{"id":2888,"date":"2020-05-27T07:52:57","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T07:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=2888"},"modified":"2023-11-09T14:14:29","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T14:14:29","slug":"types-de-variables-en-python-si-on-clarifiait-la-dynamique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/types-de-variables-en-python-si-on-clarifiait-la-dynamique","title":{"rendered":"Types de variables en Python : si on clarifiait la dynamique ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2888\" class=\"elementor elementor-2888\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee66932 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee66932\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a377909\" data-id=\"a377909\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa37040 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aa37040\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Python s\u2019est depuis quelques temps impos\u00e9 comme un des leaders sur le march\u00e9 des langages de programmation pour la Data Science: simple \u00e0 prendre en main pour des personnes avec un pass\u00e9 de statisticien, bien fourni en librairies, capable de tout, c\u2019est un fid\u00e8le compagnon de route du Data Scientist.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f74d113 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f74d113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\">Toutefois, on peut faire de la Data Science \u00e0 un niveau assez important sans pour autant tout voir de ses particularit\u00e9s: combien de Data Scientists utilisent\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/python-avance-astuce-machine-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">des d\u00e9corateurs<\/a><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\">\u00a0? Python est-il multi-thread ou multi-core ?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or l\u2019autre jour, essayant de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question de pourquoi le code suivant affiche deux r\u00e9sultats diff\u00e9rents,<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-42e1a03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"42e1a03\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af2e479\" data-id=\"af2e479\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d508a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0d508a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.12-1024x167.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2893\" alt=\"java\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.12-1024x167.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.12-300x49.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.12-768x125.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.12.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d91073 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d91073\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Je suis tomb\u00e9 sur <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pandas-dev\/pandas\/blob\/master\/pandas\/core\/series.py#L2083\">\u00e7a.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01779ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"01779ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"149\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.18-1024x191.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2894\" alt=\"java\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.18-1024x191.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.18-300x56.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.18-768x143.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.24.18.png 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d975210 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d975210\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPour ceux qui, comme moi, ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait du Java, \u00e7a peut \u00e9voquer des souvenirs (voir des\u00a0blessures) mais pour un utilisateur peu aguerri de Python, \u00e7a peut surprendre\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbebea7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbebea7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typage dynamique vs typage statique<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11889ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11889ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Python est un langage typ\u00e9 dynamiquement, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019on peut <strong>changer le type d\u2019une variable.<\/strong> A contrario, un langage typ\u00e9 statiquement force \u00e0 <strong>d\u00e9finir le type des variables<\/strong> et \u00e0 le conserver au cours de la vie de la variable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba10942 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ba10942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"66\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.26.16-1024x85.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2895\" alt=\"java\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.26.16-1024x85.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.26.16-300x25.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.26.16-768x64.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.26.16.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fff91c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fff91c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c7a rend \u00e9videmment Python tr\u00e8s facile \u00e0 utiliser puisqu\u2019on n\u2019a pas besoin de pr\u00e9ciser le type d\u2019une variable \u00e0 l\u2019avance et on peut en changer facilement. Mais essayer de faire \u00e7a avec Java\u2026<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-31fd7a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"31fd7a1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b97c1cf\" data-id=\"b97c1cf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7ddad6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e7ddad6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/volcan.gif\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2897\" alt=\"volcan explosion\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Moi codant en Java - All\u00e9gorie<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3099f06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3099f06\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d5709d\" data-id=\"5d5709d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ab6e62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ab6e62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cette facilit\u00e9 de Python peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre source de confusion.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si on ne sait pas pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment quel type de variable une fonction peut accepter alors on peut rencontrer des <\/span><b>difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 lire le code d\u2019un autre<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mais une des features offertes par Python, nous permet de donner l\u2019illusion d\u2019un typage statique: les <\/span><b>annotations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8336c08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8336c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Annotations<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6e82ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6e82ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En Python, on peut utiliser les annotations pour ajouter des informations sur le code que l\u2019on est en train d\u2019\u00e9crire. Ainsi, je peux \u00e9crire: <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0557d0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0557d0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.28.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-425aa01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"425aa01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On peut pr\u00e9ciser la nature des arguments avec ces \u201c:\u201d et un string derri\u00e8re mais aussi la nature de la sortie de la fonction. Ces annotations sont accessibles avec en utilisant: <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a45964 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a45964\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"47\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.32-1024x60.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2899\" alt=\"java\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.32-1024x60.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.32-300x17.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.32-768x45.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.32.png 1204w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6aa837 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6aa837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ce qui renvoie:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04b3d3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"04b3d3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"41\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.38-1024x53.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2900\" alt=\"java\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.38-1024x53.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.38-300x16.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.38-768x40.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.38.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67f48c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67f48c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour autant, je n\u2019ai pas chang\u00e9 la structure interne de Python. Pire m\u00eame, \u00e7a ne sert \u00e0 rien. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e5d121 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e5d121\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"43\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.44-1024x55.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2901\" alt=\"java\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.44-1024x55.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.44-300x16.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.44-768x42.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.44.png 1184w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bda8664 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bda8664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>et<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9015a95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9015a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.50-1024x92.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2902\" alt=\"java\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.50-1024x92.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.50-300x27.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.50-768x69.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.43.50.png 1202w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9fabd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9fabd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fonctionnent tr\u00e8s bien\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1243989 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1243989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alors que se passe-t-il? En dehors de l\u2019aspect esth\u00e9tique (somme toute relatif), est-ce totalement inutile?\u00a0<\/p><p>Et bien oui et non\u2026\u00a0<\/p><p>Effectivement, ces annotations ne sont que des moyens d\u2019obtenir des informations sur les diff\u00e9rents arguments et sortie de votre fonction mais le gain en clart\u00e9 est non n\u00e9gligeable dans l\u2019utilisation de la fonction.<\/p><p>En effet lorsqu\u2019on travaille \u00e0 plusieurs ou plus simplement lorsque l\u2019on partage du code, cela peut \u00eatre tr\u00e8s utile de pouvoir pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment identifier les arguments et sorties d\u2019une fonction qu\u2019on utilise.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3835863 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3835863\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MyPy<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44f844d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44f844d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mais on peut combiner ces annotations avec un autre outil: <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mypy.readthedocs.io\/en\/stable\/index.html\">MyPy<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. C\u2019est une librairie qui n\u2019a pas vraiment compris comment fonctionne Python et pense que les annotations sont vraiment des d\u00e9clarations de type.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elle permet de v\u00e9rifier si on fait les choses correctement\u2026 qu\u2019on met bien les carr\u00e9 dans les carr\u00e9, les ronds dans les ronds et les triangles dans les triangles.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6886f8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6886f8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.44.01-300x230.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2905\" alt=\"java\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.44.01-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2020-05-22-a\u0300-14.44.01.png 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Static typing,  circa 2 ans et demi, colorized\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd77ab2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd77ab2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il faut donc voir les <\/span><b>annotations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> comme une <\/span><b>aide au d\u00e9veloppement et au partage de code<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><b>MyPy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">comme un <\/span><b>guide pour d\u00e9velopper proprement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Certes, \u00e7a ne change pas grand chose quand on code sur un notebook en important toutes ses fonctions de sklearn ou pandas. Certes, un vrai typage statique permettrait d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le fonctionnement de Python (puisque celui-ci n\u2019aurait plus besoin d\u2019inf\u00e9rer le type des variables) mais \u00e7a peut aider \u00e0 se retrouver et \u00e0 d\u00e9bugger un trop plein&nbsp; de lignes de code. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8965fcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8965fcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Et m\u00eame si je sais que les annotations c\u2019est comme les bonnes r\u00e9solutions, on se dit qu\u2019on va les utiliser et deux fonctions plus tard, c\u2019est oubli\u00e9, je voulais au moins vous parler de ma d\u00e9couverte.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #04154b;\">Cet article vous a plu ? N\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/6fdb24d0.sibforms.com\/serve\/MUIEAK6UnrbR236UIB9QygO2ap6AQtaii7bMdnFUBKwbvV7knWSCcYwRdisgEXpe-qT7m-GT0as6Fh7JpaLdiwD0_5Cep5Ps3qEScmsvKrZh6NymnqcSrSFpJNirHNaUlqRAXBosIGGdsaWj1pYFbrgisoTFC0bnBnpW5x8XX4azcIPeA7PGuo-f-22EQgqvnjipuXZ4W9nU8ext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vous abonner \u00e0 notre newsletter\u00a0<\/a>pour recevoir des astuces data que vous ne trouverez nulle part ailleurs !\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0531d88 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0531d88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/rdv\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Prendre rendez-vous<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Python s\u2019est depuis quelques temps impos\u00e9 comme un des leaders sur le march\u00e9 des langages de programmation pour la Data Science: simple \u00e0 prendre en main pour des personnes avec un pass\u00e9 de statisticien, bien fourni en librairies, capable de tout, c\u2019est un fid\u00e8le compagnon de route du Data Scientist. Toutefois, on peut faire de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":2958,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[167],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Types de variables en Python : si on clarifiait la dynamique ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Types de variables en Python: Python est un langage typ\u00e9 dynamiquement, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019on peut changer le type d\u2019une variable.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/types-de-variables-en-python-si-on-clarifiait-la-dynamique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Types de variables en Python : si on clarifiait la dynamique ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/types-de-variables-en-python-si-on-clarifiait-la-dynamique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-27T07:52:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-09T14:14:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/publication-paul--e1591023996742.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1473\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"389\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Raphael Kassel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Raphael Kassel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/types-de-variables-en-python-si-on-clarifiait-la-dynamique\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/types-de-variables-en-python-si-on-clarifiait-la-dynamique\",\"name\":\"Types de variables en Python : si on clarifiait la dynamique ?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-27T07:52:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-09T14:14:29+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6eca16f63daaafcbc96e15549b9d4ee1\"},\"description\":\"Types de variables en Python: Python est un langage typ\u00e9 dynamiquement, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019on peut changer le type d\u2019une variable.\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/types-de-variables-en-python-si-on-clarifiait-la-dynamique\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/\",\"name\":\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\",\"description\":\"Leader de la formation en Data Science\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6eca16f63daaafcbc96e15549b9d4ee1\",\"name\":\"Raphael Kassel\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/raph.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/raph.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"Raphael Kassel\"},\"description\":\"Raphael Kassel est le Head of Data Programs chez DataScientest. 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