{"id":270853,"date":"2025-04-09T05:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=270853"},"modified":"2025-04-04T09:48:29","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T09:48:29","slug":"nmap-tout-savoir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/nmap-tout-savoir","title":{"rendered":"Nmap : Qu&rsquo;est-ce que c&rsquo;est ? Comment s&rsquo;en servir ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"270853\" class=\"elementor elementor-270853\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6d889d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"c6d889d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4eba56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4eba56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Nmap est un outil open source incontournable pour cartographier, analyser et s\u00e9curiser des infrastructures informatiques. Dans cet article, on vous explique comment il fonctionne, pourquoi il reste un pilier de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9, et comment l\u2019utiliser concr\u00e8tement pour d\u00e9tecter les services expos\u00e9s, auditer un r\u00e9seau ou mener des tests d\u2019intrusion !<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edaa018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"edaa018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les <strong>r\u00e9seaux informatiques<\/strong> sont devenus des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes vivants, denses, et en perp\u00e9tuel changement. Entre les <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/serveur-de-fichier-tout-savoir\">serveurs<\/a>, les postes utilisateurs, les objets connect\u00e9s, les conteneurs et les services cloud, difficile de garder une vision claire de qui parle \u00e0 qui, comment, et pourquoi.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-align: var(--text-align);\">Or, dans un tel environnement, l\u2019invisibilit\u00e9 rime souvent avec vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9. Heureusement, il existe un outil aussi l\u00e9gendaire qu\u2019indispensable : <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Nmap<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-align: var(--text-align);\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utilis\u00e9 par les administrateurs, les <strong>pentesteurs<\/strong>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/certified-ethical-hacker-tout-savoir\">hackers \u00e9thiques<\/a> et les curieux, ce <strong>scanner r\u00e9seau<\/strong> est l\u2019un des premiers r\u00e9flexes pour <strong>cartographier<\/strong>, <strong>analyser<\/strong> et <strong>s\u00e9curiser un syst\u00e8me<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5942400 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"5942400\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45d1ddc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45d1ddc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pourquoi surveiller et cartographier son r\u00e9seau est devenu vital ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ca6b24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ca6b24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un r\u00e9seau non surveill\u00e9, c\u2019est un peu comme une ville sans cam\u00e9ra. Tout peut s\u2019y passer, sans que personne ne le remarque.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Et dans le <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">monde num\u00e9rique<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, cette opacit\u00e9 est un v\u00e9ritable terrain de jeu pour les attaquants.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chaque appareil connect\u00e9, chaque service expos\u00e9, chaque port ouvert est une porte d\u2019entr\u00e9e potentielle. Quand on y ajoute le t\u00e9l\u00e9travail, le <strong>BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)<\/strong>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machines-virtuelles-tout-savoir\">machines virtuelles<\/a> ou encore les <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/api-vulnerability-tout-savoir\">API en libre acc\u00e8s<\/a>, on comprend vite pourquoi la surface d\u2019attaque ne cesse de cro\u00eetre.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pourtant, beaucoup d\u2019organisations ignorent la composition exacte de <strong>leur propre r\u00e9seau<\/strong>. C\u2019est le syndrome du \u00ab <strong>shadow IT<\/strong> \u00bb : services d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s sans validation, configurations oubli\u00e9es, \u00e9quipements laiss\u00e9s accessibles\u2026<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u2019est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ce besoin de visibilit\u00e9 que des outils comme <strong>Nmap<\/strong> existent. Ils permettent de voir ce qui est l\u00e0, m\u00eame quand c\u2019est bien cach\u00e9, et d\u2019<strong>identifier les points faibles<\/strong> avant que quelqu\u2019un d\u2019autre ne le fasse.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20aa01c elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"20aa01c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-cybersecurite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Ma\u00eetriser la surveillance et la cartographie r\u00e9seau<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f29e92 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"1f29e92\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7446169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7446169\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nmap, un outil culte pour les pros de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91ab348 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91ab348\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sorti \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 90, <strong>Nmap (pour Network Mapper)<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u \u00e0 l\u2019origine pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une question simple : \u00ab qu\u2019est-ce qui tourne sur ce r\u00e9seau ? \u00bb<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Depuis, il a travers\u00e9 les \u00e9poques, les architectures, les syst\u00e8mes, et reste encore aujourd\u2019hui un standard absolu pour <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">l\u2019exploration r\u00e9seau<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Son succ\u00e8s, il le doit \u00e0 sa polyvalence impressionnante. Avec Nmap, on peut d\u00e9tecter les <strong>h\u00f4tes actifs sur un r\u00e9seau<\/strong>, identifier les <strong>ports ouverts sur une machine<\/strong>, rep\u00e9rer les <strong>services en \u00e9coute<\/strong> et leurs versions.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">On peut aussi deviner le syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation distant, et <\/span><a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/script-automatisation-tout-savoir\">automatiser des tests gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des scripts personnalis\u00e9s<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">. Autrement dit, Nmap ne se contente pas de \u00ab scanner \u00bb. Il explore, r\u00e9v\u00e8le, d\u00e9crypte.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Son adoption massive par les professionnels de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (et parfois par ceux qui veulent passer entre les mailles du filet\u2026) s\u2019explique aussi par sa <strong>robustesse<\/strong> et son <strong>accessibilit\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Il fonctionne aussi bien en ligne de commande qu\u2019avec une interface graphique (<\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Zenmap<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">), tourne sur tous les syst\u00e8mes, et offre un contr\u00f4le extr\u00eamement fin sur les analyses.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Un v\u00e9ritable couteau suisse du pentester, mais aussi un excellent alli\u00e9 pour les <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">administrateurs r\u00e9seau<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0abd9aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0abd9aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"571\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-270907\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-1.webp 1000w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-1-300x171.webp 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-1-768x439.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d84ed1a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"d84ed1a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebd9856 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ebd9856\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comment fonctionne Nmap ? Les bases \u00e0 conna\u00eetre<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9790041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9790041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Derri\u00e8re son interface minimaliste, Nmap cache une machinerie technique redoutablement efficace. Mais rassurez-vous : pas besoin d\u2019\u00eatre <strong>ing\u00e9nieur r\u00e9seau<\/strong> pour en comprendre les grands principes.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Le c\u0153ur de Nmap, c\u2019est le scan de ports. Chaque service r\u00e9seau \u00e9coute sur un port (<\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">HTTP sur 80<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">SSH sur 22<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, etc). En envoyant des paquets bien choisis, Nmap peut savoir si ces ports sont ouverts, ferm\u00e9s ou filtr\u00e9s, et en d\u00e9duire les services actifs.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Selon les objectifs plusieurs <strong>techniques de scan<\/strong> sont disponibles : le <strong>TCP connect scan<\/strong>, simple, mais bruyant, le <strong>SYN scan<\/strong> (ou \u00ab demi-ouverture \u00bb), plus furtif et rapide, le <strong>UDP scan<\/strong>, plus lent, mais utile pour d\u00e9tecter certains services.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mais Nmap ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : il peut aussi effectuer des <strong>analyses de banni\u00e8res<\/strong>, qui permettent d\u2019identifier la version d\u2019un logiciel ou d\u2019un serveur, voire des <strong>d\u00e9tections d\u2019OS bas\u00e9es sur des signatures r\u00e9seau<\/strong>.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">On parle alors de <\/span><a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/fingerprinting-tout-savoir\">fingerprinting<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, une sorte d\u2019<\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">empreinte num\u00e9rique<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> laiss\u00e9e par la machine. Les r\u00e9sultats sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re claire : liste des ports, \u00e9tat, service associ\u00e9, parfois m\u00eame avec des notes sur la version ou le type d\u2019OS d\u00e9tect\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il est m\u00eame possible de les exporter en XML ou HTML pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des rapports professionnels. Ainsi, Nmap ne se contente pas de dire \u00ab ce port est ouvert \u00bb, il vous aide \u00e0 <strong>comprendre l\u2019environnement r\u00e9seau<\/strong>, <strong>anticiper les risques<\/strong>\u2026 et <strong>pr\u00e9parer votre riposte<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5630b06 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5630b06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-cybersecurite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Comprendre le fonctionnement de Nmap<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fab3bbc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"fab3bbc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c0f049 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c0f049\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nmap en action : exemples de sc\u00e9narios<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f5fe60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f5fe60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parler th\u00e9orie c\u2019est bien, mais voir <strong>Nmap en action<\/strong>, c\u2019est encore mieux. Voici trois exemples de situations o\u00f9 l\u2019outil montre toute sa pertinence.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-642e714 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"642e714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cartographier un r\u00e9seau d\u2019entreprise<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a99d3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a99d3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imaginez : vous reprenez une <strong>DSI<\/strong> o\u00f9 la documentation est quasi inexistante. Plut\u00f4t que de fouiller dans les armoires r\u00e9seau et les fichiers Excel p\u00e9rim\u00e9s, un simple <strong>nmap -sn 192. 168.1.0\/24<\/strong> vous permet de dresser une carte rapide des machines actives sur un sous-r\u00e9seau.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besoin d\u2019aller plus loin ? Avec <strong>nmap -sS -0 -v 192.168.1.0\/24<\/strong>, vous obtenez en plus les ports ouverts, les services d\u00e9tect\u00e9s et une estimation du syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation de chaque h\u00f4te. De quoi reprendre la main en quelques minutes !<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c30c62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c30c62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Identifier les services expos\u00e9s sur une machine distante<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1eecfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1eecfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous g\u00e9rez un <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/administrateur-serveur-web-tout-savoir\">serveur web<\/a> et vous voulez v\u00e9rifier qu\u2019il n\u2019expose pas plus que ce qu\u2019il devrait ? Un <strong>nmap -sV monserveur.fr<\/strong> vous dresse la liste des services accessibles de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, accompagn\u00e9s de leurs versions.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">C\u2019est parfait pour rep\u00e9rer une ancienne version d\u2019<\/span><a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-apache\">Apache<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> oubli\u00e9e ou un service SSH mal configur\u00e9 !<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa323d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa323d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scanner en mode furtif pour un test d\u2019intrusion<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74e3c98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74e3c98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En phase de test d\u2019intrusion, la discr\u00e9tion est reine. Le <strong>scan SYN (-sS)<\/strong> coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 un <strong>timing lent (-T1)<\/strong> et des options d\u2019\u00e9vasion (&#8211;data-lenght, \u2013source-port, etc.) permet de <strong>sonder un r\u00e9seau sans attirer l\u2019attention imm\u00e9diate des IDS\/IPS<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce type d\u2019analyse aide \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter les failles d\u2019exposition\u2026 sans faire sonner toutes les alarmes.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Ces diff\u00e9rents sc\u00e9narios montrent bien que Nmap n\u2019est pas juste un gadget de <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">script kiddie<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> : c\u2019est un outil de diagnostic r\u00e9seau pr\u00e9cis, capable de s\u2019adapter aux situations les plus vari\u00e9es !<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a17e2a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a17e2a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"571\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-270911\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-2.webp 1000w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-2-300x171.webp 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-2-768x439.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-779a213 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"779a213\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d64ed90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d64ed90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les commandes et astuces pour aller plus loin<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90f790c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90f790c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ma\u00eetriser Nmap, ce n\u2019est pas seulement conna\u00eetre ses options de base. C\u2019est aussi tirer parti de sa richesse fonctionnelle. Voici quelques techniques qui font la diff\u00e9rence.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">La commande tout-en-un nmap -A est parfaite pour des audits rapides. Elle permet d\u2019activer la <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">d\u00e9tection d\u2019OS<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, les <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">versions des services<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, les <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">scripts NSE<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> et le <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">traceroute<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour scanner tous les sports, pas juste les 1000 premiers par d\u00e9faut, vous pouvez utiliser <strong>nmap -p<\/strong>. De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, <strong>namp -sU<\/strong> lance un <strong>scan UDP<\/strong>, souvent oubli\u00e9, mais crucial pour identifier des services comme <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/attaque-dns-tout-savoir\">DNS<\/a> ou <strong>SNMP<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous pouvez aussi <strong>exporter les r\u00e9sultats en XML<\/strong> pour une int\u00e9gration dans des <strong>outils de reporting ou d\u2019analyse<\/strong>, avec <strong>nmap -oX<\/strong> rapport.xml.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">En outre, l\u2019une des fonctionnalit\u00e9s les plus puissantes est le <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Nmap Scripting Engine<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">. Il permet d\u2019automatiser des t\u00e2ches comme la <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">d\u00e9tection de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s connues (vuln)<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, la <\/span><a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/bruteforce-hydra-tout-savoir\">brute-force<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> de services (<\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">ftp-brute, ssh-brute<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">), ou l\u2019<\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">extraction d\u2019informations pr\u00e9cises (http-title, ssl-cert\u2026)<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un <strong>nmap \u2013script vuln 192.168.1.5<\/strong> peut parfois r\u00e9v\u00e9ler plus de failles qu\u2019un <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/scan-de-vulnerabilite-tout-savoir\">scanner de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s<\/a> classique. Et avec <strong>\u2013script-help<\/strong>, vous pouvez explorer les possibilit\u00e9s sans fin offertes par cette biblioth\u00e8que !<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un autre atout \u00e0 exploiter est l\u2019int\u00e9gration avec d\u2019autres outils. Nmap ne vit pas en silo et s\u2019int\u00e8gre facilement dans des <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pipeline-de-donnees\">pipelines<\/a>. Son interface graphique Zenmap est id\u00e9ale pour les moins \u00e0 l\u2019aise avec le terminal.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De m\u00eame, <strong>Metasploit<\/strong> permet d\u2019encha\u00eener rapidement vers l\u2019exploitation des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s. En compl\u00e9ment, <strong>Wireshark<\/strong> aide \u00e0 observer les paquets \u00e9chang\u00e9s pendant le scan.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Vous l\u2019aurez compris : ma\u00eetriser Nmap, c\u2019est poser les fondations d\u2019une <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">strat\u00e9gie de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> offensive ou d\u00e9fensive solide.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05b66ed elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"05b66ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-cybersecurite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Se familiariser avec les commandes Nmap<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f3f363 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"8f3f363\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c70a13e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c70a13e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quelles sont les limites de cet outil ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2281d0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2281d0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bien que redoutable, Nmap n\u2019est pas magique. Le croire omniscient serait une grave erreur.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Il ne remplace pas un scanner de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s comme <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Nessus<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> ou <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">OpenVAS<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> : il ne vous dira pas qu\u2019un service est expos\u00e9 \u00e0 <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Log4Shell<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> ou qu\u2019un mot de passe <\/span><a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/mysql-tout-savoir\">MySQL<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> est trivial. C\u2019est un outil qui montre les portes, pas ce qu\u2019il y a derri\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De plus, il est limit\u00e9 face \u00e0 certaines configurations : les <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pare-feu-tout-savoir\">pare-feux bien r\u00e9gl\u00e9s<\/a>, les <strong>honeypots<\/strong>, ou les <strong>r\u00e9seaux segment\u00e9s<\/strong> peuvent fausser les r\u00e9sultats. Et il faut garder en t\u00eate que certains services masquent volontairement leurs signatures.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par ailleurs, soulignons que lancer un scan sur un r\u00e9seau qui ne vous appartient pas peut \u00eatre ill\u00e9gal. M\u00eame un simple <strong>nmap -sS sur une IP ext\u00e9rieure<\/strong> peut \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une tentative d\u2019intrusion.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Vous devez toujours demander une autorisation explicite, surtout dans un cadre professionnel ou acad\u00e9mique.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour plus d\u2019efficacit\u00e9, mieux vaut \u00e9galement privil\u00e9gier des <strong>scans cibl\u00e9s et r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis<\/strong>, avec un p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre d\u00e9fini et des options bien choisies, plut\u00f4t que de tout scanner \u00e0 l\u2019aveugle. Un bon scan est pr\u00e9cis, rapide et interpr\u00e9table.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Veillez enfin \u00e0 garder vos bases \u00e0 jour (<\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">nmap \u2013update<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">) et explorez r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les nouveaux scripts NSE qui s\u2019enrichissent avec chaque version.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4265534 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4265534\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"571\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-3.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-270912\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-3.webp 1000w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-3-300x171.webp 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nmap-datascientest-3-768x439.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a6fb29 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"6a6fb29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19772fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19772fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion : Nmap, parce qu\u2019on ne prot\u00e8ge bien que ce qu\u2019on comprend<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02c4d2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"02c4d2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nmap n\u2019est pas un simple scanner, mais un <strong>v\u00e9ritable outil de lecture du r\u00e9seau<\/strong>. Il permet de comprendre ce qui se passe sous la surface, de visualiser les points d\u2019exposition, et de poser les bases d\u2019une <strong>d\u00e9fense s\u00e9rieuse<\/strong> ou d\u2019un <strong>test d\u2019intrusion<\/strong> efficace.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Sa force ? \u00catre \u00e0 la fois puissant, modulable, et accessible, avec une logique limpide et une richesse fonctionnelle rarement \u00e9gal\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Que vous soyez <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/adminsys-tout-savoir\">sysadmin<\/a>, <strong>pentester<\/strong> ou <strong>\u00e9tudiant en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong>, conna\u00eetre Nmap, c\u2019est gagner en lucidit\u00e9 et en r\u00e9activit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Afin de <strong>ma\u00eetriser Nmap<\/strong> et de l\u2019utiliser comme un professionnel, vous pouvez <strong>vous former avec DataScientest<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-fondamentaux-cybersecurite\" style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">Nos formations en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> vous permettent de d\u00e9couvrir les fondamentaux, ou de vous orienter vers une sp\u00e9cialisation d\u2019<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/ingenieur-cybersecurite-tout-savoir\" style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">ing\u00e9nieur<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, d\u2019<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/analyste-cybersecurite-tout-savoir\" style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">analyste<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, d\u2019<\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">administrateur<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> ou de <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">consultant<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous apprendrez \u00e0 <strong>auditer un r\u00e9seau<\/strong>, \u00e0 <strong>manipuler les outils comme Nmap, Wireshark ou Metasploit<\/strong>, et \u00e0 comprendre les <strong>m\u00e9canismes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes<\/strong> et des applications. Le tout avec une p\u00e9dagogie orient\u00e9e pratique, et des cas concrets issus du terrain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous d\u00e9velopperez toutes les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour exercer le m\u00e9tier de votre choix dans ce secteur florissant, et vous pr\u00e9parerez une <strong>certification reconnue<\/strong> dans le secteur.<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">Nos diff\u00e9rents parcours sont disponibles en <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/definition-bootcamp\" style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">bootcamp intensif<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-alternance\" style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">alternance<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, ou <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/apprentissage-continu-tout-savoir\" style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">formation continue<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">, et notre organisme est \u00e9ligible au <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/financement-et-tarifs\" style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">financement via le CPF ou France Travail<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">. <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\">D\u00e9couvrez DataScientest<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/top-5-meilleures-formation-cybersecurite\" style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">devenez un expert de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; text-align: var(--text-align);\"> !<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc392dc elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cc392dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-cybersecurite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrez nos formations en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83819b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83819b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour plus d\u2019informations sur le m\u00eame sujet, d\u00e9couvrez <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pentester-tout-savoir\">notre dossier complet sur le m\u00e9tier de Pentester<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/pentest-tout-savoir\">notre dossier consacr\u00e9 aux tests d\u2019intrusion<\/a> !<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea0fa1b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"ea0fa1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cefd358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"cefd358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Qu'est-ce que Nmap ?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Nmap (Network Mapper) est un outil open-source de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 informatique utilis\u00e9 pour l'analyse et la d\u00e9couverte de r\u00e9seaux. Il permet de scanner des r\u00e9seaux, de d\u00e9tecter les h\u00f4tes actifs, de cartographier des r\u00e9seaux et d'identifier les services et les versions des logiciels qui y sont ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Comment fonctionne Nmap ?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Nmap fonctionne en envoyant des paquets sp\u00e9cifiques aux h\u00f4tes d'un r\u00e9seau pour analyser leur r\u00e9ponse. Il utilise diff\u00e9rentes techniques de balayage, comme le balayage par SYN (TCP Connect), ICMP et les balayages UDP, pour identifier les h\u00f4tes actifs et les services qu'ils offrent.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Quels sont les avantages de Nmap ?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Les avantages de Nmap incluent sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 effectuer des analyses approfondies, \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s et \u00e0 fournir des informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur les services et les syst\u00e8mes. Il est \u00e9galement rapide, flexible et prend en charge de nombreux types de scans et d'options avanc\u00e9es.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Comment utiliser Nmap pour scanner un r\u00e9seau ?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Pour utiliser Nmap, vous pouvez ex\u00e9cuter la commande suivante dans un terminal : `nmap [options] [adresse IP ou domaine]`. Par exemple, `nmap 192.168.1.1` effectuera un scan de l'h\u00f4te sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9. Il existe de nombreuses options pour personnaliser les scans, comme `-sP` pour un scan de d\u00e9couverte d'h\u00f4tes ou `-sV` pour d\u00e9tecter les versions des services.\"\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  ]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nmap est un outil open source incontournable pour cartographier, analyser et s\u00e9curiser des infrastructures informatiques. Dans cet article, on vous explique comment il fonctionne, pourquoi il reste un pilier de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9, et comment l\u2019utiliser concr\u00e8tement pour d\u00e9tecter les services expos\u00e9s, auditer un r\u00e9seau ou mener des tests d\u2019intrusion ! Les r\u00e9seaux informatiques sont devenus [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":270855,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2498],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nmap : Qu&#039;est-ce que c&#039;est ? Comment s&#039;en servir ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez comment fonctionne le Nmap, l&#039;outil incontournable pour la cartographie des r\u00e9seaux en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9. Analyse des infrastructures, d\u00e9tection des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s, renforcement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes... les d\u00e9tails dans cet article.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/nmap-tout-savoir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nmap : Qu&#039;est-ce que c&#039;est ? 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