{"id":57641,"date":"2021-04-13T08:41:26","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T07:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=57641"},"modified":"2023-11-09T14:07:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T14:07:47","slug":"3-exemples-pour-comprendre-les-tests-statistiques-non-parametriques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/3-exemples-pour-comprendre-les-tests-statistiques-non-parametriques","title":{"rendered":"3 Exemples pour comprendre les tests statistiques non param\u00e9triques"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"57641\" class=\"elementor elementor-57641\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971f19f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971f19f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0476f5c\" data-id=\"0476f5c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d15897 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d15897\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dans cet article nous vous pr\u00e9sentons 3 tests statistiques non param\u00e9triques\u202fet dans quelles situations les utiliser avec exemples \u00e0 l\u2019appui.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-763ee5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"763ee5c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d2bb938\" data-id=\"d2bb938\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed065ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed065ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous connaissez le test de Student, le test de Khi-carre ou encore le test de Fisher qui sont des tests param\u00e9triques. Mais pour utiliser des tests statistiques param\u00e9triques, nous devons <\/span><b>v\u00e9rifier certaines hypoth\u00e8ses concernant les \u00e9chantillons de donn\u00e9es<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> (m\u00eame variances entre les deux groupes d\u2019\u00e9chantillons donn\u00e9s, que l\u2019\u00e9chantillon suit une loi normale\u2026). Parfois on ne peut pas v\u00e9rifier ces hypoth\u00e8ses statistiques ou alors elles ne sont pas v\u00e9rifiables, c\u2019est ici que nous utilisons les tests statistiques non param\u00e9triques\u202f!\u00a0<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-81029f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"81029f0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3151b6d\" data-id=\"3151b6d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-557a50f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"557a50f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Test de Wilcoxon des rangs sign\u00e9s <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea7ecfa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea7ecfa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f098fb\" data-id=\"1f098fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e02d37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e02d37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce test correspond \u00e0 la version non param\u00e9trique du test de<\/span><b> Student<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. En effet, pour le test de <\/span><b>Student<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, on a besoin du caract\u00e8re gaussien des donn\u00e9es qui n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment v\u00e9rifi\u00e9\u202f: c\u2019est ici qu\u2019intervient ce test\u202f!\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cas d\u2019utilisation\u202f:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">On dispose d\u2019une population o\u00f9 l\u2019on effectue une exp\u00e9rience al\u00e9atoire et on souhaite comparer un avant\/apr\u00e8s, (\u00e9valuation du rythme cardiaque d\u2019une population avant\/apr\u00e8s l\u2019injection d\u2019un m\u00e9dicament),\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">On dispose de deux \u00e9chantillons appari\u00e9s. (Comparaison des salaires hommes\/femmes de m\u00eames \u00e2ges pour le m\u00eame poste).\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sur python on utilise la fonction <\/span><b>scipy.stats.wilcoxon<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de la librairie <\/span><b>scipy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">avec le module <\/span><b>stats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemple :\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Nous disposons d\u2019un ensemble de donn\u00e9es qui mesure le rythme cardiaque avant et apr\u00e8s le don du sang de 8 personnes prises au hasard dans une population. Nous r\u00e9pertorions dans le tableau ci-dessous les donn\u00e9es. On cherche \u00e0 savoir si le rythme cardiaque est plus faible apr\u00e8s qu\u2019avant le don du sang, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire que l\u2019on cherche \u00e0 proc\u00e9der au test\u202f:\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Hypoth\u00e8se nulle H0 : \u00ab\u00a0le rythme cardiaque est le m\u00eame avant et apr\u00e8s le don du sang\u00a0\u00bb et\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Hypoth\u00e8se alternative H1 : \u00ab\u00a0le rythme cardiaque est plus faible apr\u00e8s le don du sang qu\u2019avant le don du sang\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e41918 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1e41918\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-620cf54\" data-id=\"620cf54\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47922bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"47922bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"277\" height=\"123\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/pngbase6435ce7b9604227a3c-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-57660\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16c64fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16c64fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10961e0\" data-id=\"10961e0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eab0a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"6eab0a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/EmilieGreff1\/669e1ac8fcaa079d8adbd27bc24d925c.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7e3229 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7e3229\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52508c8\" data-id=\"52508c8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e11158f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e11158f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Test de Mann Whitney  <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5866483 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5866483\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f192f31\" data-id=\"f192f31\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f50a493 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f50a493\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il correspond \u00e0 la version non param\u00e9trique du test de Student pour deux \u00e9chantillons ind\u00e9pendants. Il est \u00e9galement appel\u00e9 le <\/span><b>test de Wilcoxon de la somme des rangs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou le test de <\/span><b>Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cas d\u2019utilisation\u202f:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour des<\/span><b> \u00e9chantillons ind\u00e9pendants <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">entre eux. (Comparaison des notes de deux classes)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sur python on utilise la fonction <\/span><b>scipy.stats.mannwhitneyu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de la librairie <\/span><b>scipy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> avec le module <\/span><b>stats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemple\u202f:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Une compagnie ferroviaire cherche \u00e0 comparer le nombre de retards pour deux types de trains\u202f: les trains A et les trains B. Dans le tableau ci-dessous est list\u00e9 le nombre de retards pour chaque train en fonction de leur type A ou B. On cherche \u00e0 savoir si l\u2019un des deux types de train \u00e0 tendance \u00e0 prendre des valeurs plus grandes que l&rsquo;autre.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se nulle Ho\u202f: \u00ab\u202fLes retards pour les deux types de trains sont similaires\u202f\u00bb et l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se alternative H1\u202f:\u00a0 \u00ab\u202fL\u2019un des deux types de trains a plus de retard que l\u2019autres\u202f\u00bb. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57461d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57461d1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d09b0d0\" data-id=\"d09b0d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f6486f elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5f6486f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/EmilieGreff1\/ac174973676a0abb83425f6d5728b3d4.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-402e2f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"402e2f6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc33ea7\" data-id=\"bc33ea7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b89e2fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b89e2fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Test de Kruskal Wallis  \n<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7e0505 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7e0505\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4660460\" data-id=\"4660460\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e43ddbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e43ddbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce test correspond au test de Mann-Whitney pour <\/span><b>plus de deux \u00e9chantillons<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, on peut le consid\u00e9rer comme la version non param\u00e9trique de l\u2019Anova (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mod\u00e8les statistiques qui permettent de montrer si des groupes appartiennent \u00e0 la m\u00eame population)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cas d\u2019utilisation\u202f:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Comparer la production de bl\u00e9 sur 4 terrains ind\u00e9pendants.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemple\u202f:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">La compagnie ferroviaire cherche \u00e0 comparer le nombre de retards maintenant pour quatre types de trains\u202f: les trains A, B, C, et D. Dans le tableau ci-dessous est list\u00e9 le nombre de retards par type de trains. Notre but est de d\u00e9terminer s\u2019il y a des diff\u00e9rences significatives de retards entre les diff\u00e9rents types de trains. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af555a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af555a2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a57df2\" data-id=\"3a57df2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-012d228 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"012d228\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"155\" height=\"156\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/pngbase642c97c256f7996aa1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-57673\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/pngbase642c97c256f7996aa1.png 155w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/pngbase642c97c256f7996aa1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107acc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107acc5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1216993\" data-id=\"1216993\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dac9be6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dac9be6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se nulle\u00a0 Ho\u202f: \u00ab\u202ftous les types de trains ont des retards similaires\u202f\u00bb et l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se alternative H1\u202f: \u00ab\u202fL\u2019un des types de trains a plus\/moins de retards que les autres\u202f\u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sur python on utilise la fonction <\/span><b>scipy.stats.kruskal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b6 de la librairie <\/span><b>scipy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> avec le module <\/span><b>stats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e82d225 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e82d225\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8f736c6\" data-id=\"8f736c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edaf1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3edaf1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><script src=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/EmilieGreff1\/2eb004b70c906319624a5afa49e7aefa.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9cecf79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9cecf79\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-534cd22\" data-id=\"534cd22\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99ff16d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99ff16d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Pour conclure, lorsque les hypoth\u00e8ses statistiques pour les tests param\u00e9triques ne sont pas v\u00e9rifiables ou pas v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es, on peut appliquer un test non param\u00e9trique. Ce sont des tests plus robustes qui s\u2019appliquent dans beaucoup de situations, en revanche ils sont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral moins puissants que les tests param\u00e9triques. Si vous souhaitez en savoir plus concernant les tests statistiques, un module y est consacr\u00e9 dans notre formation de <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-analyst\">Data Analyst<\/a> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-scientist\">Data Scientist.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-49e77ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"49e77ac\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd5c500\" data-id=\"bd5c500\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d85884 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9d85884\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir nos parcours <\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans cet article nous vous pr\u00e9sentons 3 tests statistiques non param\u00e9triques\u202fet dans quelles situations les utiliser avec exemples \u00e0 l\u2019appui. Vous connaissez le test de Student, le test de Khi-carre ou encore le test de Fisher qui sont des tests param\u00e9triques. Mais pour utiliser des tests statistiques param\u00e9triques, nous devons v\u00e9rifier certaines hypoth\u00e8ses concernant les [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":58206,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>3 Exemples pour comprendre les tests statistiques non param\u00e9triques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vous avez du mal \u00e0 comprendre les tests statistiques non param\u00e9triques ? D\u00e9couvrez quelques exemples pour bien les appr\u00e9hender\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/3-exemples-pour-comprendre-les-tests-statistiques-non-parametriques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"3 Exemples pour comprendre les tests statistiques non param\u00e9triques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/3-exemples-pour-comprendre-les-tests-statistiques-non-parametriques\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-13T07:41:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-09T14:07:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/illu_test_parametrique_blog-119.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"4267\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2342\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Raphael Kassel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Raphael Kassel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/3-exemples-pour-comprendre-les-tests-statistiques-non-parametriques\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/3-exemples-pour-comprendre-les-tests-statistiques-non-parametriques\",\"name\":\"3 Exemples pour comprendre les tests statistiques non param\u00e9triques\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-13T07:41:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-09T14:07:47+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6eca16f63daaafcbc96e15549b9d4ee1\"},\"description\":\"Vous avez du mal \u00e0 comprendre les tests statistiques non param\u00e9triques ? 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