{"id":34949,"date":"2021-01-15T13:36:12","date_gmt":"2021-01-15T12:36:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=34949"},"modified":"2023-11-09T14:10:19","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T14:10:19","slug":"apprentissage-non-supervise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/apprentissage-non-supervise","title":{"rendered":"Apprentissage Non Supervis\u00e9 : principe et utilisation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"34949\" class=\"elementor elementor-34949\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a7c048 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a7c048\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36de382\" data-id=\"36de382\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-babee96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"babee96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Concernant les perspectives d'avenir, beaucoup d\u2019espoirs sont tourn\u00e9s vers l\u2019apprentissage non supervis\u00e9 pour am\u00e9liorer la cyber s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou l\u2019identification de diff\u00e9rentes maladies.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f2543 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2f2543\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><b>Concernant les perspectives d&rsquo;avenir, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence de l\u2019<\/span>apprentissage supervis\u00e9<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, l\u2019apprentissage non supervis\u00e9 est celui o\u00f9 l\u2019algorithme doit op\u00e9rer \u00e0 partir d\u2019<\/span><b>exemples non annot\u00e9s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. En effet, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dans ce cas de figure, l\u2019apprentissage par la machine se fait de mani\u00e8re enti\u00e8rement ind\u00e9pendante. Des donn\u00e9es sont alors renseign\u00e9es \u00e0 la machine sans qu\u2019on lui fournisse des exemples de r\u00e9sultats.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ainsi, dans cette situation d&rsquo;apprentissage, les r\u00e9ponses que l\u2019on veut trouver ne sont pas pr\u00e9sentes dans les donn\u00e9es fournies : <\/span><b>l\u2019algorithme utilise des donn\u00e9es non \u00e9tiquet\u00e9es<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. On attend donc de la machine qu\u2019elle cr\u00e9e elle-m\u00eame les r\u00e9ponses gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes analyses et au classement des donn\u00e9es.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les mod\u00e8les d\u2019apprentissage non supervis\u00e9 sont notamment utilis\u00e9s pour :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le classement des donn\u00e9es<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le calcul approximatif de la densit\u00e9 de distribution\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La r\u00e9duction des dimensions<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans ce cadre, l\u2019ensemble des donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es est trait\u00e9 comme des variables al\u00e9atoires. En effet et contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019apprentissage automatique qui se doit de trouver un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es \u00e9tiquet\u00e9es : f(X)\u00a0 Y, il\u00a0 utilise seulement des donn\u00e9es non \u00e9tiquet\u00e9es : il n\u2019y a pas de variable Y \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019utilisation de l\u2019apprentissage non supervis\u00e9 peut \u00eatre r\u00e9unie en probl\u00e8mes de clustering et d\u2019association.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee75200 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee75200\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b804330\" data-id=\"b804330\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bbc6cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4bbc6cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Clustering<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e730716 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e730716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un probl\u00e8me de clustering est un probl\u00e8me pour lequel on attend de la machine qu\u2019elle <\/span><b>rassemble sous forme de groupe (mise en cluster) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">des objets pr\u00e9sents dans des groupes de donn\u00e9es, et ce de la mani\u00e8re la plus juste et efficace possible.\u00a0 Cette technique, bien que parfois difficile \u00e0 comprendre par l\u2019homme, est tr\u00e8s utilis\u00e9e dans le domaine du marketing pour placer dans des groupes les diff\u00e9rents clients par exemple. Un exemple d\u2019algorithme tr\u00e8s souvent utilis\u00e9 dans le clustering est le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/clustering-focus-sur-lalgorithme-des-k-moyennes\">K-means<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c87b423 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c87b423\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae0a22a\" data-id=\"ae0a22a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f54b3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f54b3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Association<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-591d5ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"591d5ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le syst\u00e8me d\u2019association permet de<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> trier et regrouper les donn\u00e9es<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> qui peuvent \u00eatre li\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 certaines caract\u00e9ristiques. Le but est donc de trouver des objets li\u00e9s les uns aux autres sans qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse n\u00e9anmoins d\u2019objets identiques. \u00c0 titre d\u2019exemple, en fournissant \u00e0 l\u2019algorithme de nombreuses images de chats et d\u2019accessoires pour chats, alors l\u2019algorithme d\u2019apprentissage non supervis\u00e9 ne regrouperait pas tous les chats ensemble mais par exemple une pelote de laine avec un chat. Un exemple d\u2019algorithme tr\u00e8s souvent utilis\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;association est l\u2019algorithme A-priori.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019apprentissage non supervis\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s souvent utilis\u00e9 dans le domaine de la reconnaissance vocale, comme pour l\u2019utilisation de\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/fr\/siri\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Siri<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/alexa.amazon.fr\/spa\/index.html#cards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alexa.<\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ainsi, ce dernier permet d\u2019apprendre les particularit\u00e9s vocales du propri\u00e9taire du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone (langage, son de voix..).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on, certains t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables l&rsquo;utilisent pour disposer de mani\u00e8re automatis\u00e9e les photos. En effet, le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone est apte \u00e0 identifier la m\u00eame personne sur des photos ou trouver des lieux similaires afin de les ranger selon ces crit\u00e8res.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-79fd3fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"79fd3fa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-010c303\" data-id=\"010c303\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b389219 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b389219\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quelles diff\u00e9rences avec l\u2019apprentissage supervis\u00e9 ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbf55d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cbf55d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00eame si les deux types d\u2019apprentissages rel\u00e8vent de l\u2019intelligence artificielle, <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/apprentissage-supervise\">l&rsquo;apprentissage supervis\u00e9<\/a> consiste \u00e0 apprendre une fonction de pr\u00e9diction \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;exemples labellis\u00e9s.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019apprentissage supervis\u00e9 consiste \u00e0 surveiller l\u2019apprentissage de la machine en lui pr\u00e9sentant des exemples de ce qu\u2019elle doit effectuer. Ainsi, le but de l\u2019apprentissage supervis\u00e9 est de <\/span><b>cr\u00e9er des algorithmes aptes \u00e0 recevoir des ensembles de donn\u00e9es <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser une analyse statistique pour <\/span><b>pr\u00e9dire un r\u00e9sultat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c72d839 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c72d839\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d818d98\" data-id=\"d818d98\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7d74a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f7d74a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"151\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2021-01-15-a\u0300-13.16.33-1024x193.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34954\" alt=\"Apprentissage supervis\u00e9\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2021-01-15-a\u0300-13.16.33-1024x193.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2021-01-15-a\u0300-13.16.33-300x57.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2021-01-15-a\u0300-13.16.33-768x145.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Capture-de\u0301cran-2021-01-15-a\u0300-13.16.33.png 1272w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c04d16f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c04d16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enfin, il est n\u00e9cessaire de souligner qu\u2019il existe d\u2019autres types d\u2019apprentissage tel que l\u2019apprentissage semi-supervis\u00e9 qui consiste en un \u201cmix\u201d entre apprentissage supervis\u00e9 et apprentissage non supervis\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous souhaitez d\u00e9couvrir tous les champs d\u2019application de l\u2019apprentissage supervis\u00e9 et non supervis\u00e9 ? Apprendre \u00e0 les exploiter ?<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong>D\u00e9couvrez nos formations !<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e403ab0 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e403ab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir nos formations<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Concernant les perspectives d&rsquo;avenir, beaucoup d\u2019espoirs sont tourn\u00e9s vers l\u2019apprentissage non supervis\u00e9 pour am\u00e9liorer la cyber s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou l\u2019identification de diff\u00e9rentes maladies. Concernant les perspectives d&rsquo;avenir, \u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence de l\u2019apprentissage supervis\u00e9, l\u2019apprentissage non supervis\u00e9 est celui o\u00f9 l\u2019algorithme doit op\u00e9rer \u00e0 partir d\u2019exemples non annot\u00e9s. En effet, dans ce cas de figure, l\u2019apprentissage par [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":174465,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Apprentissage Non Supervis\u00e9 : principe et utilisation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vous avez d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu parler de l&#039;Apprentissage non supervis\u00e9 ? 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