actuellement ses \u00e9tudes en int\u00e9grant le master Math\u00e9matiques, Vision, Apprentissage (MVA) \u00e0 l'ENS Paris Saclay.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jenna-journo-30a678266\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/author\/jennajourno\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"PL\/SQL : Un langage puissant pour la gestion des bases de donn\u00e9es Oracle","description":"PL\/SQL (Procedural Language\/Structured Query Language) est un langage de programmation proc\u00e9dural \u00e9tendu pour SQL et Oracle. Il offre des fonctionnalit\u00e9s avanc\u00e9es de gestion d'exceptions, de boucles et de conditions, facilitant ainsi le d\u00e9veloppement d'applications robustes et performantes.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"PL\/SQL : Un langage puissant pour la gestion des bases de donn\u00e9es Oracle","og_url":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre","og_site_name":"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com","article_published_time":"2024-07-25T05:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-08-20T14:16:52+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/PL_SQL_datascientest.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Jenna Journo","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Jenna Journo","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre","url":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre","name":"PL\/SQL : Un langage puissant pour la gestion des bases de donn\u00e9es Oracle","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-07-25T05:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-20T14:16:52+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2e51bf8f49d0e04fe4398f919ed25935"},"description":"PL\/SQL (Procedural Language\/Structured Query Language) est un langage de programmation proc\u00e9dural \u00e9tendu pour SQL et Oracle. Il offre des fonctionnalit\u00e9s avanc\u00e9es de gestion d'exceptions, de boucles et de conditions, facilitant ainsi le d\u00e9veloppement d'applications robustes et performantes.","inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pl-sql-tout-comprendre"]}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/","name":"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com","description":"Leader de la formation en Data Science","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2e51bf8f49d0e04fe4398f919ed25935","name":"Jenna Journo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jennaj.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jennaj.jpeg","caption":"Jenna Journo"},"description":"Jenna Journo est actuellement stagiaire en Data Analyse chez DataScientest. Elle a obtenu une licence en Informatique et Math\u00e9matiques pour la d\u00e9cision et les donn\u00e9es \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine et poursuit actuellement ses \u00e9tudes en int\u00e9grant le master Math\u00e9matiques, Vision, Apprentissage (MVA) \u00e0 l'ENS Paris Saclay.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jenna-journo-30a678266\/"],"url":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/author\/jennajourno"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245814"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/89"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=245814"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245814\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/245824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=245814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=245814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=245814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}