{"id":3734,"date":"2020-06-19T09:55:08","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T09:55:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=3734"},"modified":"2024-04-29T10:24:30","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T10:24:30","slug":"immersion-dans-la-journee-type-dun-data-scientist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/immersion-dans-la-journee-type-dun-data-scientist","title":{"rendered":"Immersion dans la journ\u00e9e type d\u2019un Data Scientist"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3734\" class=\"elementor elementor-3734\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf24763 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cf24763\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d4c963\" data-id=\"2d4c963\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d40270 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d40270\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enqu\u00eate exclusive: \u00c0 quoi ressemble le quotidien d'un Data Scientist ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-042f06a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"042f06a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nombreux sont ceux qui fantasment sur le <\/span><b>m\u00e9tier de Data Scientist<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, sans toujours saisir les <\/span><b>missions attribu\u00e9es<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e0 ce poste.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><em><b>Que fait concr\u00e8tement un Data Scientist ?<\/b> Comment s\u2019organise la journ\u00e9e de ce ma\u00eetre des donn\u00e9es\u00a0?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u2019est pour \u00e9lucider ce myst\u00e8re que nous avons suivi durant une journ\u00e9e compl\u00e8te Daniel, <\/span><b>Data Scientist<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> depuis 3 ans au sein de <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\">datascientest.com<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd8f58a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bd8f58a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4afadeb\" data-id=\"4afadeb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66bfe0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66bfe0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Au coeur de l'action : Vivez cette journ\u00e9e en vid\u00e9o <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c472fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"7c472fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90f767d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"90f767d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/A4v6hKD-qcU&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center center;object-position:center center}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d464f84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d464f84\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9a5a0a8\" data-id=\"9a5a0a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4896ca1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4896ca1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">9h \u2013 10h : Coup d\u2019envoi <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e027c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e027c4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8c4421\" data-id=\"a8c4421\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dd3444 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dd3444\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u2019est le coup d\u2019envoi d\u2019une journ\u00e9e qui s\u2019annonce riche et passionnante, Daniel a <\/span><b>rendez-vous avec l\u2019\u00e9quipe \u00ab\u00a0Data Science\u00a0\u00bb <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">afin de mettre en place l\u2019objectif de la journ\u00e9e. Challenge\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">actuel de l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe:\u00a0<\/span><b style=\"font-size: 16px;\">mettre au point une IA capable de pr\u00e9dire les variations d\u2019un indice boursier<\/b><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous allons donc aujourd\u2019hui nous plonger dans le quotidien de Daniel au travers de cette probl\u00e9matique passionnante qu\u2019est le <\/span><b>Machine Learning appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la finance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans un premier temps, Daniel veut \u00eatre s\u00fbr de bien comprendre l\u2019objectif car notre Data Scientist exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 le sait:\u00a0 <\/span><b>la r\u00e9ussite de ce projet repose essentiellement sur la compr\u00e9hension de tous les param\u00e8tres \u00e0 prendre en compte<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, se pr\u00e9cipiter engendrerait un \u00e9chec garanti&#8230;\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apr\u00e8s plusieurs heures d\u2019\u00e9change avec ses coll\u00e8gues, Daniel se sent enfin pr\u00eat, il dispose de <\/span><b>tous les outils n\u00e9cessaires<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour d\u00e9buter cet ambitieux projet.\u00a0 Que le travail commence\u00a0!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca506d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ca506d2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e650875\" data-id=\"e650875\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53ec016 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53ec016\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">10h \u2013 11h : Compr\u00e9hension de la probl\u00e9matique m\u00e9tier <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70a3ab5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70a3ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apr\u00e8s s\u2019\u00eatre fait une <\/span><b>premi\u00e8re id\u00e9e de la faisabilit\u00e9 du projet,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Daniel pense mettre en place une application simple d\u2019utilisation qui permettra \u00e0 n\u2019importe quel utilisateur, exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 ou non, de <\/span><b>trader avec les conseils avis\u00e9s de l\u2019IA.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daniel consacre un temps pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 <\/span><b>se familiariser avec les notions et principes du monde dans lequel il va devoir r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: ici celui de la finance.\u00a0 En effet, il para\u00eet <\/span><b>impossible pour un Data Scientist d\u2019analyser des r\u00e9sultats sans comprendre leur signification<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Dans un second temps, il <\/span><b>identifie progressivement les diff\u00e9rentes marches \u00e0 suivre<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Eh oui, le <\/span><b>Data Scientist doit \u00eatre patient<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour offrir aux futurs users qui utiliseront son IA, une qualit\u00e9 indispensable et rare, la <\/span><b>fiabilit\u00e9<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b73366 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b73366\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7cb85a7\" data-id=\"7cb85a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fb268d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2fb268d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">11h \u2013 12h : Collecte et exploitation des donn\u00e9es <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b42cbdc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b42cbdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de ce long p\u00e9riple est la <\/span><b>collecte du Data Set<\/b> : jeu de donn\u00e9es en fran\u00e7ais.\u00a0\u00a0C\u2019est tout <b>l\u2019ensemble des donn\u00e9es que le Data Scientist va fournir en entr\u00e9e \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le algorithmique lui permettant d\u2019aboutir \u00e0 une de pr\u00e9diction<\/b>.\u00a0<\/p><p>Ce<b> Data Set <\/b>est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement divis\u00e9 en <b>2 parties <\/b>bien distinctes<b>\u00a0:\u00a0<\/b><\/p><ul><li><b>70% <\/b>constituent le<b> train set (jeu d\u2019apprentissage en fran\u00e7ais) <\/b>et vont servir \u00e0 <b>\u00ab\u00a0apprendre\u00a0\u00bb les param\u00e8tres <\/b>du mod\u00e8le.<b>\u00a0<\/b><\/li><li><b>30% <\/b>composent le<b> test set (\u00e9chantillon test) <\/b>et vont<b> tester la performance des param\u00e8tres appris <\/b>sur le train set.<b>\u00a0<\/b><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toutefois, dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas, Daniel ne se pr\u00e9occupe pas de la collecte des donn\u00e9es. Les \u00e9quipes\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de datascientest.com<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0les lui fournissent \u00e0 l\u2019aide de diverses techniques comme le <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/catalog\/module\/133-web-scraping\"><i>web scraping<\/i><\/a>, technique permettant l\u2019extraction des donn\u00e9es d\u2019un site via un programme, un logiciel automatique ou un autre site.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a1a04fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a1a04fd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9abf5ad\" data-id=\"9abf5ad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b568311 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b568311\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">12h \u2013 13h : Pr\u00e9paration des donn\u00e9es : compr\u00e9hension, analyse et nettoyage <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9de50f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9de50f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une fois les donn\u00e9es \u00e0 disposition, Daniel prend le temps de les comprendre et de les analyser. Il se rend malheureusement compte que <\/span><b>les donn\u00e9es ne sont pas imm\u00e9diatement exploitables<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. No worry\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les <\/span><b>donn\u00e9es initiales<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sont <\/span><b>rarement utilisables<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sans les avoir nettoy\u00e9es au pr\u00e9alable. <\/span><b>Une des t\u00e2ches <\/b>les plus importantes <b>du Data Scientist <\/b>est justement ce qu\u2019on appelle le<b> Data Cleaning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0!<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par exemple, il n\u2019est pas rare que les donn\u00e9es contiennent <\/span><b>plusieurs lignes identiques voir vides (gestion des NaN)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. N\u00e9anmoins, les langages informatiques que sont Python ou R permettent de pallier efficacement \u00e0 ces types de probl\u00e8mes sp\u00e9cifiques au Data Cleaning.\u00a0<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une fois cette \u00e9tape effectu\u00e9e, Daniel r\u00e9alise une<\/span><b> analyse visuelle, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">toujours \u00e0 l\u2019aide de <\/span><b>Python<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, afin de mieux<\/span><b> comprendre le Data Set.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Pour ce faire, il doit <\/span><b>ma\u00eetriser<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> par exemple des\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/top-10-des-librairies-python-pour-un-data-scientist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">librairies comme Matpolib ou Seaborn<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, tr\u00e8s simples d\u2019utilisation.<\/span><br \/><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cette \u00e9tape de visualisation est indispensable au sens o\u00f9 elle va permettre \u00e0 Daniel de<\/span><b> s\u2019approprier les donn\u00e9es et surtout de s\u2019assurer de leur fiabilit\u00e9<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. En effet le Data Scientist doit toujours se m\u00e9fier des donn\u00e9es qu\u2019il dispose pour savoir mettre de c\u00f4t\u00e9 celles qui lui semblent <\/span><b>inutiles ou aberrantes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8d7b50e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8d7b50e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89c0a55\" data-id=\"89c0a55\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ee5353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ee5353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">13h \u2013 14h : Pause<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d4bc85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d4bc85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daniel rejoint ses coll\u00e8gues dans l\u2019open space d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 cet effet. Toutefois, il ne se d\u00e9connecte pas totalement de son nouveau projet qui le passionne et questionne ses coll\u00e8gues sur ses premi\u00e8res observations. Il interroge leur point de vue afin d\u2019\u00e9ventuellement<\/span><b> envisager le probl\u00e8me sous un nouvel angle.<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52054b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52054b3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1522953\" data-id=\"1522953\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aff58fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aff58fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">14h \u2013 16h30 : Exploration des donn\u00e9es et Mod\u00e9lisation <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9c4b2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9c4b2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les donn\u00e9es d\u00e9sormais nettoy\u00e9es et exploitables, commence le <\/span><b>travail d\u2019exploration des donn\u00e9es<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p>Son but est d\u2019<b>extraire les variables explicatives (ou features) les plus pertinentes pour la pr\u00e9diction <\/b>des variations d\u2019un indice boursier et par cons\u00e9quent de <b>supprimer celles qui seront inutiles et\/ou redondantes <\/b>\u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une <b>analyse des corr\u00e9lations ou d\u2019une r\u00e9duction de dimensions via une ACP (analyse en composantes principales) <\/b>par exemple.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En effet, plus Daniel parviendra \u00e0 identifier les features les plus pertinentes, plus son <\/span><b>algorithme sera rapide et efficace<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cette identification faite, Daniel va d\u00e9sormais utiliser un algorithme de <\/span><b>Machine Learning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> capable de d\u00e9cider automatiquement de la hausse ou la baisse d\u2019un indice boursier. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, Daniel ne part pas de 0 (from scratch), il existe des\u00a0algorithmes performants d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9-cod\u00e9s qu\u2019on peut retrouver sur des modules comme\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/scikit-learn.org\/stable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scikit Learn<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0de Python.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00e9anmoins, l\u2019existence de ces algorithmes n\u2019implique pas que le travail de Daniel s\u2019arr\u00eate l\u00e0, loin de l\u00e0\u00a0!<\/span>\u00a0<\/p><blockquote>Daniel doit<b> choisir parmi une centaine d\u2019algorithmes disponibles, celui le plus adapt\u00e9 au probl\u00e8me. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00eame lorsque l\u2019algorithme a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9, il reste \u00e0 <\/span><b>d\u00e9terminer les dizaines de param\u00e8tres optimaux<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> afin que la pr\u00e9diction soit la plus performante possible.<\/span><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La question du <\/span><b>choix des param\u00e8tres <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">est justement une \u00e9tape essentielle et <\/span><b>d\u00e9pend\u00a0notamment du type de donn\u00e9es que l\u2019on dispose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (textes, tableaux, images, donn\u00e9es vocales, etc.), de leurs d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres ou non (solution\u00a0: sur\/sous \u00e9chantillonnage, changement adapt\u00e9 de la fonction de perte, etc.) ou encore de leurs volum\u00e9tries (risque d\u2019over\/underfitting \u00e0 g\u00e9rer).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aujourd\u2019hui, du fait du grand volume des donn\u00e9es et de la complexit\u00e9 du probl\u00e8me, Daniel a choisi d\u2019utiliser un r\u00e9seau de neurones convolutifs mais pas d\u2019inqui\u00e9tude, si les r\u00e9sultats ne sont pas convaincants, Daniel n\u2019h\u00e9sitera pas \u00e0 changer de strat\u00e9gie\u00a0!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a8f776 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a8f776\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9f2239c\" data-id=\"9f2239c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c75b96e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c75b96e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">16h30 \u2013 18h : Evaluation \u2013 Test <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fecbba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fecbba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apr\u00e8s avoir mis en place le mod\u00e8le, c\u2019est l\u2019heure du verdict, son algorithme va-t-il \u00eatre performant\u00a0? Va-t-il donner un score de pr\u00e9diction sur l\u2019\u00e9chantillon test \u00e0 la hauteur\u00a0? Daniel pense avoir un premier r\u00e9sultat prometteur. <\/span><b>\u201c60% ce n\u2019est pas mal mais on peut et on va faire mieux ! \u201c <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dit-il d\u2019un ton enthousiaste. Il le sait, le potentiel de son algorithme pourrait attirer une vaste client\u00e8le de professionnels <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-efc32a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"efc32a6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-918c14e\" data-id=\"918c14e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ee472e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ee472e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">18h : Fin de journ\u00e9e<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0d1c4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0d1c4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daniel a enfin fini sa journ\u00e9e. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demain matin, il tentera d\u2019<\/span><b>am\u00e9liorer les performances de son algorithme de pr\u00e9dictions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Pour ce faire, il a d\u00e9j\u00e0 une petite id\u00e9e en t\u00eate\u00a0: ajouter \u00e0 ses donn\u00e9es, une analyse des tweets en rapport avec le monde de la finance (techniques de<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/catalog\/module\/131-text-mining-avec-python\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">text mining<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), ce qui selon lui permettra d\u2019<\/span><b>enrichir le Data Set initial<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et d\u2019\u00e9tablir de nouvelles tendances. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il pr\u00e9voit \u00e9galement pour le lendemain de s\u2019occuper du <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d\u00e9ploiement<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la mise en production du mod\u00e8le avec le Data Engineer de l\u2019\u00e9quipe.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b74d86 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b74d86\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e185d31\" data-id=\"e185d31\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be79de4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be79de4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apr\u00e8s avoir pass\u00e9 une journ\u00e9e en immersion avec Daniel, nous pouvons constater que le Data Scientist doit poss\u00e9der des qualit\u00e9s techniques et humaines solides. Outre des <\/span><b>comp\u00e9tences \u00e9videntes en statistique, programmation et Machine Learning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ce m\u00e9tier n\u00e9cessite non seulement un <\/span><b>esprit d\u2019\u00e9quipe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> irr\u00e9prochable, mais aussi faire preuve d&rsquo;intuition.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019intuition non seulement d\u2019<\/span><b>identifier rapidement par quel moyen une probl\u00e9matique doit \u00eatre abord\u00e9e<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mais surtout l\u2019intuition de <\/span><b>d\u00e9terminer le mod\u00e8le et les param\u00e8tres les plus adapt\u00e9s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ce qui est s\u00fbr, <\/span><b>devenir Data Scientist ne s\u2019improvise pas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u2019est pour cette raison que nous avons cr\u00e9\u00e9 un <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-scientist\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cursus Data Scientist <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">avec des lancements de formations tous les mois au format Bootcamp ou continu !\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6d172de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6d172de\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7356d9\" data-id=\"b7356d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05045e6 elementor-headline--style-highlight elementor-widget elementor-widget-animated-headline\" data-id=\"05045e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;highlighted_text&quot;:&quot;cliquez ici !&quot;,&quot;marker&quot;:&quot;underline&quot;,&quot;headline_style&quot;:&quot;highlight&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;highlight_animation_duration&quot;:1200,&quot;highlight_iteration_delay&quot;:8000}\" data-widget_type=\"animated-headline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-animated-headline.min.css\">\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/events\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-headline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-plain-text elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">Pour vous renseigner sur les prochaines dates,<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-dynamic-wrapper elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-dynamic-text elementor-headline-text-active\">cliquez ici !<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Enqu\u00eate exclusive: \u00c0 quoi ressemble le quotidien d&rsquo;un Data Scientist ? Nombreux sont ceux qui fantasment sur le m\u00e9tier de Data Scientist, sans toujours saisir les missions attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 ce poste.\u00a0 Que fait concr\u00e8tement un Data Scientist ? Comment s\u2019organise la journ\u00e9e de ce ma\u00eetre des donn\u00e9es\u00a0? C\u2019est pour \u00e9lucider ce myst\u00e8re que nous avons [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":3825,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[1417],"tags":[160,202,203],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Immersion dans la journ\u00e9e type d\u2019un Data Scientist<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Que fait un Data Scientist au quotidien ? Vivez une journ\u00e9e type aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d&#039;un Data Scientist de Datascientest !\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/immersion-dans-la-journee-type-dun-data-scientist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Immersion dans la journ\u00e9e type d\u2019un Data Scientist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/immersion-dans-la-journee-type-dun-data-scientist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-19T09:55:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-29T10:24:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/immersion-dst-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1706\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Daniel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Daniel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/immersion-dans-la-journee-type-dun-data-scientist\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/immersion-dans-la-journee-type-dun-data-scientist\",\"name\":\"Immersion dans la journ\u00e9e type d\u2019un Data Scientist\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-19T09:55:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-29T10:24:30+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5a86e30c5090234fb43dd8baa83c44b0\"},\"description\":\"Que fait un Data Scientist au quotidien ? 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