{"id":6291,"date":"2020-07-24T07:53:58","date_gmt":"2020-07-24T07:53:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=6291"},"modified":"2024-05-22T13:29:47","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T13:29:47","slug":"devenir-data-scientist-data-analyst-data-engineer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/devenir-data-scientist-data-analyst-data-engineer","title":{"rendered":"Devenir Data Scientist, Data Analyst, Data Engineer &#8211; Pr\u00e9-requis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6291\" class=\"elementor elementor-6291\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f84b3a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"6f84b3a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f694d0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f694d0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2>Les m\u00e9tiers de la data science connaissent une \u00e9volution technologique constante, ce qui emp\u00eache aujourd\u2019hui d\u2019en dresser une liste exhaustive.<\/h2><h2>En effet, les techniques propres \u00e0 chacun des data jobs ne sont pas fig\u00e9es et d\u00e9finir le r\u00f4le et les pr\u00e9-requis de chacun ne sont pas chose simple.<\/h2><h2>\u00c0 travers cet article, nous allons essayer d\u2019y voir plus clair, en d\u00e9finissant les principales comp\u00e9tences du data scientist, du data engineer et du data analyst pour mener \u00e0 bien ses missions.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c86c5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c86c5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Au programme de cet article :<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"#data jobs\">Comment acc\u00e9der aux m\u00e9tiers de la data ?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mathematiques\">Pr\u00e9-requis math\u00e9matiques<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#programmation\">Pr\u00e9-requis en programmation<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9a1972 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"b9a1972\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\nbody.elementor-page .elementor-widget-menu-anchor{margin-bottom:0}<\/style>\t\t<div id=\"datajobs\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f90c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"22f90c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91f3846 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"91f3846\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comment acc\u00e9der aux data jobs ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56cc4f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56cc4f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De nombreux statisticiens pensent que la Data Science consiste \u00e0 analyser les donn\u00e9es, alors qu&rsquo;elle implique \u00e9galement la mise en \u0153uvre d&rsquo;<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>algorithmes qui traitent automatiquement les donn\u00e9es<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour am\u00e9liorer leurs pr\u00e9dictions.<\/span><\/p><p>Pour vous permettre de mieux appr\u00e9hender les m\u00e9tiers de Data Scientist, Analyst et Engineer, suivez notre guide des comp\u00e9tences indispensable :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02a2406 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"02a2406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=UpgdD0k1y1A&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center center;object-position:center center}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c19419 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"5c19419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"Mathematiques\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0941220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0941220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\"><i>Pr\u00e9-requis Math\u00e9matiques<\/i><\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adfaaac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adfaaac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour acc\u00e9der aux m\u00e9tiers de la data il faut tout d\u2019abord avoir un solide bagage en math\u00e9matiques et programmation. En effet, <\/span><b>travailler dans la Data Science<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> n\u00e9cessite de ma\u00eetriser certains concepts math\u00e9matiques.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f95192 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f95192\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\"><u>Statistiques<\/u><\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5289d66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5289d66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tout d\u2019abord, bien que le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/data-analyst-tout-savoir\">Data Analyst<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/metier-data-scientist\">Data Scientist<\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/data-engineer-tout-savoir\">Data Engineer<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0aient des <\/span><b>missions diff\u00e9rentes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, les trois m\u00e9tiers partagent des pr\u00e9-requis en commun. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La <\/span><b>principale mati\u00e8re math\u00e9matique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> utile aux m\u00e9tiers de la data science est l\u2019<\/span><b>\u00e9tude de statistiques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p>Cependant, la Data Science ne doit pas \u00eatre confondue avec les statistiques. Bien que ces deux domaines partagent des comp\u00e9tences similaires et des objectifs communs, ils sont distincts.<\/p><p>La <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Data Science<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est fortement bas\u00e9e sur l&rsquo;<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>utilisation de la puissance des ordinateurs et de la technologie<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Elle permet d&rsquo;acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des informations provenant de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>grandes bases de donn\u00e9es<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, d&rsquo;utiliser des codes pour les manipuler et les visualiser.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>Les statistiques utilisent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des th\u00e9ories \u00e9tablies et se concentrent davantage sur la<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <b>v\u00e9rification des hypoth\u00e8ses<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. C&rsquo;est une discipline plus traditionnelle qui, d&rsquo;un point de vue g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, a peu chang\u00e9 au cours des 50 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es ou plus, tandis que la Data Science a essentiellement \u00e9volu\u00e9 avec l&rsquo;utilisation croissante des ordinateurs.<\/span><\/p><p>Le Data Scientist, Analyst ou Engineer fait le pont entre data science et statistiques. En effet, il en utilise quotidiennement les outils afin de parvenir \u00e0 des conclusions concr\u00e8tes \u00e0 partir d\u2019une grande quantit\u00e9 de donn\u00e9es. Les plus n\u00e9cessaires sont :<\/p><ul><li>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de m\u00e9diane, \u00e9cart-type, variance, moyenne<\/li><li>G\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de nombres al\u00e9atoires, calcul d\u2019erreurs<\/li><li>Mod\u00e8le de r\u00e9gression lin\u00e9aire<\/li><li>Th\u00e9orie d\u2019estimation<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0729aa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0729aa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\"><u>Alg\u00e8bre Lin\u00e9aire<\/u><\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a46015b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a46015b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le data scientist et le data engineer n\u00e9cessitent essentiellement les m\u00eame pr\u00e9-requis en plus de l\u2019\u00e9tude de statistiques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parmi eux, l\u2019<\/span><b>alg\u00e8bre lin\u00e9aire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0qui facilite la <\/span><b>gestion des donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ma\u00eetriser des notions d&rsquo;alg\u00e8bre lin\u00e9aire et bi-lin\u00e9aire permet de comprendre les espaces dans lesquels la plupart des algorithmes de Machine Learning et techniques de statistiques sont utilis\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c3c20a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c3c20a5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e736fd6\" data-id=\"e736fd6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-906e440 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"906e440\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2811bff\" data-id=\"2811bff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae8735f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ae8735f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/xwYqoqAr7rPtxDvx6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/analyse-de-donne\u0301es.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6294\" alt=\"Analyse de donn\u00e9es\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/analyse-de-donne\u0301es.jpg 550w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/analyse-de-donne\u0301es-300x192.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Analyse de donn\u00e9es<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4399af\" data-id=\"c4399af\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e08646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7e08646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcS8V-TPq9vBm3sDss7h8HsfNaRtgi3Xib8Rug&#038;usqp=CAU\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"237\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/mode\u0300le-line\u0301aire.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6293\" alt=\"Mod\u00e8le lin\u00e9aire\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Mod\u00e8le Lin\u00e9aire<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c86e585 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c86e585\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c45671\" data-id=\"9c45671\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-de692a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de692a2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f8fc05\" data-id=\"6f8fc05\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44bd649 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44bd649\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ces donn\u00e9es sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par une matrice de donn\u00e9es de n-observations par p-caract\u00e9ristiques comme ci-contre :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-53fca7c\" data-id=\"53fca7c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7936496 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7936496\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/dhYg51fxR4Dt72wK9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"217\" height=\"158\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/matrice.gif\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6295\" alt=\"matrice\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-381e89a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"381e89a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-407ac1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"407ac1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En effet, tous les <\/span><b>algorithmes de Machine Learning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> utilisent des<\/span><b> techniques d&rsquo;alg\u00e8bre lin\u00e9aire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour<\/span><b> repr\u00e9senter et traiter les structures de r\u00e9seaux<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et les op\u00e9rations d&rsquo;apprentissage.<\/span><\/p><p>Les sujets essentiels que l\u2019on peut aborder en l\u2019alg\u00e8bre lin\u00e9aire sont :<\/p><ul><li>Application lin\u00e9aire, transpos\u00e9e de matrices, syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9quations lin\u00e9aires,<\/li><li>D\u00e9composition de matrices, d\u00e9composition de Dunford, r\u00e9duction de Jordan,<\/li><li>Espace vectoriel, produit scalaire, orthonormalit\u00e9 et orthogonalit\u00e9.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b563d24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b563d24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\"><u>Probabilit\u00e9s<\/u><\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-479485a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"479485a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enfin, les <\/span><b>m\u00e9tiers de Data Analyst<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et de <\/span><b>Data Scientist <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">font \u00e9galement intervenir des <\/span><b>probabilit\u00e9<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>s<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p><p>La <b>th\u00e9orie des probabilit\u00e9s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> correspond \u00e0 l\u2019<\/span><b>estimation de la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e9nement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> en utilisant des variables al\u00e9atoires et ind\u00e9pendantes.<\/span><\/p><p>Plusieurs <b>outils probabilistes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> peuvent \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9s au m\u00e9tier de Data Scientist, tels que :<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Loi uniforme, loi normale, loi binomiale, loi de poisson,<\/li><li>Th\u00e9or\u00e8me de Bayes, probabilit\u00e9 conditionnelle,<\/li><li>M\u00e9thode de Monte Carlo (estimer la moyenne d\u2019une variable al\u00e9atoire)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e341592 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"e341592\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"programmation\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f85295f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f85295f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\"><i>Pr\u00e9-requis en Programmation<\/i><\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9a221d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9a221d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comme expliqu\u00e9 plus haut, data analyst, data scientist et data ing\u00e9nieur utilisent de nombreux outils math\u00e9matiques en cr\u00e9ant des mod\u00e8les pour tirer de la valeur des donn\u00e9es analys\u00e9es. Ils utilisent pour cela principalement le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machine-learning-tout-savoir\"><span style=\"color: #5e36f3;\">Machine Learning<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> qui n\u00e9cessite en amont un certain bagage en programmation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>Quoique les trois m\u00e9tiers requi\u00e8rent des<b> comp\u00e9tences math\u00e9matiques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0communes, ils ne n\u00e9cessitent pas les m\u00eame pr\u00e9requis informatiques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On peut consid\u00e9rer que le Data Analyst ne n\u00e9cessite pas particuli\u00e8rement de pr\u00e9-requis en programmation pour d\u00e9buter. Pour le Data Scientist, une base en programmation est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable au d\u00e9marrage .\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enfin, pour faciliter la <\/span><b>formation du Data Engineer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e0 l\u2019aise avec l\u2019utilisation des outils informatiques comme les commandes Shell telles que <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ls<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour lister le contenu d\u2019un r\u00e9pertoire ou encore <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cp<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour copier un fichier. De plus, il doit connaitre au moins un langage de programmation dont les plus connus sont :\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #5e36f3;\"><a style=\"color: #5e36f3;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.java.com\/fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Java<\/a><\/span>,<b> JavaScript<\/b>, <b>C<\/b>, <b>C++ <\/b>et\u00a0<span style=\"color: #5e36f3;\"><a style=\"color: #5e36f3;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.python.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Python<\/a><\/span>.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour faire simple, le Data Engineer doit avoir des bases en programmation, algorithmique et des notions de BDD- Bases de Donn\u00e9es . <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c8e1a6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"7c8e1a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27655a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"27655a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ce qu'il faut retenir<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfa7640 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"dfa7640\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=tOTe2-61PHU&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3767edf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3767edf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2245\" height=\"1587\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/pre-requis-data-.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6334\" alt=\"data jobs\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/pre-requis-data-.png 2245w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/pre-requis-data--300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/pre-requis-data--1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/pre-requis-data--768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/pre-requis-data--1536x1086.png 1536w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/pre-requis-data--2048x1448.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2245px) 100vw, 2245px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-661f888 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"661f888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur les m\u00e9tiers de la data ? DataScientest a men\u00e9 l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate ! <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/salaire-data-scientist\">D\u00e9couvrez-le dans cet article !<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les m\u00e9tiers de la data science connaissent une \u00e9volution technologique constante, ce qui emp\u00eache aujourd\u2019hui d\u2019en dresser une liste exhaustive. En effet, les techniques propres \u00e0 chacun des data jobs ne sont pas fig\u00e9es et d\u00e9finir le r\u00f4le et les pr\u00e9-requis de chacun ne sont pas chose simple. \u00c0 travers cet article, nous allons essayer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":240292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[1417],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Devenir Data Scientist, Data Analyst, Data Engineer - Pr\u00e9-requis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Devenir Data Scientist, Data Analyst, Data Engineer , quels sont les pr\u00e9-requis pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 ces m\u00e9tiers de plus en plus recherch\u00e9s ?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/devenir-data-scientist-data-analyst-data-engineer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Devenir Data Scientist, Data Analyst, Data Engineer - 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