{"id":56666,"date":"2021-04-07T08:59:59","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T07:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=56666"},"modified":"2023-11-09T14:07:51","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T14:07:51","slug":"5-etapes-pour-faire-un-test-statistique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/5-etapes-pour-faire-un-test-statistique","title":{"rendered":"5 \u00e9tapes pour faire un test statistique"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"56666\" class=\"elementor elementor-56666\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ade536 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"4ade536\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91382b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"91382b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Vous souhaitez savoir si la moyenne des notes entre deux classes est significativement diff\u00e9rente\u202f? Ou savoir si la pollution dans une ville est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un taux autoris\u00e9\u202f? Comment tester l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 d\u2019un nouveau traitement sur une population\u202f?\u00a0 C\u2019est ici que nous utilisons les tests statistiques\u202f! DataScientest vous pr\u00e9sente la m\u00e9thode pour faire un test statistique en 5 \u00e9tapes avec un exemple \u00e0 l\u2019appui.<\/b><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0959cd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0959cd1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d8fe2bf\" data-id=\"d8fe2bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f54d56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f54d56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un test statistique\u202f?  <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6daa593 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6daa593\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f69da1a\" data-id=\"f69da1a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26dc128 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26dc128\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un test statistique permet de <\/span><b>prendre une d\u00e9cision <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">entre deux hypoth\u00e8ses. \u00c0 partir de l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se statistique et d\u2019un \u00e9chantillon de donn\u00e9es, on doit r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une certaine probl\u00e9matique.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans cet article, on va se baser sur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience suivante\u202f: nous disposons d\u2019un ensemble de donn\u00e9es qui mesure le rythme cardiaque avant et apr\u00e8s le don du sang de 8 personnes prises au hasard dans une population. Nous r\u00e9pertorions dans le tableau ci-dessous les donn\u00e9es. <\/span><b>On cherche \u00e0 savoir si le rythme cardiaque est plus faible apr\u00e8s ou avant le don du sang<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-433b2dd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"433b2dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b29654c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b29654c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n.tg  {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}\r\n.tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;\r\n  overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\r\n.tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;\r\n  font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\r\n.tg .tg-baqh{text-align:center;vertical-align:top}\r\n.tg .tg-jzk6{background-color:#9698ed;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}\r\n.tg .tg-amwm{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<table class=\"tg\">\r\n<thead>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-jzk6\" colspan=\"2\">Rythme Cardiaque (par minute)<\/th>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-amwm\">Avant don du sang<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-amwm\">Apr\u00e8s don du sang<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">78<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">84<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">101<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">80<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">77<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">67<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">75<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">72<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">92<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">79<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">76<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">77<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">66<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">64<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">87<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-baqh\">80<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f4ebf87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f4ebf87\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0379c4\" data-id=\"b0379c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dab1c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4dab1c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1\u00e8re \u00e9tape\u202f:  D\u00e9finir l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se nulle et l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se alternative \n<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e81397e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e81397e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e327bec\" data-id=\"e327bec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f78fe47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f78fe47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se nulle Ho<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> correspond \u00e0 un <\/span><b>non-effet de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral cela peut \u00eatre l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 de param\u00e8tres statistiques comme la moyenne ou la variance de deux \u00e9chantillons choisis dans une population. C\u2019est ce que l\u2019on va rejeter ou accepter.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se alternative H1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se <\/span><b>que l\u2019on cherche \u00e0 montrer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, c\u2019est une l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se \u2018oppos\u00e9\u2019 ou \u2018contraire&rsquo; \u00e0 l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se nulle. Elle affirme que le param\u00e8tre utilis\u00e9 pour l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se nulle est soit sup\u00e9rieur, soit inf\u00e9rieur, soit diff\u00e9rent.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef68c9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef68c9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans notre exemple, on cherche \u00e0 savoir si le rythme cardiaque diminue avec le don du sang alors on d\u00e9finit l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se\u202fHo : \u00ab\u00a0le rythme cardiaque est le m\u00eame avant et apr\u00e8s le don du sang\u00a0\u00bb et H1 : \u00ab\u00a0le rythme cardiaque est plus faible apr\u00e8s qu\u2019avant le don du sang\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5328656 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5328656\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2e0fe2\" data-id=\"b2e0fe2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36f1ae7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36f1ae7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2eme \u00e9tape\u202f: L\u2019erreur de premi\u00e8re et deuxi\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce et la fonction puissance <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc81aa1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc81aa1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f996294\" data-id=\"f996294\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9672fd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9672fd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lors d\u2019un test statistique, il faut bien comprendre qu\u2019on n\u2019est jamais s\u00fbr \u00e0 100% du r\u00e9sultat. Il y a toujours un risque de se tromper.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>L\u2019erreur de premi\u00e8re esp\u00e8ce alpha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> correspond au risque de rejeter l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se nulle Ho alors qu\u2019elle est vrai\u202f: c\u2019est un \u00ab\u00a0faux positif\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>L\u2019erreur de deuxi\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce beta<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> correspond au risque d\u2019accepter l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se nulle alors qu\u2019elle est fausse\u202f: c\u2019est un \u00ab\u00a0faux n\u00e9gatif\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>La fonction puissance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est le risque de rejeter Ho alors qu\u2019on doit en effet rejeter Ho.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Par d\u00e9faut, on fixe le param\u00e8tre alpha \u00e0 5%\u202f: c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que la probabilit\u00e9 maximale de rejeter HO si elle est vraie est de 5%.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour construire un test, on impose\u202fque l\u2019erreur de premi\u00e8re esp\u00e8ce soit l\u2019erreur la plus importante \u00e0 prendre en compte. Ainsi parmi tous les tests dont l\u2019erreur de premi\u00e8re esp\u00e8ce est plut\u00f4t faible, on choisit ceux dont l\u2019erreur de deuxi\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce est la plus petite possible. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08d30f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08d30f9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a9efd2\" data-id=\"6a9efd2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e66d541 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e66d541\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/illu_schema_stats_1_blog-110-1024x562.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-56687\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/illu_schema_stats_1_blog-110-1024x562.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/illu_schema_stats_1_blog-110-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/illu_schema_stats_1_blog-110-768x422.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/illu_schema_stats_1_blog-110-1536x843.png 1536w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/illu_schema_stats_1_blog-110-2048x1124.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"> Tableau r\u00e9capitulatif de l\u2019erreur de premi\u00e8re et deuxi\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-05ab278 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"05ab278\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4aa0b1\" data-id=\"c4aa0b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72e9e55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72e9e55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3eme \u00e9tape\u202f: Choisir entre un test unilat\u00e9ral et bilat\u00e9ral \n<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3bbc5e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3bbc5e2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f7d7da\" data-id=\"7f7d7da\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c36e59c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c36e59c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il existe deux grands types de tests\u202f: <\/span><b>unilat\u00e9ral<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou <\/span><b>bilat\u00e9ral<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, qui vont d\u00e9pendre de la d\u00e9finition des hypoth\u00e8ses.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un test <\/span><b>unilat\u00e9ral<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est un test statistique o\u00f9 le param\u00e8tre de l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se alternative sera soit plus petit, soit plus grand qu\u2019une valeur de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, par exemple si l\u2019on prend les moyennes de deux \u00e9chantillons A et B, ce sera moyenneA &gt; moyenneB ou moyenneA &lt; moyenneB.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un test <\/span><b>bilat\u00e9ral<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est un test statistique o\u00f9 le param\u00e8tre de l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se alternative sera diff\u00e9rent, sans un signe connu (moyenneA \u2260 moyenneB ).<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb0b49a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb0b49a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans notre exemple, notre <\/span><b>hypoth\u00e8se alternative<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est\u202f H1 : \u00ab\u00a0le rythme cardiaque est plus faible apr\u00e8s qu\u2019avant le don du sang\u00a0\u00bb. Cela correspond \u00e0 un <\/span><b>test unilat\u00e9ral<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Si <\/span><b>l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se alternative <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e9tait H1\u202f: \u00ab\u00a0le rythme cardiaque est diff\u00e9rent avant et apr\u00e8s le don du sang\u00a0\u00bb alors ce serait un test <\/span><b>bilat\u00e9ral<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d79a779 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d79a779\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6286ae5\" data-id=\"6286ae5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6adecc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6adecc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/illu_schema_stats_2_blog-111.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-56688\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/illu_schema_stats_2_blog-111.png 2560w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/illu_schema_stats_2_blog-111-300x165.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"> Test unilat\u00e9ral vs test bilat\u00e9ral avec la zone de rejet (en vert) et la zone d\u2019acceptation (sans couleur)  <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7db4fe4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7db4fe4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b361568\" data-id=\"b361568\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-273efe9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"273efe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sur\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.python.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">python<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, on utilise le module <\/span><b>stats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de la librairie <\/span><b>scipy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour l\u2019ensemble des tests statistiques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019ensemble des fonctions de tests statistiques ont\u00a0 l\u2019argument <\/span><b>alternative<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour sp\u00e9cifier le type:\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">alternative = {\u00ab\u00a0greater\u00a0\u00bb} \/ {\u00ab\u00a0less\u00a0\u00bb} pour un test <\/span><b>unilat\u00e9ra<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l,\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">alternative= {\u00ab\u00a0two-sided\u00a0\u00bb} pour un test <\/span><b>bilat\u00e9ral<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (par d\u00e9faut si rien n\u2019est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9). <\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab51f34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ab51f34\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24457c2\" data-id=\"24457c2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-344847f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"344847f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4eme \u00e9tape\u202f: Choix du test adapt\u00e9 \n<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9a295cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9a295cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b38273\" data-id=\"8b38273\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c142f9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c142f9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u2019est une \u00e9tape tr\u00e8s importante, car un mauvais choix de test peut conduire \u00e0 des erreurs d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation des r\u00e9sultats.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il y a plusieurs crit\u00e8res \u00e0 prendre en compte concernant ce choix notamment\u202f:\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">la taille de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon,\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance entre les groupes,\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">les types de variables\u202f: quantitatives\/ qualitatives\/ cat\u00e9gorielles.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09be220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09be220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il existe aussi deux grands types de tests statistiques\u202f: les tests <\/span><b>param\u00e9triques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><b>non param\u00e9triques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les tests param\u00e9triques sont des tests dont l\u2019\u00e9chantillon que nous \u00e9tudions suit une certaine loi (loi normale par exemple) ou v\u00e9rifie un certain nombre d\u2019hypoth\u00e8ses (m\u00eame variance entre les deux \u00e9chantillons donn\u00e9s). Ils sont plus puissants mais n\u00e9cessitent un certain nombre d\u2019hypoth\u00e8ses \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si l\u2019\u00e9chantillon que nous avons \u00e0 disposition ne v\u00e9rifie pas les hypoth\u00e8ses donn\u00e9es, alors on applique un <\/span><b>test non param\u00e9trique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ce sont des tests plus robustes et valides dans beaucoup de situations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>Attention, m\u00eame si les tests statistiques non param\u00e9triques sont plus robustes et peuvent donc \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s dans un plus grand nombre de situations, ils ont quand m\u00eame des conditions de validit\u00e9 \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier.<br \/>Cette \u00e9tape est n\u00e9cessaire pour ne pas conclure \u00e0 une hypoth\u00e8se fausse au final !<\/p><p>Dans notre exemple on a peu de donn\u00e9es, qui sont ind\u00e9pendantes les unes des autres (les individus qui ont donn\u00e9 leur sang ont \u00e9t\u00e9 choisis al\u00e9atoirement dans la base de donn\u00e9es). On choisit donc d\u2019appliquer le test non param\u00e9trique des rangs sign\u00e9s de Wilcoxon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a4927a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a4927a1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f00b36e\" data-id=\"f00b36e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0433e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d0433e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/EmilieGreff1\/669e1ac8fcaa079d8adbd27bc24d925c.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3425a58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3425a58\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8d56e3\" data-id=\"e8d56e3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5505ab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5505ab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5\u00e8me \u00e9tape\u202f: Analyse des r\u00e9sultats <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-251559d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"251559d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ec9fa2\" data-id=\"7ec9fa2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21af501 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21af501\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apr\u00e8s le choix du test et son ex\u00e9cution, on obtient en sortie plusieurs donn\u00e9es et notamment la <\/span><b>p-value<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. C\u2019est ce qui va nous permettre de r\u00e9pondre au test. La <\/span><b>p-value<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est le niveau \u00e0 partir duquel on se met \u00e0 rejeter Ho.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si <\/span><b>p-value<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &lt; <\/span><b>alpha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, alors on <\/span><b>rejette<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ho au niveau alpha,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si <\/span><b>p-value<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &gt; <\/span><b>alpha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, alors on <\/span><b>conserve<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ho au niveau alpha.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plus la <\/span><b>p-value<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> observ\u00e9e est faible, plus on a envie de rejeter Ho car cela veut dire que la valeur de la statistique utilis\u00e9e pour le test est atypique pour Ho. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Attention\u202f! La <\/span><b>p-value<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> n&rsquo;est pas la probabilit\u00e9 que l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se de test soit vraie. La <\/span><b>p-value<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> indique dans quelle mesure les donn\u00e9es sont conformes \u00e0 l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se de test et \u00e0 ses hypoth\u00e8ses. (Source wikip\u00e9dia)\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ainsi on peut \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent rejeter ou conserver l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se nulle et donc conclure notre test. Dans notre exemple on obtient une p-value de 0.039 &lt; 0.05, alors on rejette Ho au niveau alpha = 0.05\u202fdonc \u00ab\u00a0le rythme cardiaque est plus faible apr\u00e8s qu\u2019avant le don du sang\u00a0\u00bb. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b4deac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b4deac\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-69a014d\" data-id=\"69a014d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-899b6fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"899b6fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/EmilieGreff1\/669e1ac8fcaa079d8adbd27bc24d925c.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-82cc60b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"82cc60b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c86fca\" data-id=\"5c86fca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaae0cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aaae0cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"41\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/unnamed-3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-56683\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/unnamed-3.png 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/unnamed-3-300x24.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4541d49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4541d49\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4364f04\" data-id=\"4364f04\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63361a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63361a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Un test statistique <strong>permet de prendre une d\u00e9cision entre deux hypoth\u00e8ses<\/strong>. Avant de partir t\u00eate baiss\u00e9e et d\u2019appliquer une fonction qui va nous donner le r\u00e9sultat, il est important de poser le probl\u00e8me \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape. La formulation des hypoth\u00e8ses, le choix du test statistique et l\u2019analyse des r\u00e9sultats sont les \u00e9tapes les plus importantes. Si vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur les tests statistiques un module y est consacr\u00e9 dans <strong>notre formation de Data Analyst et de Data Scientist<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbc0fc3 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fbc0fc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir nos formations<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vous souhaitez savoir si la moyenne des notes entre deux classes est significativement diff\u00e9rente\u202f? Ou savoir si la pollution dans une ville est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un taux autoris\u00e9\u202f? Comment tester l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 d\u2019un nouveau traitement sur une population\u202f?&nbsp; C\u2019est ici que nous utilisons les tests statistiques\u202f! DataScientest vous pr\u00e9sente la m\u00e9thode pour faire un test statistique [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":58862,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>5 \u00e9tapes pour faire un test statistique - multi.datascientest.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez avec une de nos expertes les \u00e9tapes essentielles pour r\u00e9aliser un test statistique et choisir entre deux hypoth\u00e8ses !\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/5-etapes-pour-faire-un-test-statistique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 \u00e9tapes pour faire un test statistique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/5-etapes-pour-faire-un-test-statistique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-07T07:59:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-09T14:07:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/illu_stats_blog-109.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1405\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Raphael Kassel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Raphael Kassel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/5-etapes-pour-faire-un-test-statistique\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/5-etapes-pour-faire-un-test-statistique\",\"name\":\"5 \u00e9tapes pour faire un test statistique - multi.datascientest.com\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-07T07:59:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-09T14:07:51+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6eca16f63daaafcbc96e15549b9d4ee1\"},\"description\":\"D\u00e9couvrez avec une de nos expertes les \u00e9tapes essentielles pour r\u00e9aliser un test statistique et choisir entre deux hypoth\u00e8ses !\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/5-etapes-pour-faire-un-test-statistique\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/\",\"name\":\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\",\"description\":\"Leader de la formation en Data Science\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6eca16f63daaafcbc96e15549b9d4ee1\",\"name\":\"Raphael Kassel\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/raph.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/raph.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"Raphael Kassel\"},\"description\":\"Raphael Kassel est le Head of Data Programs chez DataScientest. 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