{"id":87969,"date":"2021-08-25T14:32:31","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T13:32:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/?p=87969"},"modified":"2023-11-09T14:06:44","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T14:06:44","slug":"sharding-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/sharding-definition","title":{"rendered":"Sharding : d\u00e9finition, utilisation, avantages et inconv\u00e9nients"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"87969\" class=\"elementor elementor-87969\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-416930d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"416930d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9857c2e\" data-id=\"9857c2e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce81113 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce81113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Le mot \u00ab sharding \u00bb signifie \u00ab \u00e9clater \u00bb en anglais. Dans le domaine de la data, le sharding est une m\u00e9thode qui permet de partitionner un ensemble de donn\u00e9es venant d\u2019une m\u00eame base de donn\u00e9es. On fractionne ainsi notre base de donn\u00e9es en plusieurs sous-ensembles de donn\u00e9es \u00e9galement appel\u00e9es \u00ab datasets \u00bb. \u200b<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-03e8a71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"03e8a71\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-40d4060\" data-id=\"40d4060\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edd3267 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"edd3267\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu'est-ce que le sharding ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaba206 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aaba206\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il existe deux principales m\u00e9thodes de sharding ou partitionnement\u00a0: le <\/span><b>partitionnement horizontal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et le <\/span><b>partitionnement vertical. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le partitionnement horizontal permet de<\/span><b> s\u00e9parer les lignes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et de les stocker dans diff\u00e9rents serveurs.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consid\u00e9rons l\u2019exemple d\u2019une cha\u00eene de magasins qui poss\u00e8de une base de donn\u00e9es de ses clients et leurs produits achet\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400;\">Le sch\u00e9ma suivant repr\u00e9sente un partitionnement horizontal. Dans le premier fragment, nous avons toutes les informations concernant les produits qui co\u00fbtent moins de 100\u20ac alors que dans le deuxi\u00e8me, nous avons les informations concernant les produits qui co\u00fbtent plus de 100\u20ac.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3da8944 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3da8944\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a80c91\" data-id=\"1a80c91\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84ce39c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84ce39c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le partitionnement vertical quant \u00e0 lui permet de <\/span><b>s\u00e9parer les colonnes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et de les stocker dans diff\u00e9rents serveurs.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En reprenant l\u2019exemple pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, nous pouvons \u00e9galement effectuer un partitionnement vertical. Le premier fragment contiendra les informations personnelles d\u2019un utilisateur alors que le deuxi\u00e8me fragment contiendra les informations sur les produits achet\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-017cdcd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"017cdcd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-67b8ba8\" data-id=\"67b8ba8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47c55e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"47c55e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 02-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sharding-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-92299\" alt=\"exemple de partionnement vertical\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sharding-2.png 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sharding-2-300x188.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3ba299 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b3ba299\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sharding-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-92298\" alt=\"exemple de partitionnement horizontal\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sharding-1.png 512w, https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sharding-1-300x188.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-80198ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"80198ab\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-370eeec\" data-id=\"370eeec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de5ae0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de5ae0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si le sharding vertical permet de s\u00e9parer plusieurs cat\u00e9gories, le sharding horizontal permet de r\u00e9partir les donn\u00e9es sur plusieurs serveurs.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ainsi, les grandes entreprises du Web par exemple auront davantage recours au sharding horizontal.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le principe du sharding permet d\u2019\u00e9tablir une <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/base-de-donnees-definition\">meilleure gestion de base de donn\u00e9es<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Les donn\u00e9es qui sont partitionn\u00e9es (appel\u00e9s fragments logiques) sont ainsi r\u00e9parties dans des n\u0153uds de bases de donn\u00e9es distinctes (appel\u00e9s fragments physiques).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-31a6ccc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"31a6ccc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8878203\" data-id=\"8878203\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdb6dfd elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cdb6dfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Apprendre \u00e0 manipuler les bases de donn\u00e9es<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c72637c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c72637c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ed40f41\" data-id=\"ed40f41\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af1e065 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af1e065\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quels sont les avantages du sharding ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1648cd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1648cd7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c292b2\" data-id=\"7c292b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a09b026 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a09b026\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le sharding permet de <\/span><b>d\u00e9passer la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019une seule machine <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">en h\u00e9bergeant les donn\u00e9es sur diff\u00e9rents serveurs.\u00a0 Ce syst\u00e8me de d\u00e9centralisation poss\u00e8de de nombreux avantages.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le principal avantage est tout d\u2019abord la rapidit\u00e9 : beaucoup plus d\u2019informations pourront \u00eatre trait\u00e9es chaque seconde.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce syst\u00e8me sera \u00e9galement<\/span><b> plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (c\u2019est plus s\u00e9curisant de r\u00e9partir ses donn\u00e9es sur plusieurs serveurs). Il sera \u00e9galement <\/span><b>moins co\u00fbteux <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(moins de moyens \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre pour acheter et\u00a0 s\u00e9curiser un gros serveur).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ae3f8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ae3f8b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56d6dcc\" data-id=\"56d6dcc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e23da8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e23da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quels sont les inconv\u00e9nients du sharding ?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4de9fa0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4de9fa0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f35d62f\" data-id=\"f35d62f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2254a5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2254a5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le Sharding a cependant quelques inconv\u00e9nients.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tout d\u2019abord, une mauvaise impl\u00e9mentation peut engendrer une perte de donn\u00e9es plus ou moins cons\u00e9quente qu\u2019on ne pourra plus <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. De plus, il peut y avoir un<\/span><b> probl\u00e8me de d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> entre les fragments. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En effet, imaginons que nous poss\u00e9dons un jeu de donn\u00e9es sur les caract\u00e9ristiques de plusieurs voitures appartenant \u00e0 des utilisateurs. Nous souhaitons alors partitionner les donn\u00e9es en deux fragments distincts (les voitures de couleurs claires et celles de couleurs fonc\u00e9es). <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prenons le cas o\u00f9 une quasi-totalit\u00e9 des utilisateurs poss\u00e8de des voitures fonc\u00e9es. Dans ce cas-l\u00e0, les fragments seront d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibr\u00e9s et engendreront un ralentissement dans le traitement des informations. De plus, le fait de poss\u00e9der plusieurs serveurs peut aussi poser un <\/span><b>probl\u00e8me de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, une personne pourra en attaquer un plus facilement. Par ailleurs, les <\/span><b>profils experts en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/b> sont tr\u00e8s recherch\u00e9s sur le march\u00e9 du travail, d&rsquo;o\u00f9 l&rsquo;engouement du public pour <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyberuniversity.com\/formation-cybersecurite\"><b>les formations sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4dff4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4dff4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ce8ae5\" data-id=\"6ce8ae5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13978ae elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"13978ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cyberuniversity.com\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">D\u00e9couvrir une formation en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f3fe01 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f3fe01\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58bcc47\" data-id=\"58bcc47\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea0d542 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea0d542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le sharding dans les Crypto-monnaies<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca87c70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ca87c70\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fcfa881\" data-id=\"fcfa881\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dfcd25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3dfcd25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La <strong>scalabilit\u00e9<\/strong> (qui signifie la capacit\u00e9 de passer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle) est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment tr\u00e8s recherch\u00e9 en crypto-monnaie.\u00a0 Plusieurs cryptomonnaies comme le Bitcoin cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Satoshi Nakomoto en 2009 ou l&rsquo;Ethereum cr\u00e9\u00e9 par <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vitalik Buterin<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> en 2015 poss\u00e8dent des r\u00e9seaux souvent congestionn\u00e9s qui se manifestent par des temps de traitements trop longs ou des co\u00fbts de transaction assez \u00e9lev\u00e9s. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vitalik Buterin<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et son \u00e9quipe ont alors pens\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>utiliser le sharding pour r\u00e9soudre ce probl\u00e8me et r\u00e9partir le stockage des donn\u00e9es<\/strong>. <\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si le Bitcoin traite une petite dizaine de transactions par seconde, Ethereum veut se voir traiter plusieurs milliers de transactions par seconde gr\u00e2ce au sharding.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e679f32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e679f32\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6f4813\" data-id=\"e6f4813\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddd5794 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ddd5794\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les pr\u00e9requis pour effectuer du sharding<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-593cfd6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"593cfd6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85fd770\" data-id=\"85fd770\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b3e047 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b3e047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un des premiers pr\u00e9-requis pour effectuer du Sharding et d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble de nos donn\u00e9es. Tous les acc\u00e8s \u00e0 nos donn\u00e9es se font via <\/span><b>une cl\u00e9 de partition (appel\u00e9e Shard Key)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ainsi, lors du processus de pr\u00e9paration d\u2019une partition, une s\u00e9rie de transformations du sous mod\u00e8le de nos donn\u00e9es doit \u00eatre mise en \u0153uvre.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chaque table d&rsquo;une base de donn\u00e9es partitionn\u00e9e doit poss\u00e9der une colonne correspondant \u00e0 la shard key. Il doit y avoir <\/span><b>unicit\u00e9 de toutes les partitions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Aussi, la jointure entre les tables doit \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de la m\u00eame cl\u00e9 de partition.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f8710e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f8710e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8269f56\" data-id=\"8269f56\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ff510e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ff510e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4bdd28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4bdd28\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-567b089\" data-id=\"567b089\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-470cc08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"470cc08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le Sharding repr\u00e9sente un r\u00e9el avantage, en partitionnant les donn\u00e9es il engendre un gain de vitesse, un gain de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et une diminution des co\u00fbts. Son impl\u00e9mentation se d\u00e9roule selon un processus strict. Cette technique est tr\u00e8s utilis\u00e9e en cryptomonnaies. Elle est \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s utile pour les g\u00e9ants du Web comme Google, Wikip\u00e9dia, Amazon, Facebook, LinkedIn, etc.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9254c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9254c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9f360bf\" data-id=\"9f360bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c692f5 elementor-align-center button-principale elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3c692f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/formations-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Apprendre \u00e0 manipuler les bases de donn\u00e9es<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bc02f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4bc02f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"Qu'est-ce que le sharding ?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Il existe deux principales m\u00e9thodes de sharding ou partitionnement\u00a0: le partitionnement horizontal et le partitionnement vertical. Le partitionnement horizontal permet de s\u00e9parer les lignes et de les stocker dans diff\u00e9rents serveurs.\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"Quels sont les avantages du sharding ?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Le sharding permet de d\u00e9passer la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019une seule machine en h\u00e9bergeant les donn\u00e9es sur diff\u00e9rents serveurs.\u00a0 Ce syst\u00e8me de d\u00e9centralisation poss\u00e8de de nombreux avantages.\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"Quels sont les inconv\u00e9nients du sharding ?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"Le Sharding a cependant quelques inconv\u00e9nients. Tout d\u2019abord, une mauvaise impl\u00e9mentation peut engendrer une perte de donn\u00e9es plus ou moins cons\u00e9quente qu\u2019on ne pourra plus r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer. De plus, il peut y avoir un probl\u00e8me de d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre entre les fragments.\"\n    }\n  }]\n}\n<\/script>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le mot \u00ab sharding \u00bb signifie \u00ab \u00e9clater \u00bb en anglais. Dans le domaine de la data, le sharding est une m\u00e9thode qui permet de partitionner un ensemble de donn\u00e9es venant d\u2019une m\u00eame base de donn\u00e9es. On fractionne ainsi notre base de donn\u00e9es en plusieurs sous-ensembles de donn\u00e9es \u00e9galement appel\u00e9es \u00ab datasets \u00bb. \u200b Qu&rsquo;est-ce [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":92306,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2497],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sharding : d\u00e9finition, utilisation, avantages et inconv\u00e9nients<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le mot \u00ab sharding \u00bb signifie \u00ab \u00e9clater \u00bb en anglais. Dans le domaine de la data, le sharding est une m\u00e9thode qui permet de partitionner un ensemble de donn\u00e9es venant d\u2019une m\u00eame base de donn\u00e9es. On fractionne ainsi notre base de donn\u00e9es en plusieurs sous-ensembles de donn\u00e9es \u00e9galement appel\u00e9es \u00ab datasets \u00bb. \u200b\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/sharding-definition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sharding : d\u00e9finition, utilisation, avantages et inconv\u00e9nients\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/sharding-definition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-25T13:32:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-09T14:06:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/illu_sharding-35-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1405\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Raphael Kassel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Raphael Kassel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/sharding-definition\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/sharding-definition\",\"name\":\"Sharding : d\u00e9finition, utilisation, avantages et inconv\u00e9nients\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-25T13:32:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-09T14:06:44+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6eca16f63daaafcbc96e15549b9d4ee1\"},\"description\":\"Le mot \u00ab sharding \u00bb signifie \u00ab \u00e9clater \u00bb en anglais. Dans le domaine de la data, le sharding est une m\u00e9thode qui permet de partitionner un ensemble de donn\u00e9es venant d\u2019une m\u00eame base de donn\u00e9es. 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