{"id":73143,"date":"2021-06-23T23:45:32","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T22:45:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=73143"},"modified":"2023-11-09T14:07:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T14:07:00","slug":"machine-learning-le-bagging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/machine-learning-le-bagging","title":{"rendered":"Bagging en Machine Learning : de quoi s&rsquo;agit-il ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"73143\" class=\"elementor elementor-73143\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3019af0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3019af0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9762162\" data-id=\"9762162\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a062279 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a062279\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u201cEnsemble on est plus fort\u201d : On pourrait symboliser le bagging par cette citation. En effet, cette technique fait partie des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019ensemble, qui consiste \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer un ensemble de mod\u00e8les pour prendre la d\u00e9cision finale. Nous allons voir en d\u00e9tail le cas du bagging.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcf9254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcf9254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tout d\u2019abord, il est n\u00e9cessaire de faire un travail sur les donn\u00e9es. En effet, nous n\u2019allons pas fournir les m\u00eames donn\u00e9es \u00e0 tous nos mod\u00e8les, car nous voulons que nos mod\u00e8les soient <\/span><b>ind\u00e9pendants<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Le probl\u00e8me \u00e9tant que nous ne pouvons pas partitionner le jeu de donn\u00e9es. Pour un nombre important de mod\u00e8les, nos mod\u00e8les ne seraient pas suffisamment entra\u00een\u00e9s et produisent des r\u00e9sultats m\u00e9diocres.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1645a79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1645a79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La solution de nos maux : le bootstrap<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f28698c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f28698c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour palier ce probl\u00e8me, nous r\u00e9alisons un jeu de donn\u00e9es <\/span><b>bootstrap<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Avec cette m\u00e9thode, nous cr\u00e9ons un nouveau jeu de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 partir du jeu de donn\u00e9es initial. Le nouveau jeu de donn\u00e9es est de m\u00eame taille que celui de d\u00e9part. Notons <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">la taille des \u00e9chantillons et appelons <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_1<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> le jeu de donn\u00e9es initial et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_2 <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">le jeu de donn\u00e9es r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par bootstrap. De <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_1<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, nous allons choisir un individu <\/span><b>al\u00e9atoirement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> que nous allons placer dans <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_2<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Nous allons r\u00e9it\u00e9rer cette \u00e9tape, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 que <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_2 <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">soit de taille <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Il est important de remarquer que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments choisis sont toujours dans <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_1<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>nous pouvons s\u00e9lectionner le m\u00eame \u00e9l\u00e9ment plusieurs fois<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. C\u2019est cette particularit\u00e9 qui permet de produire des donn\u00e9es diff\u00e9rentes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regardons un exemple concret pour mieux comprendre, en reprenant les notations ci-dessus.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35021b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"35021b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/illu_bagging-schema_2-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78772\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/illu_bagging-schema_2-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/illu_bagging-schema_2-1-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/illu_bagging-schema_2-1-768x422.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90bdade elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"90bdade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-scientist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">En savoir plus sur la formation de Data Scientist<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c23ca5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c23ca5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ici <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_1<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est compos\u00e9 de 2 \u00e9l\u00e9ments appel\u00e9s A et de 2 \u00e9l\u00e9ments appel\u00e9s B, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_2<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est vide et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">=4.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 la premi\u00e8re it\u00e9ration, on choisit <\/span><b>al\u00e9atoirement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> un \u00e9l\u00e9ment de <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_1<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, on place B dans <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_2<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On r\u00e9p\u00e8te ce processus jusqu\u2019\u00e0 que <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_2<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> comporte 4 \u00e9l\u00e9ments.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finalement <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E_2<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est compos\u00e9 de 3 \u00e9l\u00e9ments B et un \u00e9l\u00e9ment A. Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment B a \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 3 fois.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintenant que nous avons vu ce qu\u2019\u00e9tait le bootstrap, nous d\u00e9cidons de faire 3 \u00e9chantillons* de bootstrap. Pour chaque \u00e9chantillon, on va attribuer un mod\u00e8le diff\u00e9rent. Il est courant d\u2019utiliser des <\/span><b>arbres de d\u00e9cision<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Nous entra\u00eenons chaque mod\u00e8le et nous faisons nos pr\u00e9dictions.\u00a0<br \/><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*le choix de 3 est arbitraire<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d05ca13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d05ca13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Que pouvons-nous faire \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent avec 3 pr\u00e9dictions ? <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48b6d48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48b6d48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous avons besoin d\u2019une unique valeur pour notre probl\u00e8me, c\u2019est l\u00e0 que nous faisons de <\/span><b>l&rsquo;agr\u00e9gation de donn\u00e9es<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Pour des mod\u00e8les de classification, nous allons appliquer un <\/span><b>syst\u00e8me de vote<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et pour des mod\u00e8les de r\u00e9gression, nous allons faire une <\/span><b>moyenne<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de la valeur pr\u00e9dite. En se r\u00e9f\u00e9rant \u00e0 la citation de d\u00e9part, nous construisons un mod\u00e8le final \u00e0 partir de plusieurs mod\u00e8les.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous pouvons voir un exemple de syst\u00e8me de vote o\u00f9 on doit pr\u00e9dire A ou B, avec l\u2019exemple ci-dessous :\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a307be7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a307be7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/illu_bagging-schema3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78773\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/illu_bagging-schema3.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/illu_bagging-schema3-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/illu_bagging-schema3-768x422.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e4dfab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e4dfab\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-db240c0\" data-id=\"db240c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a25fefd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a25fefd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour retenir ce qu\u2019est le bagging, nous pouvons se rappeler qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une combinaison de <\/span><b>bootstrap<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et de <\/span><b>aggregating<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Un c\u00e9l\u00e8bre algorithme de bagging est le fameux <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/random-forest-definition\">random forest<\/a>, que vous pouvez retrouver <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/random-forest-definition\">ici<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Par ailleurs, vous pouvez vous renseigner sur une autre technique d\u2019ensemble connu qu\u2019est le <\/span><b>boosting <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dans <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/algorithmes-de-boosting-adaboost-gradient-boosting-xgboost\">cet article\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p><blockquote><b>Bagging<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> = <\/span><b>B<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ootstrap + <\/span><b>agg<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">regat<\/span><b>ing<\/b><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un des atouts de cette m\u00e9thode est de pouvoir <\/span><b>r\u00e9duire la variance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, en effet m\u00eame si les mod\u00e8les ne sont pas entra\u00een\u00e9s sur le m\u00eame jeu de donn\u00e9e, les \u00e9chantillons de bootstrap partagent des tuples en commun, ce qui produit du <\/span><b>biais<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ce biais produit fait r\u00e9duire la variance.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un deuxi\u00e8me atout est de corriger les erreurs de pr\u00e9dictions. Observons l\u2019image ci-dessous. Chaque mod\u00e8le fait une erreur de pr\u00e9dictions de classification, mais chaque erreur est corrig\u00e9e par le syst\u00e8me de vote.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a21b0f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a21b0f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/illu_bagging_schema3-24.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-78841\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/illu_bagging_schema3-24.png 1024w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/illu_bagging_schema3-24-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/illu_bagging_schema3-24-768x422.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0029c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0029c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous avons vu en quoi, le bagging rejoint les techniques d\u2019ensemble. Comme \u00e9nonc\u00e9 en introduction, nous utilisons plusieurs mod\u00e8les dont nous agr\u00e9geons les pr\u00e9dictions pour avoir une pr\u00e9diction finale. Pour calibrer nos diff\u00e9rents mod\u00e8les, nous cr\u00e9ons diff\u00e9rents jeux de donn\u00e9es par bootstrap sur l\u2019\u00e9chantillon de d\u00e9part.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si vous voulez le mettre en pratique, n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 vous inscrire \u00e0 notre formation Data Scientist.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a96f01 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3a96f01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formation-data-scientist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir le parcours Data Scientist<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cEnsemble on est plus fort\u201d : On pourrait symboliser le bagging par cette citation. En effet, cette technique fait partie des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019ensemble, qui consiste \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer un ensemble de mod\u00e8les pour prendre la d\u00e9cision finale. Nous allons voir en d\u00e9tail le cas du bagging. Tout d\u2019abord, il est n\u00e9cessaire de faire un travail sur [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":78806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bagging en Machine Learning : de quoi s&#039;agit-il ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cEnsemble on est plus fort\u201d : On pourrait symboliser le bagging par cette citation. En effet, cette technique fait partie des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019ensemble, qui consiste \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer un ensemble de mod\u00e8les pour prendre la d\u00e9cision finale. 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